Research on Localized English Education for Transnational Left-behind Children in the Context of English Global Localization: A Case Study of Wenzhou Overseas Chinese Hometown

With the increasing development of English globalization,the trend of combining English with local cultures has become more evident.This research focuses on five schools in the Wenzhou overseas Chinese hometown to investigate the current status of English education from the perspectives of teachers,students,and textbooks.The aim was to propose bilingual education strategies for the education of transnational left-behind children(TLC).By examining the situation of English education in this specific context,this study sought to address the unique challenges faced by TLC and provide effective educational approaches.Interviews,observations,and document analysis were employed to gather data by means of questionnaire research methods.The findings of this study settled on the improvement of bilingual education for TLC and insights into enhancing English education in multicultural settings.

The Relationship between Rural Left-Behind Children’s Physical Activity and Hope:The Mediating Effects of Perceived Social Support

It has been confirmed in previous studies that there is a positive correlation between physical activity and hope.In this study,rural left-behind children in China was taken as the participants to investigate the impact of physical activity on hope in rural left-behind children and examine the mediating role of perceived social support in the relationship between physical activity and hope.797 valid copies of the questionnaire were collected from China.Pearson correlation coefficient was employed to analyze the relationship between physical activity and hope;SEM and Bootstrap were used to test the mediating effect of perceived social support.The results show that physical activity can not only directly and positively predict the level of hope in rural leftbehind children but can also predict the level of hope through perceived social support;perceived social support plays a mediating role in the relationship between physical activity and hope.These results highlight the necessity to pay more attention to the physical activity of left-behind children and the possibility to improve the level of hope by increasing their physical activity;at the same time,the acquisition of more material,emotional and psychological support from teachers and guardians is more conducive to improving the sense of hope in left-behind children.These findings can deepen the understanding of the sense of hope in left-behind children,and provide new methods for and enlightenments on improving the level of hope in left-behind children.

Effect of Social Media Celebrities on Children’s Satisfaction with Their Body Image

This study investigated the impact of social media and media on children’s body satisfaction in early childhood.The effect of social media and media on children’s body image and differences between girls’and boys’acceptance of their body image were explored.A questionnaire and an illustrated body satisfaction scale were distributed to a sample of 491 children in Saudi Arabia(246 girls,245 boys)aged 5-7 years.The results revealed differences between children’s responses to the illustrated body satisfaction scale and questionnaire.Questionnaire data revealed children were satisfied with their body image(91.4%,standard deviation[SD]0.53),skin color(91.2%,SD 0.53),and weight(79.6%)and did not want to change their shape(73.7%).However,the illustrated body satisfaction scale indicated many children wanted to be like social media celebrities(37.9%),television and film celebrities(32.6%),and famous singers(25.5%).No statistically significant differences were found between girls and boys in body satisfaction,although 66.9%of boys wanted the shape of their body to be more muscular,and girls wanted blue or green eyes and blond hair.This study also revealed Disney princesses had a major effect on girls compared with other media.The researcher recommends conducting longitudinal studies in Arab societies,particularly in Saudi Arabia,to explore the influence of celebrities on children as they age.Importantly,educational policymakers should include pictures of Arab children in the curricula instead of foreign children.

The Correlation between Social Anxiety and Loneliness of Left-Behind Children in Rural China: Effect of Coping Style

In this study, the relationship between social anxiety, coping style and loneliness amongst left-behind children was investigated. The participants were 773 left-behind children recruited from 8 junior middle schools in rural areas of Zhejiang Province in China who completed the Social Anxiety Scale for Children, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire and Children’s Loneliness Scale. Results show that there was a moderate correlation between social anxiety and loneliness, and these variables had a significant negative relationship with positive coping style and a significant positive relationship with negative coping style. Furthermore, the left-behind children’s social anxiety, coping style and loneliness were different within specific demographic groups, such as gender, only child status and different type of parental work. Also negative coping style moderated the association between loneliness and social anxiety, so that children who were more likely to use negative coping strategies showed a stronger relationship between social anxiety and loneliness. Finally, the left-behind children’s social anxiety not only directly predicted their loneliness, but also had an indirect effect mediated by their copying style.

Parental Migration’s Effects on the Academic and Non-Academic Performance of Left-Behind Children in Rural China

This study investigates the impact of parental labor migration on the academic achievements and non-academic growth of left-behind children in fourth and seventh grades. Employing survey data collected from rural China in 2014, 2015, and 2016, we examine the effect of parental absence on children's academic achievement using Propensity Score Matching(PSM) and Difference in Difference(DID) methods. The results demonstrate that left-behind children whose parents have migrated for one year have statistically significantly lower academic scores. Academic scores drop lower for fourthgrade students and students from higher-income families. There are also adverse effects on left-behind children's confidence, teacher-student relationships, subjective well-being, and educational expectations if parents migrate for one year. Surprisingly, if parental migration lasts longer(totaling two years), these adverse effects disappear, and student's educational expectations even improve. These results may be because, over time, the adverse effects that occur immediately after parental migration are offset by the positive effects of migration(i.e. higher income). These conclusions can inform migrant parents on ways to utilize their resources to improve the academic performance of their left-behind children.

Magnetic resonance imaging in children and adolescents with chronic inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) represent challenges, both from a diagnostic, and therapeutic point of view. Deep-seated anatomic structures are difficult to assess by ultrasound technique alone. As radiation-free alternative cross-sectional imaging method, magnetic resonance imaging of the intestinal structures is costly and time-consuming. Examination of pediatric patients imply additional considerations: reduction of body motions in younger children and consideration of the most appropriate preparation, and examination technique. The demanding Sellink technique is the only means for appropriately distending the lesser intestine in order to detect small bowel strictures. Oral intake of contrast medium(CM) alone shows its limitations regarding distensibility. The need for intravenous contrast media application needs to be considered, too. Active inflammation of both intestinal wall, and mesentery can be demonstrated accurately. Nevertheless, viable alternatives to CM application is desirable, considering non-negligible adverse reactions. Recent data suggest diffusion weighted imaging might fill this diagnostic gap. Irrespective of sequence technique chosen, bowel movement remains a major obstacle. Antispasmolytics in their function as smooth muscle relaxants help in improving image quality, however, their use in children might be off-label. Optimal preparation for the examination and appropriate imaging technique allow for diagnosing typical patterns of changes in IBD, such as bowel wall thickening, ulcers, mural stratification, strictures, creeping fat, and comb sign, and lymphadenopathy. The article gives a detailed overview of current significance of magnetic resonance imaging pediatric patients suffering from IBD, considering indications, limitations, and safety aspects.

Peripapillary choroidal thickness in Chinese children using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography

AIM:To evaluate the peripapillary choroidal thickness(PPCT) in Chinese children,and to analyze the influencing factors.METHODS: PPCT was measured with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography(EDI-OCT) in 70children(53 myopes and 17 non-myopes) aged 7 to 18 y,with spherical equivalent refractive errors between 0.50and-5.87 diopters(D).Peripapillary choroidal imaging was performed using circular scans of a diameter of 3.4 mm around the optic disc.PPCT was measured by EDI-OCT in six sectors: nasal(N),superonasal(SN),superotemporal(ST),temporal(T),inferotemporal(IT)and inferonasal(IN),as well as global RNFL thickness(G).RESULTS: The mean global PPCT was 165.49±33.76 μm.The temporal,inferonasal,inferotemporal PPCT were significantly thinner than the nasal,superonasal,superotemporal segments PPCT were significantly thinner in the myopic group at temporal,superotemporal and inferotemporal segments.The axial length was significantly associated with the average global(β=-0.419,P =0.014),superonasal(β=-2.009,P=0.049) and inferonasal(β=-2.000,P=0.049) PPCT.The other factors(gender,age,SE) were not significantly associated with PPCT.CONCLUSION: PPCT was thinner in the myopic group at temporal,superotemporal and inferotemporal segments.The axial length was found to be negatively correlated to PPCT.We need more further studies about the relationship between PPCT and myopia.

Path of Student Volunteer Organizations in Agricultural Universities for Serving Rural Left-behind Children: A Case Study of Northwest A&F University

Most volunteer organizations in universities focus their attention on urban communities and residents,but neglect rural residents.Agricultural universities have responsibilities and conditions to serve rural areas,and should bring into play their leading role. This study surveyed situations of volunteers of Northwest A&F University serving rural left-behind children,and found that there are problems including weak volunteer awareness,unstable organization members,imperfect organization construction,and lack of effect incentive mechanism. Finally,it came up four recommendations: strengthening " active service" ideological education,improving management system construction,establishing incentive mechanism,and setting up brand project,to provide feasible path for agricultural universities serving rural weak groups in a better way.

Good Experience of Values Education Mode in the UK and the US for the "Left-behind" Children's Values Education in China

Based on the development status and development characteristics of the "left-behind" children, we analyze the current situation of the "left-behind" children's values education in China. After studying the training methods and mode of young people's values in the US and Europe, we reflect on the "left-behind" children's values education in China, and point out the following deficiencies in the "left-behind" children's values education in China: the traditional Chinese culture is at the ebb, and socialist core values have not received close attention, being developed sluggishly; the educational content is stale and the method is single; the rise of science education leads to the decline of humanities education, hindering comprehensive human development. We draw the following precious experience from the values education in the UK and the US for the "left-behind" children's values education in China: laying great emphasis on humanities education, to promote comprehensive human development; seeking and reshaping the mainstream values under plural values; giving full play to the social forces, to promote the development of the "left-behind" children's values education.

Emotional and Behavioral Problems of Left-Behind Children in Impoverished Rural China:A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of First Grade Junior High School

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems and related factors of left-behind children in impoverished rural China(mainly in thefirst grade of junior high school).Methods:A cross-sectional survey of rural households in 27 poverty-stricken counties in 12 provinces across China was conducted using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire(SDQ).Results:The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in left-behind children was 11.7%,and that of non-left-behind children was 8.9%.There was statistical difference between the two groups(P<0.01).There are no differences between the two groups in terms of the various factors of SDQ.The incidence of insomnia in the left-behind group was 58.3%,which was higher than that in the non-left-behind group 50.9%(P<0.01);loneliness(62.1%vs.51.8%,P<0.01);running away from home(23.1%vs.18.8%,P<0.01),and self-injury behavior(16.8%vs.12.2%,P<0.01).Left-behind children are more likely to have negative psychological feelings including insomnia,loneliness,self-injury,and run away from home.They also experienced more bullying including maliciously teased by peers,intentionally excluded or isolated,physically threatened or intimidated.All of these factors are associated with their abnormal emotional and behavioural development.Conclusion:The incidence of emotional and behavioral problems of left-behind children in rural areas in poverty-stricken areas is significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children;Logistic regression analysis showed that bullying behavior and abnormal psychological characteristics are significantly associated with left-behind adolescents abnormal emotional and behavioral development.

Quito Municipal Schools—Cohort Study: Self-Perception of Body Image and Factors Related with It

Self-perception of body image is one factor to be considered when planning and performing preventive initiatives and interventions in childhood and adolescence. The aim of this study was to analyse self-perception of body image in relation to body-mass index, physical inactivity, not eating breakfast, dieting, smoking and alcohol consumption or toxic habits. Materials and Methods: using data from the “Quito municipal schools” cohort study 6964 students aged from 9 to 17 years were described using a multivariate log linear model of the multidimensional table generated by the variables. A logistic regression model was then fitted to assess associations via OR. Results: 8.2% perceived themselves as overweight. Of those subjects overweight according to their BMI, 21.8% perceived themselves as such, while among those not overweight according to BMI, 96.8% considered themselves as slim or of normal weight. Among students who were dieting, 15.1% perceived themselves as overweight. Among those pupils who perceived themselves has having excess weight, the most common reasons for dieting were: lose weight (56.8%), be healthier (22.6%), and maintain current weight (8.4%). Self-perception of excess weight interacts with excess weight (ORadjusted 8.42;CI95% 6.92-10.25), no breakfast (ORadjusted 2.83;CI95% 2.13-3.77), diet (ORadjusted 2.38;CI95% 1.95-2.89), and with all the variables except toxic habits (ORadjusted 1.01;CI95% 0.78 a 1.29). Conclusion: Interventions to prevent obesity in childhood and adolescence ought to take account of specific determinants within the personal, behavioural and socio-environmental factors, such as the promotion of a positive body image.

Pediatric CT of the Lung: Influences on Image Quality

Objective: To assess influential factors of CT on image quality of the lung in children. Materials and methods: Retrospective evaluation of 82 consecutive chest-CT-scans in 50 children (1-16 years, 17 females and 33 males). Two pediatric radiologists evaluated in consensus the subjective image quality on lung windows using a 4-point scale (1 = very good, 2 = good, 3 = moderate, 4 = poor). Ventilation, motion artifacts and beam hardening artifact were included in this score. The effects of the following factors were evaluated: 1) CT-settings (tube energy, tube current);2) Patient’s age, weight, chest size, ventilation;3) Artifacts of devices, tubes and lines;4) Combination MRI of the abdomen prior to CT of the chest with the same sedation/anesthesia in oncological patients. Results: The odds of having a better image quality increase with patient’s age, weight and chest diameter in a multiple-factor model. There was no difference between tube current protocols. In infants (15 kg) subjective image quality was good in only 1 (8%), moderate in 8 (67%) and poor in 3 (25%) scans. In childhood and adolescence (15 - 90 kg) 25 (36%) scans were very good, 28 (40%) good, 15 (21%) moderate and 2 (3%) poor. Artifacts of tubes and lines have no statistical significant influence on image quality. Lower lung densities were related to better ventilation and older children. Conclusion: Increasing dose parameters may not increase necessarily subjective image quality in infants (15 kg), rather than good ventilation, optimal preparation and avoiding artifacts. A possible explanation of the rather moderate image quality in infants may be the alveolar stage of the lung. Up to two years of age the lung has a high specific lung volume per kg and a low total lung volume with a low alveolar surface.

Preliminary Study on Crime Prevention of Left-behind Children in Rural China

In the process of social and economic development in China,there appears the inevitable problem of crime of left-behind children.Extensive researches and disputes prove that it is,to a greater extent,a social phenomenon resulted from social factors. It is recommended to improve the treatment of migrant workers and solve the problem of school admission for their children,provide effective legal education for those left-behind children whose problem can not be solved in a short term,and supplement the guardianship role to control the crime rate of leftbehind children. Another more effective method is to resume effective control of people's social life through the rural cultural tradition,to fundamentally prevent crime of left-behind children.

Psychological Capital Status of Left-Behind Rural Children in China and Its Relationship with Mental Health

Background:The mental health of left-behind rural children of China has become a prominent social problem.At the same time,psychological capital has become a positive psychological resource to promote personal growth.However,the relationship between psychological capital and mental health of left-behind rural children has not been explored.Method:A total of 332 left-behind rural children were investigated using a questionnaire of psychological capital and mental health scale.The psychological capital status of left-behind rural children and its impact on mental health were analyzed.Results:(1)Left-behind rural children were found to have a psychological capital score of was 3.16±0.56;Gender,age,grade,and school style had no significant effect on psychological capital.(2)Left-behind rural children obtained a mental health score of 2.21±0.5 G and gender,age,grade,and school style had no significant effect on mental health.(3)A significant negative correlation is found between psychological capital and mental health scores of left-behind rural children.Regression analysis shows that psychological capital is negatively correlated with mental health scores.Conclusion:The psychological capital of left-behind rural children can positively predict their mental health,and thus developing the former can promote the latter.

Current Situation and Mental Health and Intervention Measures of Left-behind Children

In the Outline of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China,it proposed of improving distribution and form of urbanization and strengthening urbanization management. With acceleration of the urbanization,numerous rural labors flow to cities,and the number of left-behind children becomes increasingly large,which not only increases burden of family and education,but also gives rise to many mental problems. Due to lack of family education,many left-behind children have mental,emotional and ethical disorder and problem,which creates hidden trouble for building a harmonious society and economic development. This paper analyzed current situation and factors influencing mental health of left-behind children,including family environment,grandparent upbringing,and school environment. Finally,it came up with pertinent intervention measures from changing ideas of parents,improving the relationship between parents and children,and improving mental health education of schools.

A Survey on English Reading Status of Left-behind Children in Rural Areas of Northern China

Taking Suining County in Xuzhou city of Jiangsu province as the survey subject,this paper is to study the current English reading situation of the left-behind children based on a questionnaire survey of 472 respondents from 4 primary and middle schools in rural areas.The result indicated that there are serious problems in the current situation of English reading among left-behind children in rural areas,which are as follows:insufficient reading time and books,few access to having books,increased digital reading,many reading disabilities,poor reading environment,etc.This paper analyzes the reasons and gives corresponding countermeasures for society,school and family,to improve the English reading condition of rural left-behind children and to better promote their reading ability and habits.It also provides the reference for narrowing the disparity gap of reading resources services between urban and rural China.

Contribution of Medical Imaging in the Diagnosis of Urinary Disorders in Children at the Charles de Gaulle University Hospital in Ouagadougou

Purpose: The purpose of our study, which focused on the contribution of medical imaging in the diagnosis of urinary tract diseases in children at the Charles de Gaulle University Hospital of Ouagadougou, was to study the role of medical imaging in the diagnosis of urinary tract diseases in patients aged 15 years or less at the CHUP-CDG. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with the retrospective collection covering the period from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018, i.e., 10 years. We collected a total of 833 medical imaging examinations, performed in 735 patients. The mean age of the patients was 40 months, infants accounted for 37.69% of the cases. Male patients were more numerous with a sex ratio of 1.53. Results: Ultrasonography was performed in 652 patients or 78.27%, ASP RX in 128 patients or 10.88%. URC and UIV were used in 6.53% and 0.68% of patients, respectively. CT and MRI were not performed in our study. The most frequent clinical urinary signs were dysuria (58.13%) and hematuria (43.94%). Ultrasonography was the most requested examination (78.27%), followed by conventional radiography (15.37%). Urinary lithiasis was by far the most common urinary condition (46.86%), followed by urinary tract infections (32.19%) and malformative uropathies (14.93%), of which the posterior urethral valve was the most frequent. Imaging was also used to find other conditions associated with urinary tract diseases. Conclusion: Medical imaging plays a major role in the diagnosis and management of urinary tract diseases in children. It has limitations, that is why a formal meeting between clinicians and radiologists is necessary for a better choice of imaging techniques and efficient management of these conditions.

A Study on Left-behind Children's Communicative Willingness and Language Ability under the Influence of Internet Addiction--A Case Study of Zhejiang Province

This research studies the language communication barrier of left-behind children under the influence of Internet addiction.Leftbehind children aged 8-13 in primary school were taken as the research object.A total of 320 left-behind children from 10 primary schools in 5 regions of Zhejiang Province were selected as the research objects.In addition,30 primary school language teachers in Zhejiang Province were interviewed to explore the communicative willingness and language expression of left-behind children under the influence of"Internet addiction,"analyze the obstacle factors affecting the language communicative ability,and put forward corresponding opinions and suggestions.

A Study of English Learning Motivation of Left-behind Children from the Perspective of L2 Motivational Self System

A survey carried out among 286 left-behind children in a middle school through the lens of L2 Motivational Self System presents that although left-behind children possess low level of English learning motivation,they are favorably disposed towards studying English.Among the three dimensions of L2 Motivational Self System in this survey,L2 Learning Experience influences English learning motivation of left-behind children most and Ideal L2 Self with Ought-to L2 Self ranks the second in affecting their motivation.Practicalimplications are also provided.

Research of Problems of Left-behind Children in the View of Inclusive Education

Inclusive Education is one of the most advanced educational concepts at the present time. It advocates raising the participation of children and alleviating the exclusion problems between them at the same time. Although China is a large agricultural country, under the situation of fast-growing economic development, an increasing number of adults prefer to work in big city,we call this"working fever". This situation contributes to a growing number of Left-behind children, the problem became severer. As a major receiver of basic education in China, Left-behind children may easily suffering from the problems due to their family. This violates the original intention of Inclusive Education.