New herbicide options are needed for postemergence (POST) broadleaf weed control in adzuki bean. A field study, of five experiments, was conducted over a three-year period (2014, 2015, 2016) in Ontario to evaluate the...New herbicide options are needed for postemergence (POST) broadleaf weed control in adzuki bean. A field study, of five experiments, was conducted over a three-year period (2014, 2015, 2016) in Ontario to evaluate the tolerance of adzuki bean to the POST application of acifluorfen (600 and 1200 g·ai·ha-1), fomesafen (240 and 480 g·ai·ha-1), bentazon (1080 and 2160 g·ai·ha-1), imazethapyr (100 and 200 g·ai·ha-1) and halosulfuron-methyl (75 and 150 g·ai·ha-1). Acifluorfen and fomesafen applied POST caused as much as 12% visible injury at the 1X rate and 20% visible injury at the 2X rate but had no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield. Bentazon caused as much as 23% visible injury at 1080 g·ai·ha-1 and 28% visible injury at 2160 g·ai·ha-1 but caused no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield at either rate, except at 2160 g·ai·ha-1 which reduced shoot dry weight 20% and height 12%. Imazethapyr caused as much as 22% visible injury at 100 g·ai·ha-1 and 34% visible injury at 200 g·ai·ha-1 but caused no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield at either rate except at 200 g·ai·ha-1 which delayed maturity slightly. Halosulfuron-methyl caused as much as 65% visible injury and reduced shoot dry weight, height and yield 64%, 41%, and 28%, respectively. This research concludes that acfluorfen, fomesafen, bentazon, imazethapyr and halosulfuron at the rates evaluated can cause the significant injury in adzuki bean.展开更多
A gas chromatographic method for determining the trace residue of imazethapyr {(±)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methtyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ehtyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid} in soil was described in th...A gas chromatographic method for determining the trace residue of imazethapyr {(±)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methtyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ehtyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid} in soil was described in this paper. The soil samples were extracted by shaking with 0.5 mol·L -1 sodium hydroxide solution. The aqueous extract was acidified with hydrocholric acid to adjust the pH to 2.0 to precipitate humic acids, then was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic extract was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and was concentrated. After florisil cleanup, and imazethapyr is derivatized with trimethylanilinium hydroxide (TMAH). Methylated imazethapyr was analyzed by gas chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorous dtector. The recovery of imazethapyr from soil samples are over 80%, the experimental detection limit of the method is 5ng·g -1 .展开更多
The EVA-150 and starch were extruded by extruding press and the bio-degra- dation composite material was prepared to use as the controlled-release matrix of imazethapyr.The compatibility and crystallinity of EVA-150/s...The EVA-150 and starch were extruded by extruding press and the bio-degra- dation composite material was prepared to use as the controlled-release matrix of imazethapyr.The compatibility and crystallinity of EVA-150/starch blending were analyzed by SEM and DSC,and the controlled-released performance of imazethapyr in the carriers was also investigated by UV analysis.The results show that EVA-150/starch composite matrix has the obvious controlled-released function and the release rates of imazethapyr all exceed 50% in the environment of pH4,pH7,or pH9 after nine days.展开更多
咪唑啉酮类除草剂普杀特浓度高于10^(-5)mol·L^(-1)时强烈抑制大蒜根系的生长。亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸的同时存在可以保护大蒜根系免受这种除草剂的危害。普杀特对大蒜根尖细胞分裂的影响是间接的。它实际上是抑制了间期 DNA ...咪唑啉酮类除草剂普杀特浓度高于10^(-5)mol·L^(-1)时强烈抑制大蒜根系的生长。亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和缬氨酸的同时存在可以保护大蒜根系免受这种除草剂的危害。普杀特对大蒜根尖细胞分裂的影响是间接的。它实际上是抑制了间期 DNA 的复制而阻止了细胞分裂的启动。展开更多
【目的】冀谷33是抗咪唑乙烟酸谷子(Setaria italica)品种,在生产实践中通过喷施咪唑乙烟酸除草剂可达到间苗、除草的目的,适应规模化、集约化种植。论文旨在通过研究咪唑乙烟酸对冀谷33生长发育的影响及对后茬作物的安全性,为冀谷33的...【目的】冀谷33是抗咪唑乙烟酸谷子(Setaria italica)品种,在生产实践中通过喷施咪唑乙烟酸除草剂可达到间苗、除草的目的,适应规模化、集约化种植。论文旨在通过研究咪唑乙烟酸对冀谷33生长发育的影响及对后茬作物的安全性,为冀谷33的应用和推广提供依据。【方法】试验于2013年5月至2015年6月在河北省农林科学院谷子研究所郄马试验站进行,试验设置0、56.25、75、112.5、150、225 g a.i./hm^26种咪唑乙烟酸剂量水平。对冀谷33生长发育的影响试验在田间进行,用药后7、10、13、16、20、25和30 d,分别调查统计苗高和鲜重;成熟期调查株高、穗长和穗径,并统计小区产量;并对小米、谷壳、植株和土壤中的残留进行检测。对后茬作物的影响试验在网室进行,研究其药后30、60 d和药后1年播种的8种后茬作物白菜、冀谷19、冀谷33、甜菜、高梁、玉米、小麦、棉花的安全性。【结果】56.25-225 g a.i./hm^2剂量下,冀谷33正常生长,无明显药害。药后不同时期对冀谷33苗高、鲜重的影响结果表明,喷药谷子苗高和鲜重与对照相比差异不显著;药后13—16 d处于拔节期初期,为苗高敏感期,药后20—25 d处于拔节期末期、孕穗期初期,为苗重敏感期,之后抑制逐渐解除,收获时冀谷33生长发育正常,产量高于对照。只有喷施225 g a.i./hm^2咪唑乙烟酸的植株中检测到(0.01±0.006)mg·kg^(-1)少量残留,低于检测限LOQ,其余处理均未检出。随着咪唑乙烟酸施药时间的增长,对后茬作物的抑制作用有所减轻,在药后1年播种的后茬作物中,株高差异显著,仅对白菜、高梁产量有显著影响。在夏谷区喷施咪唑乙烟酸的田地,冀谷33可与玉米、小麦、棉花轮作种植。【结论】施用56.25-225 g a.i./hm^2咪唑乙烟酸对冀谷33安全,对其生长发育和产量没有显著影响。随着咪唑乙烟酸施药时间的增长,对后茬作物的抑制作用有所减轻,冀谷33可与玉米、小麦、棉花轮作种植。在生产中,要注意控制药量,合理轮作。展开更多
文摘New herbicide options are needed for postemergence (POST) broadleaf weed control in adzuki bean. A field study, of five experiments, was conducted over a three-year period (2014, 2015, 2016) in Ontario to evaluate the tolerance of adzuki bean to the POST application of acifluorfen (600 and 1200 g·ai·ha-1), fomesafen (240 and 480 g·ai·ha-1), bentazon (1080 and 2160 g·ai·ha-1), imazethapyr (100 and 200 g·ai·ha-1) and halosulfuron-methyl (75 and 150 g·ai·ha-1). Acifluorfen and fomesafen applied POST caused as much as 12% visible injury at the 1X rate and 20% visible injury at the 2X rate but had no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield. Bentazon caused as much as 23% visible injury at 1080 g·ai·ha-1 and 28% visible injury at 2160 g·ai·ha-1 but caused no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield at either rate, except at 2160 g·ai·ha-1 which reduced shoot dry weight 20% and height 12%. Imazethapyr caused as much as 22% visible injury at 100 g·ai·ha-1 and 34% visible injury at 200 g·ai·ha-1 but caused no adverse effect on adzuki bean population, shoot dry weight, height, maturity or yield at either rate except at 200 g·ai·ha-1 which delayed maturity slightly. Halosulfuron-methyl caused as much as 65% visible injury and reduced shoot dry weight, height and yield 64%, 41%, and 28%, respectively. This research concludes that acfluorfen, fomesafen, bentazon, imazethapyr and halosulfuron at the rates evaluated can cause the significant injury in adzuki bean.
文摘A gas chromatographic method for determining the trace residue of imazethapyr {(±)-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methtyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ehtyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid} in soil was described in this paper. The soil samples were extracted by shaking with 0.5 mol·L -1 sodium hydroxide solution. The aqueous extract was acidified with hydrocholric acid to adjust the pH to 2.0 to precipitate humic acids, then was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic extract was dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and was concentrated. After florisil cleanup, and imazethapyr is derivatized with trimethylanilinium hydroxide (TMAH). Methylated imazethapyr was analyzed by gas chromatography with a nitrogen-phosphorous dtector. The recovery of imazethapyr from soil samples are over 80%, the experimental detection limit of the method is 5ng·g -1 .
基金the Enterprise Postdoctoral Fund of Liaoning Province(BSH2005921077)
文摘The EVA-150 and starch were extruded by extruding press and the bio-degra- dation composite material was prepared to use as the controlled-release matrix of imazethapyr.The compatibility and crystallinity of EVA-150/starch blending were analyzed by SEM and DSC,and the controlled-released performance of imazethapyr in the carriers was also investigated by UV analysis.The results show that EVA-150/starch composite matrix has the obvious controlled-released function and the release rates of imazethapyr all exceed 50% in the environment of pH4,pH7,or pH9 after nine days.
文摘【目的】冀谷33是抗咪唑乙烟酸谷子(Setaria italica)品种,在生产实践中通过喷施咪唑乙烟酸除草剂可达到间苗、除草的目的,适应规模化、集约化种植。论文旨在通过研究咪唑乙烟酸对冀谷33生长发育的影响及对后茬作物的安全性,为冀谷33的应用和推广提供依据。【方法】试验于2013年5月至2015年6月在河北省农林科学院谷子研究所郄马试验站进行,试验设置0、56.25、75、112.5、150、225 g a.i./hm^26种咪唑乙烟酸剂量水平。对冀谷33生长发育的影响试验在田间进行,用药后7、10、13、16、20、25和30 d,分别调查统计苗高和鲜重;成熟期调查株高、穗长和穗径,并统计小区产量;并对小米、谷壳、植株和土壤中的残留进行检测。对后茬作物的影响试验在网室进行,研究其药后30、60 d和药后1年播种的8种后茬作物白菜、冀谷19、冀谷33、甜菜、高梁、玉米、小麦、棉花的安全性。【结果】56.25-225 g a.i./hm^2剂量下,冀谷33正常生长,无明显药害。药后不同时期对冀谷33苗高、鲜重的影响结果表明,喷药谷子苗高和鲜重与对照相比差异不显著;药后13—16 d处于拔节期初期,为苗高敏感期,药后20—25 d处于拔节期末期、孕穗期初期,为苗重敏感期,之后抑制逐渐解除,收获时冀谷33生长发育正常,产量高于对照。只有喷施225 g a.i./hm^2咪唑乙烟酸的植株中检测到(0.01±0.006)mg·kg^(-1)少量残留,低于检测限LOQ,其余处理均未检出。随着咪唑乙烟酸施药时间的增长,对后茬作物的抑制作用有所减轻,在药后1年播种的后茬作物中,株高差异显著,仅对白菜、高梁产量有显著影响。在夏谷区喷施咪唑乙烟酸的田地,冀谷33可与玉米、小麦、棉花轮作种植。【结论】施用56.25-225 g a.i./hm^2咪唑乙烟酸对冀谷33安全,对其生长发育和产量没有显著影响。随着咪唑乙烟酸施药时间的增长,对后茬作物的抑制作用有所减轻,冀谷33可与玉米、小麦、棉花轮作种植。在生产中,要注意控制药量,合理轮作。
