Critical Thrust Force Forecasting for Drilling Exit Delamination of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics

Exit delamination is excessive drilling thrust force.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the critical thrust force which cause exit delamination when carbon fibre reinforced plastics(CRFP)is drilled.According to the linear elastic fracture mechanics,the mechanics of composite material and the classical thin plate bending theory,a common theoretical model of the critical drilling thrust force for CFRP plates is established.Compared with the experimental data of previous studies,the results show that the theoretical values agree well with the experimental values.This model can be used to forecast the critical thrust force for the drilling-induced delamination of CFRP.

Assessment of Cutting Parameters Influencing on Thrust Force and Torque during Drilling Particulate Filled Glass Fabric Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Drilling is indispensable process and it cannot be avoided for joining composite structures used in various engineering applications. In this research article, the influence of drilling parameters on thrust force and torque of silica (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3) filled into glass fabric reinforced epoxy (G-E) composites are analyzed. Drilling experiments are conducted on these composite materials using BATLIBOI make radial drilling machine. Two different drill bits (HSS and cemented carbide) are used for the experimentation. The influence of drilling parameters like cutting speed and feed on thrust force and torque on drilling of particulate filled G-E composites has been carried out. The experimental results indicated that the thrust force and torque were increased with increasing feed and cutting speed for all the composites tested. Further, it is observed that the carbide drill performed better than HSS drill during drilling of particulate filled G-E composites. The drilled surfaces are examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and damage mechanisms are discussed.

Optimal design of FRMSM to decrease detent force

An optimal configuration of the flux-reversal linear synchronous motor (FRLSM) with the optimal number of attachment permanent magnets (PMs) was presented. The optimal model of 2 000 N was designed to reduce the detent force by redesigning the air-gap structure and skewing. The design parameters,mover PMs and stator core,were selected for optimal design by DOE. The thrust and the detent force of the designed optimal models were compared by finite element analysis (FEA). As a result,the thrust of the optimal model is slightly decreased by 1.97% compared with the basic model,and the detent force of the optimal model is greatly decreased by 88.47% compared with the basic model.

Research on Cogging Force Suppression for Toroidal PMLSM Based on Disturbance Observer

For a new type of toroidal permanent magnet linear motor(TPMLSM), this paper analyzes the thrust fluctuation in the constant acceleration operation of the motor from the Angle of the cogging force of the linear motor. For the motor whose structure has been determined and processed, the structural parameters of the motor cannot be changed, and its performance cannot be improved from the perspective of the motor body.Therefore, this paper tries to consider the influence of the cogging force on the normal operation of the motor from the perspective of control. In this paper, starting from the body structure of motor, first on the annular linear motor of the cogging force characteristics were extracted, and its expression is obtained by Fourier decomposition, then investigated considering the cogging force and does not consider the cogging force control of motor model, it can be seen that the control performance deteriorates significantly after considering cogging force of the motor, and the acceleration fluctuation increases significantly during the operation of the motor. On this basis, disturbance observation algorithm is introduced, and feedforward compensation is carried out by extracting the characteristic values of the disturbance model. The results show that the disturbance observer can suppress the thrust fluctuation caused by the motor cogging force to a large extent, and it can reduce the peak-to-peak value of the thrust fluctuation by more than 85% during the motor acceleration operation.

有限元仿真分析不同矫形方式治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的生物力学特征

背景:青少年特发性脊柱侧凸不对称的生物力学环境会导致椎体进一步楔形变,严重时或可影响心肺功能,压迫神经。不同侧凸程度的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸应进行运动、支具或手术治疗,然而,因患者的个体差异性,选择不同矫形方式的力学机制仍不明确。目的:基于青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者的脊柱模型,探究不同矫形方式治疗的生物力学机制,为临床治疗方式的选择提供依据。方法:基于1例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患儿脊柱CT图像,于Mimics软件中三维重建出脊柱侧凸模型(C7-L5),在T8/T9胸廓处施加横向侧推力,在C7椎体上方施加纵向撑开力,力的大小为20,40,60,80,100,120 N,分析两种矫形方式下椎间盘凹凸侧应力、椎体凹凸侧位移和脊柱Cobb角变化。结果与结论:①横向侧推力下,C7T1-T7T8椎间盘应力无明显变化,T7T8-L4L5节段凹凸侧应力随着侧推力的增加先减小后增大,侧推力对T8T9附近节段的矫正效果明显,随着节段延伸至头端和尾端,矫正效果减弱;侧推120 N时,胸部Cobb角由53.2°变为32.5°,腰部Cobb角由50.2°变为43.9°;②纵向撑开力下,胸椎椎间盘应力先减小后增大,腰椎椎间盘应力均减小,C7位移最明显,节段延伸至尾端,矫正效果逐渐减弱;撑开力120 N时,胸部Cobb角由53.2°变为39.4°,腰部Cobb角由50.2°变为47.6°;③提示两种矫形方式均对脊柱侧凸程度有一定改善,胸部矫正大于腰部矫正,同时凹凸侧不对称的应力分布也得到改善,这有助于骨逐渐恢复正常生长;脊柱侧凸Cobb角较大时,适合采用纵向撑开方式,脊柱侧凸Cobb角较小时,适合采用横向侧推方式;研究结果有助于理解脊柱矫形机制并为矫形方式的选择提供理论依据。

Mechanical genesis of Henan(China) Yima thrust nappe structure

Considering the serious coal and rock dynamic disasters around the main slip plane called F16 in the coal mining area) of Henan Yima(China) thrust nappe structure,the mechanical genesis of the Yima thrust nappe structure was studied comprehensively using geomechanics,fault mechanics,elastic mechanics,and Coulomb's law of friction.First,using the centrifugal inertia force of Earth's rotation as a source,a mechanical model of N-S compression superimposed with W-E reverse torsion was established to explain the formation of the early Yima coal basin and Jurassic Yima Group coal measures.Second,an equation for the ultimate stress in the forming stage of F16 was derived using the plastic slip-line field theory and the parabolic Mohr failure criterion.Moreover,the distribution of ultimate stress and the geometric characteristics of the fault profile were obtained using the field model parameters.Finally,the stress field of F16 and the mechanical genesis of the large-scale reverse thrust sheet were discussed based on elastic mechanics theory and Coulomb's law of friction.The results show that the tectonic framework of the early Yima coal basin and the formation pattern of Jurassic Yima Group coal measures given by the model are consistent with the in-situ explorations.The geometric characteristics of the fault profile obtained by numerical calculation can better reflect the shape of F16 in its forming stage,and the mechanical genesis of the large-scale reverse thrust sheet also concurred with the field situations.Thus,this work can provide a foundation for further studies on the genesis of the thrust nappe structure,the mechanism of rock bursts induced by F16,and the characteristics of the residual stress field in the Yima mining area.

Modelling of thrust generated by oscillation caudal fin of underwater bionic robot

A simplified model of the thrust force is proposed based on a caudal fin oscillation of an underwater bionic robot. The caudal fin oscillation is generalized by cen- tral pattern generators （CPGs）. In this model, the drag coefficient and lift coefficient are the two critical parameters which are obtained by the digital particle image velocimetry （DPIV） and the force transducer experiment. Numerical simulation and physical experi- ments have been performed to verify this dynamic model.

高超声速大动压下整流罩分离测力风洞试验

针对高超声速试验模型整体式整流罩的反推火箭拔罩分离问题,开展了反推火箭喷流模拟方法和风洞测力试验装置设计研究,试验模拟了马赫数5、动压33 kPa时整流罩反推喷流干扰效应和分离距离影响,获得了反推喷流和分离距离影响下的整流罩气动特性。试验研究表明:反推火箭拔罩分离过程中,喷流干扰作用主导了整流罩的气动特性,使得法向力系数、轴向力系数和俯仰力矩系数分别出现了44.5%、32.4%和198.6%的最大变化量;在负迎角下,整流罩压心前移显著,使得静稳定设计的整流罩呈现出静不稳定性,不利于整流罩安全分离;分离距离越大,分离距离变化对整流罩气动特性的影响越弱;将分离初始迎角限定为小的正迎角,整流罩在分离过程中容易保持姿态稳定,有利于整流罩安全分离。

基于比例谐振内模扩张状态观测器的PMLSM推力波动抑制策略

定位力是永磁同步直线电机(PMLSM)产生推力波动的主要原因,导致振动和噪声,恶化驱动系统运行性能。针对这一问题,该文提出一种基于比例谐振内模扩张状态观测器(PR-IMESO)的PMLSM推力波动抑制策略以提高系统控制精度和运行性能。首先,对PMLSM推力波动进行建模与分析,针对推力波动中占比较大的定位力分量,根据内模原理研究考虑定位力模型的内模扩张状态观测器(IMESO),并在观测器中引入谐振项以加强对二次脉动定位力的抑制。所提出抑制策略对PMLSM定位力具有良好的观测及补偿能力,还可对其余未建模的复杂动子推力波动进行抑制,具有较好的推力波动整体抑制效果。最后,在一台750 W的PMLSM实验平台上验证所提出抑制策略的有效性。

GFRP/Al叠层材料钻削力与制孔质量的实验研究

复合材料与金属组成的叠层结构已在航空航天领域广泛使用,然而在复合材料/金属叠层结构上钻削高质量的孔仍是一个挑战。本文旨在研究钻削工艺参数对GFRP/Al叠层材料钻削轴向力和制孔表面质量的影响。使用普通硬质合金麻花钻对GFRP/Al叠层材料进行“一次性”钻孔,并通过Kistler测力仪测量钻削轴向力。结果表明,最大钻削轴向力随每转进给量增加几乎线性增加,随主轴转速增加小幅降低。钻削工艺参数影响铝合金和GFRP制孔表面质量,高每转进给量会降低铝合金制孔出口毛刺,但是会增加GFRP制孔出口损伤;高主轴转速会增加铝合金制孔出口毛刺和GFRP制孔出口损伤。与每转进给量相比,主轴转速对铝合金和GFRP制孔质量影响更大。

高速线切割机床上丝辅助装置设计

现有高速线切割机床的上丝装置在上丝过程中易发生断丝与张紧力不均衡现象,降低了机床切削稳定性和工件加工质量。通过分析现有装置的结构,提出增加推力球轴承,以防止锁紧螺母跟转而导致储丝盘卡顿引起断丝;根据丝线的拉力计算出弹簧压缩量及其他相关参数。经I-DEAS软件建模、装配、仿真表明,该装置可以满足生产要求。

碳纤维复合材料纵扭超声振动辅助钻孔仿真研究

针对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)钻孔易发生缺陷、孔的质量难保证和效率低等问题,基于Hashin准则和PUCK准则构建碳纤维复合材料本构模型子程序,建立CFRP纵扭超声振动辅助钻孔三维实体有限元模型。与普通钻孔过程的轴向力变化情况进行对比,分析主轴转速、进给速度、频率、振幅、纤维铺层角度和钻头顶角对轴向力的影响。结果表明:轴向力随进给速度、频率和钻头顶角的增大而增大,随主轴转速增大而减小,随振幅增大先减小后增大,随纤维铺层角度增大先增大后减小。

推力轴承对水轮发电机组轴系横向振动特性的影响

建立包含3个导轴承与1个推力轴承联合支承的某300 MW水轮发电机组轴系有限元模型,应用有限元方法研究了推力轴承对轴系横向振动的影响,计算分析了推力轴承弯曲刚度和轴向刚度对轴系横向振动的影响,并研究了发电机转子不平衡量与相位差对轴系振动的影响。结果表明:与不考虑推力轴承相比,考虑推力轴承弯曲刚度时,机组轴系在额定转速下一~三阶固有频率依次增大5.35%、1.89%和1.56%;机组在额定转速下运行,当发电机转子处不平衡量为100 kg·m且相位差为180°时,若弯曲刚度取8.2×106 N/m,下导轴承、上导轴承、推力轴承与集电装置处横向振幅分别降低约17.44%、6.72%、17.04%和28.76%,当不平衡量为100 kg·m且相位差为0°时,若考虑弯曲刚度,各部件横向振幅依次降低约3.31%、2.78%、9.46%和15.01%。

剪叉式升降工作平台的力学计算

叉臂是剪叉式升降工作平台的关键部件,将其作为研究对象,利用虚位移方法建立剪叉式升降工作平台的力学模型,推导液压缸推力和铰点力的通用表达式,分析液压缸推力和铰点力的变化趋势,为剪叉式升降工作平台的设计计算和零部件选型提供依据。

保压取心钻具球阀工作动力学分析

保压取心技术可以使取出的岩心保持在原位状态下,最大限度地减少岩心重要数据的丢失,进而准确获取地下矿产资源储量和地层参数。本文利用数值模拟研究保压取心钻具的球阀机构,探索其动力学特性,优化球阀机构,增加其密封可靠性。分析结果表明,随着关闭推力的增大,球阀关闭时间缩短,产生的振动增大,易造成密封失效,需选择较小的推力提高密封的可靠性;随着接触面摩擦系数的降低,产生的振动反而增加;翻转到位后球阀在30 MPa条件下,其应力、应变皆在球阀的许可范围内,满足使用需求。该项研究对于指导球阀机构的优化设计及提高其工作可靠性具有重要的意义。

基于直接推力控制的直驱波浪发电系统功率优化

为提升系统波能捕获能力,分析浮子受力,以状态空间法近似拟合辐射力,建立直驱式波浪发电系统数学模型。基于最优控制理论,以系统捕获波能为目标函数,在S域求解Hamilton方程,计算奇异最优控制率,经拉氏逆变换后得到理想电磁力信号。结合直接推力控制,设计二阶滑模控制方案,保证电机推力与初级磁链的跟踪效果。仿真结果表明,所提最优功率方案下系统捕获功率高,滑模控制器跟踪误差小、动态性能好,可提高波能转化率,有效降低推力与初级磁链脉动,增强系统鲁棒性。

Experimental and analytical investigation on friction resistance force between buried coated pressurized steel pipes and soil

This paper presents an analytical approach for estimating frictional resistance to pipe movement at soil and external pipe surface of buried coated pressurized steel pipes relative to the internal thrust force.The proposed analytical method was developed based on 36 experiments,which involved three coating types(cement mortar(CM),polyurethane type-I(PT-I),prefabricated plastic tape(PPT))on pipes’surfaces,three different soils(pea-gravel(PG),sand(S),silty-clay(SC)),and four simulated over burden depths above the pipe’s crown.Investigation showed frictional resistance decreased with increasing over burden depth above the pipe’s crown.The degree of frictional resistance at the pipe-soil interface was found to be in the order of PG>SC>S for all coating variations and overburden depths.CM coated pipe buried in all three types of soil produced significantly higher frictional resistance as compared to other coating types.Based on experimental data,the developed analytical introduced a dimensionless factor“Z”,which included effects of types of coatings,soil,and overburden depths for simplified rapid calculation.Analysis showed that the method provided a better prediction of frictional resistance forces,in comparison to previous analytical methods,which were barely close in predicting friction resistance for different coating variations,soil types,and overburden depths.Friction resistance force values reported herein could be considered conservative.

Orbit determination and thrust force modeling for a maneuvered GEO satellite using two-way adaptive Kalman filtering

A two-way adaptive Kalman filter is proposed by combining a two-way filter with an adaptive filter for orbit determination of a maneuvered GEO satellite.A method of using Newton's high-resolution differential formula and polynomial fitting for modeling the thrust force of a maneuvered GEO satellite is developed.The adaptive factor,which balances the contributions of the measurements and the dynamic model information,is determined by using a two-segment function and predicted residual statistics.Simulations with a maneuvered GEO satellite tracked by the Chinese ground tracking network were conducted to verify the performance of the proposed orbit determination technique and the method of thrust force modeling.The results show that refining the thrust force model is beneficial for the orbit determination of a maneuvered GEO satellite;the two-way adaptive Kalman filter can efficiently control the influence of the dynamic model errors on the orbit state estimate.

大型立式多级离心泵轴向力平衡装置研究

针对多级离心泵轴向力平衡问题,对大型立式多级泵轴向力平衡装置展开了研究,并分析对比了其在不同流量和泵级数下的轴向力平衡效果。通过数值模拟和试验研究,对立式多级泵轴向力和平衡装置推力进行了计算与分析,比较了不同工况下轴向力和推力的变化趋势及轴向力平衡效果。结果表明,多级泵轴向力、平衡装置推力与流量呈负相关,而轴向力平衡效果随着流量增大而加强;随着泵级数增加,多级泵轴向力呈现上升趋势,并且立式多级泵轴向力与泵级数呈非线性倍数关系,六级泵轴向力约为三级泵的2.5倍,推力装置的轴向力平衡效果随着泵级数增加而弱化;该轴向力平衡装置能够有效平衡大型立式多级离心泵轴向力,在各工况下能够平衡多级泵50%以上的轴向力;基于扬程估算推力与试验结果相近,可作为平衡装置推力快速估算方法。研究结果可为多级离心泵的设计及应用提供参考。

正交柔顺矢量测力系统的设计和性能分析

针对多分支正交柔顺矢量测力系统的设计难题,提出了梁连接单元模拟测力元件的方法;采用该方法建立了测力分支及矢量测力系统的有限元模型,并对6种分支形式和平面布局形式进行了结构特点分析。在此基础上,结合矢量测力系统案例,通过有限元模型进行参数详细设计,最终获得了结构紧凑且耦合较小的方案。对台架的3个载荷分量(轴向力、法向力、俯仰力矩)进行了校准试验,其中,校准的不确定度均在0.5%满量程(Full Scale,FS)左右。针对大载荷矢量测力系统加载精度对校准测量的影响较大的问题,提出了基于载荷与测量比值的性能评估方法,采用该方法,得到设计的矢量测力系统的3个分量的测量重复性在0.4%FS左右,大量程测量滞后性在0.7%FS以内。研究成果对于正交矢量测力系统的结构设计和性能分析具有一定的参考意义。