Recent Advances in Immobilization Strategies for Biomolecules in Sensors Using Organic Field-Eff ect Transistors

Organic fi eld-eff ect transistors(OFETs)are fabricated using organic semiconductors(OSCs)as the active layer in the form of thin fi lms.Due to its advantages of high sensitivity,low cost,compact integration,fl exibility,and printability,OFETs have been used extensively in the sensing area.For analysis platforms,the construction of sensing layers is a key element for their effi cient detection capability.The strategy used to immobilize biomolecules in these devices is especially important for ensuring that the sensing functions of the OFET are eff ective.Generally,analysis platforms are developed by modifying the gate/electrolyte or OSC/electrolyte interface using biomolecules,such as enzymes,antibodies,or deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA)to ensure high selectivity.To provide better or more convenient biological immobilization methods for researchers in this fi eld and thereby improve detection sensitivity,this review summarizes recent developments in the immobilization strategies used for biological macromolecules in OFETs,including cross-linking,physical adsorption,embedding,and chemical covalent binding.The infl uences of biomolecules on device performance are also discussed.

Microfluidic reactor with immobilized enzyme-from construction to applications:A review

Microfluidic,as the systems for using microchannel(micron-or sub-micron scale)to process or manipulate microflow,is being widely applied in enzyme biotechnology and biocatalysis.Microfluidic immobilized enzyme reactor(MIER)is a tool with great value for the study of catalytic property and optimal reaction parameter in a flourishing and highly producing manner.In view of its advantages in efficiency,economy,and addressable recognition especially,MIER occupies an important position in the investigation of life science,including molecular biology,bioanalysis and biosensing,biocatalysis etc.Immobilization of enzymes can generally improve their stability,and upon most occasions,the immobilized enzyme is endowed with recyclability.In this review,the enzyme immobilization techniques applied in MIER will be discussed,followed by summarizing the novel developments in the field of MIER for biocatalysis,bioconversion and bioanalysis.The preponderances and deficiencies of the current state-of-the-art preparation ways of MIER are peculiarly discussed.In addition,the prospects of its future study are outlined.