Oral prescription medical foods have long been used in hospital settings but are also appropriate therapies for gastrointestinal disorders in outpatient medical practice.Oral serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protei...Oral prescription medical foods have long been used in hospital settings but are also appropriate therapies for gastrointestinal disorders in outpatient medical practice.Oral serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate(SBI) has been shown in clinical studies to reduce loose stools and improve stool consistency as well as other symptoms(i.e.,abdominal pain,bloating,and urgency) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea(IBS-D) and human immunodeficiency virus-associated enteropathy.This case series reports the outcomes of 14 IBS patients who received SBI as an addition to standard of care at an individual physician's clinical practice.The patients:2 IBS with constipation(IBS-C),7 IBS-D,2 mixed diarrhea and constipation IBS(IBS-M) and 3 undefined IBS(IBS-U; also described by some physicians as IBS-Bloating),ranged in age from 22-87 years.SBI(5 g or 10 g daily dose) was added to the patient's current standard care and followed for several weeks to determine if symptoms were improved with the addition of SBI.Overall,12 of the 14 patients indicated some level of improvement through direct questioning of the patients regarding changes from the prior visit.One IBS-Bloating patient had a resolution of symptoms and two patients(1 IBS-Bloating and 1 IBS-C) discontinued therapy because of insufficient relief.The 12 patients who continued on therapy reported an overall improvement in symptoms with better stool consistency,decreased frequency as well as reductions in abdominal pain,bloating,distention,and incontinence.In most cases,therapeutic effects of SBI were seen within the first four weeks of therapy with continued improvements at subsequent visits.SBI has a multifaceted mechanism of action and may help to manage IBS by providing a distinct protein source required to normalize bowel function,gastrointestinal microbiota,and nutritionally enhance tight junction protein expression between intestinal epithelial cells.SBI as a medical food provides a safe option for patients with IBS-D but may have application in other forms of IBS.展开更多
Human colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancies and the prognosis for patients with recurrent or metastatic disease is extremely poor. Although new chemotherapeutic regimen improves surv...Human colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancies and the prognosis for patients with recurrent or metastatic disease is extremely poor. Although new chemotherapeutic regimen improves survival rates, therapy with better efficacy and less adverse effects is drastically needed. Immunotherapy has been investigated in human CRC for decades with limited success. However, recent developments of immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, have achieved promising clinical benefits in many types of cancer and revived the hope for utilizing such therapy in human CRC. In this review, we will discuss important immunological landscape within the CRC microenvironment and introduce immunoscore system to better describe immunophenotyping in CRC. We will also discuss different immunotherapeutic approaches currently utilized in different phases of clinical trials. Some of those completed or ongoing trials are summarized. Finally, we provide a brief prospective on the future human CRC immunotherapy.展开更多
AIM: To study the effect of 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), human leucocyte antigen-Ⅰ (HLA-Ⅰ) and NY-ESO-1 proteins in exosomes produced by hepatoma cells, HepG2 and Hep3B. METH...AIM: To study the effect of 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), human leucocyte antigen-Ⅰ (HLA-Ⅰ) and NY-ESO-1 proteins in exosomes produced by hepatoma cells, HepG2 and Hep3B. METHODS: Exosomes derived from HepG2 and Hep3B cells treated with or without 5-aza-CdR were isolated and purified by ultrafiltration centrifugation and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. The number of exosomes was counted under electron microscope. Concentration of proteins in exosomes was measured by bicinchoninic acid protein assay. Expression of HSP70, HLA-Ⅰ and NY-ESO-1 proteins in exosomes was detected by Western blotting and immunoelectron microscopy. mRNA expression of p53 gene was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: The mRNA expression of p53 gene was increased in both hepatoma cell lines after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR. The number of exosomes and the concentration of total proteins in exosomes were increased signifi cantly after treatment with 5-aza-CdR (P < 0.05). After treatment with 5-Aza-CdR, immunoelectron microscopy and Western blotting showed that the HSP70, HLA-Ⅰ and NY-ESO-1 proteins were increased in exosomes produced by both hepatoma cell lines. CONCLUSION: 5-aza-CdR, an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase, can increase exosomes produced by hepatoma cells and immune-associated protein component of exosomes, which may be mediated by p53 gene upregulation and 5-Aza-CdR demethylation.展开更多
田边制药公司宣布收买美国Immunetech公司的研究部,改名为美国Tanabe Research Laboratories USA公司(TRL,加利福尼亚州).是该公司的第一个海外研究所.是日本企业收买的第四个生物技术风险企业. 1988年8月田边制药公司就有资本参加到Imm...田边制药公司宣布收买美国Immunetech公司的研究部,改名为美国Tanabe Research Laboratories USA公司(TRL,加利福尼亚州).是该公司的第一个海外研究所.是日本企业收买的第四个生物技术风险企业. 1988年8月田边制药公司就有资本参加到Immunetech公司.这次的收买费用没有公开,估计有50亿日元左右,属于高价购买.TRL的资金为100万美元,有Immunetech公司的20名研究人员,加上田边制药派出的和新录用的共计30名.研究费一年约5亿日元.TRL的研究领域是由Immun公司延续下来的免疫和过敏症药物.公司的负责人由原Immunetech公司负责研究开发的副经理Gerald J.Yakatan、田边制药应用生物化学研究所土佐哲也、田边制药基础生物研究所长岩泽义郎三人担任.展开更多
目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(primary central nervous system lymphomas,PCNSL)的临床特征、病理类型及构成比率,分析PCNSL的EBV感染率、c-MYC、BCL-2及BCL-6基因异常及免疫球蛋白基因重排情况。方法回顾性分析167例PCNSL的临床...目的探讨原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(primary central nervous system lymphomas,PCNSL)的临床特征、病理类型及构成比率,分析PCNSL的EBV感染率、c-MYC、BCL-2及BCL-6基因异常及免疫球蛋白基因重排情况。方法回顾性分析167例PCNSL的临床病理资料,总结其临床特征、病理类型及构成比率;原位杂交技术检测PCNSL中EBV编码的小RNA(EBER);荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术检测c-MYC、BCL-2、BCL-6基因扩增及断裂重排情况;免疫球蛋白基因重排检测Ig H和Ig K。结果 PCNSL占所有淋巴瘤的0. 95%;大多为单一病灶,约占60%,且多位于浅部脑组织(66. 93%)及小脑幕上(87. 40%),最常累及额叶和颞叶,51～60岁为发病高峰期。PCNSL中霍奇金淋巴瘤(Hodgkin’s lymphoma,HL)仅1例;非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,NHL) 166例:B细胞淋巴瘤占158例,其中弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,DLBCL)最常见; T/NK细胞淋巴瘤8例,其中以ALK阳性间变大细胞淋巴瘤多见。13例原发性中枢神经系统弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(primary central nervous system-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma,PCNS-DLBCL) EBER均阴性; 11例PCNS-DLBCL中1例c-MYC基因拷贝数增加,未见断裂重排; 1例BCL-2基因拷贝数增加,未见断裂重排; 2例BCL-6基因拷贝数增加,1例断裂重排;免疫球蛋白Ig H和Ig K呈克隆性重排。结论 PCNSL病理类型多样,HL和NHL均可发生,以PCNSDLBCL最多见,T细胞来源的淋巴瘤以ALK阳性间变大细胞淋巴瘤多见,51～60岁为发病高峰期。展开更多
文摘Oral prescription medical foods have long been used in hospital settings but are also appropriate therapies for gastrointestinal disorders in outpatient medical practice.Oral serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate(SBI) has been shown in clinical studies to reduce loose stools and improve stool consistency as well as other symptoms(i.e.,abdominal pain,bloating,and urgency) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea(IBS-D) and human immunodeficiency virus-associated enteropathy.This case series reports the outcomes of 14 IBS patients who received SBI as an addition to standard of care at an individual physician's clinical practice.The patients:2 IBS with constipation(IBS-C),7 IBS-D,2 mixed diarrhea and constipation IBS(IBS-M) and 3 undefined IBS(IBS-U; also described by some physicians as IBS-Bloating),ranged in age from 22-87 years.SBI(5 g or 10 g daily dose) was added to the patient's current standard care and followed for several weeks to determine if symptoms were improved with the addition of SBI.Overall,12 of the 14 patients indicated some level of improvement through direct questioning of the patients regarding changes from the prior visit.One IBS-Bloating patient had a resolution of symptoms and two patients(1 IBS-Bloating and 1 IBS-C) discontinued therapy because of insufficient relief.The 12 patients who continued on therapy reported an overall improvement in symptoms with better stool consistency,decreased frequency as well as reductions in abdominal pain,bloating,distention,and incontinence.In most cases,therapeutic effects of SBI were seen within the first four weeks of therapy with continued improvements at subsequent visits.SBI has a multifaceted mechanism of action and may help to manage IBS by providing a distinct protein source required to normalize bowel function,gastrointestinal microbiota,and nutritionally enhance tight junction protein expression between intestinal epithelial cells.SBI as a medical food provides a safe option for patients with IBS-D but may have application in other forms of IBS.
文摘Human colorectal cancer(CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancies and the prognosis for patients with recurrent or metastatic disease is extremely poor. Although new chemotherapeutic regimen improves survival rates, therapy with better efficacy and less adverse effects is drastically needed. Immunotherapy has been investigated in human CRC for decades with limited success. However, recent developments of immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, have achieved promising clinical benefits in many types of cancer and revived the hope for utilizing such therapy in human CRC. In this review, we will discuss important immunological landscape within the CRC microenvironment and introduce immunoscore system to better describe immunophenotyping in CRC. We will also discuss different immunotherapeutic approaches currently utilized in different phases of clinical trials. Some of those completed or ongoing trials are summarized. Finally, we provide a brief prospective on the future human CRC immunotherapy.
基金Supported by Capital Medical Development Scientif ic Research Fund, No. 2005-3086
文摘AIM: To study the effect of 5-Aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) on heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), human leucocyte antigen-Ⅰ (HLA-Ⅰ) and NY-ESO-1 proteins in exosomes produced by hepatoma cells, HepG2 and Hep3B. METHODS: Exosomes derived from HepG2 and Hep3B cells treated with or without 5-aza-CdR were isolated and purified by ultrafiltration centrifugation and sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. The number of exosomes was counted under electron microscope. Concentration of proteins in exosomes was measured by bicinchoninic acid protein assay. Expression of HSP70, HLA-Ⅰ and NY-ESO-1 proteins in exosomes was detected by Western blotting and immunoelectron microscopy. mRNA expression of p53 gene was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: The mRNA expression of p53 gene was increased in both hepatoma cell lines after treatment with 5-Aza-CdR. The number of exosomes and the concentration of total proteins in exosomes were increased signifi cantly after treatment with 5-aza-CdR (P < 0.05). After treatment with 5-Aza-CdR, immunoelectron microscopy and Western blotting showed that the HSP70, HLA-Ⅰ and NY-ESO-1 proteins were increased in exosomes produced by both hepatoma cell lines. CONCLUSION: 5-aza-CdR, an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase, can increase exosomes produced by hepatoma cells and immune-associated protein component of exosomes, which may be mediated by p53 gene upregulation and 5-Aza-CdR demethylation.
