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Exploring the modulatory role of bovine lactoferrin on the microbiome and the immune response in healthy and Shiga toxin‑producing E.coli challenged weaned piglets
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作者 Matthias Dierick Ruben Ongena +2 位作者 Daisy Vanrompay Bert Devriendt Eric Cox 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第3期1278-1291,共14页
Background Post-weaned piglets suffer from F18+Escherichia coli(E.coli)infections resulting in post-weaning diar-rhoea or oedema disease.Frequently used management strategies,including colistin and zinc oxide,have con... Background Post-weaned piglets suffer from F18+Escherichia coli(E.coli)infections resulting in post-weaning diar-rhoea or oedema disease.Frequently used management strategies,including colistin and zinc oxide,have contrib-uted to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.Novel antimicrobials capable of directly interacting with pathogens and modulating the host immune responses are being investigated.Lactoferrin has shown promising results against porcine enterotoxigenic E.coli strains,both in vitro and in vivo.Results We investigated the influence of bovine lactoferrin(bLF)on the microbiome of healthy and infected weaned piglets.Additionally,we assessed whether bLF influenced the immune responses upon Shiga toxin-producing E.coli(STEC)infection.Therefore,2 in vivo trials were conducted:a microbiome trial and a challenge infection trial,using an F18+STEC strain.BLF did not affect theα-andβ-diversity.However,bLF groups showed a higher relative abundance(RA)for the Actinobacteria phylum and the Bifidobacterium genus in the ileal mucosa.When analysing the immune response upon infection,the STEC group exhibited a significant increase in F18-specific IgG serum levels,whereas this response was absent in the bLF group.Conclusion Taken together,the oral administration of bLF did not have a notable impact on theα-andβ-diversity of the gut microbiome in weaned piglets.Nevertheless,it did increase the RA of the Actinobacteria phylum and Bifi-dobacterium genus,which have previously been shown to play an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis.Furthermore,bLF administration during STEC infection resulted in the absence of F18-specific serum IgG responses. 展开更多
关键词 E.COLI immune modulation LACTOFERRIN MICROBIOME
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Harnessing immunity:Immunomodulatory therapies in COVID-19
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作者 Tsvetelina Velikova Hristo Valkov +3 位作者 Anita Aleksandrova Monika Peshevska-Sekulovska Metodija Sekulovski Russka Shumnalieva 《World Journal of Virology》 2024年第2期34-47,共14页
An overly exuberant immune response,characterized by a cytokine storm and uncontrolled inflammation,has been identified as a significant driver of severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases.Consequently,decipherin... An overly exuberant immune response,characterized by a cytokine storm and uncontrolled inflammation,has been identified as a significant driver of severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cases.Consequently,deciphering the intricacies of immune dysregulation in COVID-19 is imperative to identify specific targets for intervention and modulation.With these delicate dynamics in mind,immunomodulatory therapies have emerged as a promising avenue for miti-gating the challenges posed by COVID-19.Precision in manipulating immune pathways presents an opportunity to alter the host response,optimizing antiviral defenses while curbing deleterious inflammation.This review article compre-hensively analyzes immunomodulatory interventions in managing COVID-19.We explore diverse approaches to mitigating the hyperactive immune response and its impact,from corticosteroids and non-steroidal drugs to targeted biologics,including anti-viral drugs,cytokine inhibitors,JAK inhibitors,convalescent plasma,monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,cell-based therapies(i.e.,CAR T,etc.).By summarizing the current evidence,we aim to provide a clear roadmap for clinicians and researchers navigating the complex landscape of immunomodulation in COVID-19 treatment.CS Glucocorticoids are among the most widely prescribed drugs with their immune-suppressive and anti-inflammatory effect[84].The current guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19 recommend against the use of dexamethasone or other systemic CS in non-hospitalized patients in the absence of another indication[70].The RECOVERY trial demonstrates the reduced 28-d mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 using dexamethasone compared to the usual standard of care,along with other investigators,such as Ahmed and Hassan[85].The benefit of dexamethasone was seen only among participants receiving either oxygen alone or invasive mechanical ventilation at randomization but not among those receiving no respiratory support at enrollment[85].In a systematic review and meta-analysis,Albuquerque et al[86]showed that in comparison to tocilizumab,baricitinib,and sarilumab are associated with high probabilities of similar mortality reductions among hospitalized COVID-19 concurrently treated with CS.As a result of the absence of SARS-CoV-2-specific antiviral medications,the effectiveness of COVID-19 treatments is reduced.Several COVID-19 therapies are now under investigation.However,the majority of them lack specificity,efficacy,and safety[87].Immunotherapy is a ground-breaking medical treatment that manipulates the immune system to fight diseases.Translational research is rapidly progressing,recognized as a significant breakthrough in 2013[88].Among the immunotherapeutic options for treating COVID-19 are Immunoglobulin,CP,antibodies,mAbs(mAbs),NK cells,T cells,TLR,cytokine therapies and immune modulators. 展开更多
关键词 IMMUNOMODULATION COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 IMMUNOTHERAPY Antiviral immune response Cytokine storm Adaptive immunity Therapeutic strategies immune modulators Viral infection Host immune response
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Multifaceted role of haptoglobin:Implications for disease development
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作者 Chun-Han Cheng Wen-Rui Hao Tzu-Hurng Cheng 《World Journal of Hematology》 2024年第3期1-6,共6页
Haptoglobin,a protein primarily recognized for its role in sequestering free hemoglobin,has been identified as a molecule with diverse and underexplored functions in the pathophysiology of various diseases.This editor... Haptoglobin,a protein primarily recognized for its role in sequestering free hemoglobin,has been identified as a molecule with diverse and underexplored functions in the pathophysiology of various diseases.This editorial explores the multifaceted roles of haptoglobin,highlighting its involvement in inflammatory responses and immune regulation and its potential implications in chronic diseases such as diabetes,cardiovascular disorders,and cancer.Through a synthesis of recent research findings,this editorial reveals the importance of haptoglobin in disease mechanisms and underscores the need for further investigation to fully elucidate its therapeutic potential.A comprehensive understanding of haptoglobin’s novel functions may catalyze the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in clinical practice. 展开更多
关键词 HAPTOGLOBIN Disease development INFLAMMATION immune modulation Therapeutic potential
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Effect of Astragalus polysaccharides on Erythrocyte Immune Adherence of Chickens Inoculated with Infectious Bursal Disease Virus 被引量:22
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作者 LI Hong-quan Lloyd Reeve-Johnson WANGJun-dong 《Agricultural Sciences in China》 CAS CSCD 2007年第11期1402-1408,共7页
Two hundred and forty specific pathogen free leghorn chickens were randomly divided into four groups and reared in isolated pens. The tested chickens were negative to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) at 25 d o... Two hundred and forty specific pathogen free leghorn chickens were randomly divided into four groups and reared in isolated pens. The tested chickens were negative to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) at 25 d old. Group 1 was treated with saline, whereas Groups 2, 3, and 4 were inoculated with 0.3 mL IBDV suspension intranasally the next day. Groups 3 and 4 were also administered with Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) intramuscularly twice daily at 5 or 10 mg kg-1 BW, respectively, until 31 d old. The erythrocyte-C3b receptor rosette rate (E-C3bRR) and the erythrocyte-C3b immune complex rosette rate (E-ICRR) were measured at 25, 29, 32, 35, and 38 d old. The results showed that IBDV significantly reduced E-C3bRR and E-ICRR when compared with the control group (P 〈 0.05), while simultaneous administration of APS with 1BDV maintained E-C3bRR at similar levels to the control group (P 〉 0.05) and increased E-ICRR when compared with the control group and the group non-treated with APS (P 〈 0.05). APS treatment reduced the morbidity and mortality of chickens inoculated with IBDV (P 〈 0.05). The results suggest that APS may enhance the immune adherence of chickens erythrocytes by affecting the activity and/or the number of complement receptors on the erythrocyte membrane. These findings can be beneficial in providing an understanding of the basic mechanisms required for the rational application of APS in modern medicine. 展开更多
关键词 Astragalus polysaccharides CHICKEN infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) ERYTHROCYTE immune modulation herbal therapy
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Enteral nutrition and immune modulation of acute pancreatitis 被引量:25
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作者 Refaat A Hegazi Tiffany De Witt 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2014年第43期16101-16105,共5页
Enteral nutrition has been strongly recommended by major scientific societies for the nutritional management of patients with acute pancreatitis.Providing severe acute pancreatitis patients with enteral nutrition with... Enteral nutrition has been strongly recommended by major scientific societies for the nutritional management of patients with acute pancreatitis.Providing severe acute pancreatitis patients with enteral nutrition within the first 24-48 h of hospital admission can help improve outcomes compared to parenteral nutrition and no feeding.New research is focusing in on when and what to feed to best improve outcomes for acute pancreatitis patients.Early enteral nutrition have the potential to modulate the immune responses.Despite this consistent evidence of early enteral nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis,clinical practice continues to vary due to individual clinician preference.Achieving the immune modulating effects of enteral nutrition heavily depend on proper placement of the feeding tube and managing any tube feeding associated complications.The current article reviews the immune modulating effects of enteral nutrition and pro-and prebiotics and suggests some practical tools that help improve the patient adherence and tolerance to the tube feeding.Proper selection of the type of the tube,close monitoring of the tube for its placement,patency and securing its proper placement and routine checking the gastric residual volume could all help improve the outcome.Using peptide-based and high medium chaintriglycerides feeding formulas help improving feeding tolerance. 展开更多
关键词 Enteral nutrition Acute pancreatitis immune modulating
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Role of inflammasome regulation on immune modulators 被引量:5
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作者 Huijeong Ahn Hyuk Moo Kwon +3 位作者 Eunsong Lee Pyeung-Hyeun Kim Eui-Bae Jeung Geun-Shik Lee 《The Journal of Biomedical Research》 CAS CSCD 2018年第6期401-410,共10页
Inflammatory responses are essential in eliminating harmful substrates from damaged tissue and inducing recovery.Several cytokines participate in and facilitate this response. Certain cytokines such as interleukin(IL... Inflammatory responses are essential in eliminating harmful substrates from damaged tissue and inducing recovery.Several cytokines participate in and facilitate this response. Certain cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-1β and IL-18 are initially produced in precursor form in response to toll-like receptor(TLR) ligands and undergo maturation by inflammasomes, which are cytosolic multi-protein complexes containing nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-containing protein 2-like receptors(NLRs). Immune modulators targeting inflammasomes have been investigated to control inflammatory diseases such as metabolic syndrome. However, most immune modulators possessing anti-inflammasome properties attenuate production of other cytokines, which are essential for host defense. In this review, we analyzed the effect of anti-inflammasome agents on the production of cytokines which are not regulated by inflammasome and involving in initial immune responses. As a result, the infiammasome inhibitors are put into three categories: non-effector, stimulator, or inhibitor of cytokine production. Even the stimulator of cytokine production ameliorated symptoms resulting from inflammasome activation in mouse models. Thus, we suggest ideal immune modulators targeting inflammasomes in order to enhance cytokine production while inhibiting cytokine maturation. 展开更多
关键词 immune modulator INFLAMMASOME MACROPHAGES INTERLEUKIN-1Β
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Radiotherapy as an immune checkpoint blockade combination strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma 被引量:2
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作者 Byung Min Lee Jinsil Seong 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2021年第10期919-927,共9页
In the immune oncology era,the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)against most solid cancers is well known.In hepatocellular carcinoma,the recent success of combination therapy with targeting agent... In the immune oncology era,the clinical efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)against most solid cancers is well known.In hepatocellular carcinoma,the recent success of combination therapy with targeting agents has accelerated the search for novel combination strategies.Radiotherapy(RT),an attractive modality,can be combined with ICIs,which act as strong modulators of the tumor immune microenvironment.Herein,we discuss immune modulation caused by radiation and the current trials of RT-ICI combination treatment as well as future perspectives. 展开更多
关键词 Hepatocellular carcinoma immune checkpoint inhibitor RADIOTHERAPY immune modulation Tumor microenvironment immune oncology
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STUDY ON THE MECHANISM OF ESCAPING IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE IN HUMAN GLIOMAS
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作者 浦佩玉 徐小华 《Chinese Journal of Cancer Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1998年第4期43-48,共6页
Objective: To study mechanisms by which human gliomas may escape immune surveillance Methods: The effect of supernatant (SN) obtained from cultured media of malignant glioma cell lines on the proliferation of phyto... Objective: To study mechanisms by which human gliomas may escape immune surveillance Methods: The effect of supernatant (SN) obtained from cultured media of malignant glioma cell lines on the proliferation of phytohemagglutinin p stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from healthy subjects and patients with gliomas was examined by MTT assay The immunosuppressive factor which might be existed in the SN was identified by neutralization method with specific antibodies and Northern blot hybridization of glioma cells In addition, the cellular immunity of patients with gliomas and relevant hormone and catecholamine were determined Results: It was found that the malignant glioma cells could release an immunosuppressive factor in an autocrine fashion which was further identified as the transforming growth factor β 2 (TGF β 2) It was also demonstrated that the plasma levels of norepinephrine in glioma patients were significantly reduced and correlated well with the suppression of the patients' own cellular immunity Conclusions: Two distinct mechanisms by which human gliomas may evade immune surveillance: 1 The secretion of an immunosuppressive factor which was identified as TGF β 2; 2 The dysfunction of Neuro Immune modulation in the presence of cerebral gliomas 展开更多
关键词 GLIOMA Cellular immunity Immunosuppressive factor TGF β 2 Neuro immune modulation
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Tweaking the immune system as an adjuvant for the treatment of retinal degenerations
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作者 Tiago Santos-Ferreira Marius Ader 《Annals of Eye Science》 2017年第1期53-56,共4页
Blinding diseases such as photoreceptor degenerations are debilitating conditions that severely impair daily lives of affected patients.This group of diseases are amenable to photoreceptor replacement therapies and re... Blinding diseases such as photoreceptor degenerations are debilitating conditions that severely impair daily lives of affected patients.This group of diseases are amenable to photoreceptor replacement therapies and recent transplantation studies provided proof-of-principle for functional recovery at the retinal and behavioral level,though the actual mechanism of repair still needs further investigations.The immune system responds in several ways upon photoreceptor engraftment,resulting in T-cell and macrophage infiltrations and,consequently,decrease in graft survival.Most studies on the role of the immune system suggest a detrimental effect in a therapeutic setting.Conversely,the opposite idea wherein the immune system can be activated towards a protective state was also explored in other experimental paradigms.Here,Neves and colleagues explored the potential of cross-species studies and,to a certain extent,the concept of a protective immune system in retinal degeneration and therapy.Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor(MANF)was identified in this study as a novel factor that,by modulating the immune system,can slow down photoreceptor degeneration and improve transplantation outcome. 展开更多
关键词 immune modulation RETINA retinal degeneration PHOTORECEPTOR TRANSPLANTATION retinal repair
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Viruses and autism: A Bi-mutual cause and effect
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作者 Mohammed Al-Beltagi Nermin Kamal Saeed +3 位作者 Reem Elbeltagi Adel Salah Bediwy Syed A Saboor Aftab Rawan Alhawamdeh 《World Journal of Virology》 2023年第3期172-192,共21页
Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of heterogeneous,multi-factorial,neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from genetic and environmental factors interplay.Infection is a significant trigger of autism,especially ... Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of heterogeneous,multi-factorial,neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from genetic and environmental factors interplay.Infection is a significant trigger of autism,especially during the critical developmental period.There is a strong interplay between the viral infection as a trigger and a result of ASD.We aim to highlight the mutual relationship between autism and viruses.We performed a thorough literature review and included 158 research in this review.Most of the literature agreed on the possible effects of the viral infection during the critical period of development on the risk of developing autism,especially for specific viral infections such as Rubella,Cytomegalovirus,Herpes Simplex virus,Varicella Zoster Virus,Influenza virus,Zika virus,and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.Viral infection directly infects the brain,triggers immune activation,induces epigenetic changes,and raises the risks of having a child with autism.At the same time,there is some evidence of increased risk of infection,including viral infections in children with autism,due to lots of factors.There is an increased risk of developing autism with a specific viral infection during the early developmental period and an increased risk of viral infections in children with autism.In addition,children with autism are at increased risk of infection,including viruses.Every effort should be made to prevent maternal and early-life infections and reduce the risk of autism.Immune modulation of children with autism should be considered to reduce the risk of infection. 展开更多
关键词 AUTISM Children Rubella Cytomegalovirus Herpes simplex virus Influenza virus Zika virus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Viral infection Core Tip:There is a mutual relationship between viral infections and autism.There is an increased risk of developing autism when contracting a viral infection during pregnancy or early postnatal life during the critical period of brain development.At the same time children with autism have many co-morbidities that expose them to more risk of contracting infections including viruses.Therefore every effort should be made to prevent infections especially during this critical period of neurodevelopment.Parents should also be educated about the importance of vaccination and immune modulation in children with autism to avoid further infections.
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Platelet-based bioactive systems guided precision targeting and immune regulation for cancer therapy
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作者 Xinyi Cai Long Qiu +3 位作者 Zhenying Diao Lintao Cai Ting Yin Hong Pan 《Nano Research》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第9期8269-8284,共16页
The antitumor effects of conventional drug carriers are often attenuated and limited in application by biological barriers associated with tumor heterogeneity and resistance brought about by low tumor immunogenicity.W... The antitumor effects of conventional drug carriers are often attenuated and limited in application by biological barriers associated with tumor heterogeneity and resistance brought about by low tumor immunogenicity.With the rapid development of nanotechnology,naturally derived bioactive materials,and live cell carriers,a promising strategy emerges for targeting the tumor microenvironment(TME)for precision cancer therapy.The unique injury-targeting properties of platelets can significantly extend functional activity,which cannot be achieved with conventional nanocarriers.In this review,three strategies based on platelet-engineered materials are systematically described,namely nanoparticles for platelet membrane camouflage,engineered activated platelets,and targeted-platelets nanosystems.Platelet-based nanomaterials can effectively coordinate local and distant tumor-host crosstalk with controlled active tumor site recognition and killing effects due to the presence of specific membrane proteins on the surface and the self-secretion of a large number of particles.Further advances in platelets for effectively overcoming biological barriers and reducing immune resistance in cancer immunotherapy applications will be discussed in future clinical practice.This review provides an overview of recent research advances in platelet-based bioactive material-directed immunotherapy and chemotherapy to inform future antitumor combination therapies. 展开更多
关键词 PLATELETS bionic targeting immune modulation precision therapy deep penetration
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Viral infection parameters not nucleoside analogue itself correlates with host immunity in nucleoside analogue therapy for chronic hepatitis B 被引量:16
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作者 Cheng-Zhong Li Jing-Jing Hu +5 位作者 Jian-Ya Xue Wei Yin Ya-Yun Liu Wen-Han Fan Hao Xu Xue-Song Liang 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2014年第28期9486-9496,共11页
AIM: To determine the relationship between host immunity and the characteristics of viral infection or nucleoside analogues (NAs) themselves in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) receiving NA therapy.
关键词 Chronic hepatitis B Nucleoside analogues immune modulation Programmed death-1 CD4+CD25+FoxP3+T regulatory cells
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Probiotic modulation of dendritic cells co-cultured with intestinal epithelial cells 被引量:10
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作者 Ji Yeun Kim Myeong Soo Park Geun Eog Ji 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第12期1308-1318,共11页
AIM: To investigate cytokine production and cell surface phenotypes of dendritic cells (DC) in the presence of epithelial cells stimulated by probiotics.METHODS: Mouse DC were cultured alone or together with mouse... AIM: To investigate cytokine production and cell surface phenotypes of dendritic cells (DC) in the presence of epithelial cells stimulated by probiotics.METHODS: Mouse DC were cultured alone or together with mouse epithelial cell monolayers in normal or in- verted systems and were stimulated with heat-killed probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium lactis ADO 11 (BL), Bifidobacterium bilfidum BGN4 (BB), Lactobacillus casei IBS041 (LC), and Lactobacillus acidophilus AD031 (LA), for 12 h. Cytokine levels in the culture supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent as say and phenotypic analysis of DC was investigated by flow cytometry.RESULTS: BB and LC in singlecultured DC increased the expression of I-Ad, CD86 and CD40 (I-Ad, 18.51 vs 30.88, 46.11, CD86, 62.74 vs 92.7, 104.12; CD40, 0.67 vs 6.39, 3.37, P 〈 0.05). All of the experimental probiot-ics increased the production of inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. However, in the normal coculture systems, LC and LA decreased the expression of I-A^α (39.46 vs 30.32, 33.26, P 〈 0.05), and none of the experimental probiotics increased the levels of IL-6 or TNF-α. In the inverted coculture systems, LC decreased the expression of CD40 (1.36 vs -2.27, P 〈 0.05), and all of the experimental probiotics decreased the levels of IL-6. In addition, BL increased the production of IL-10 (103.8 vs 166.0, P 〈 0.05) and LC and LA increased transforming growth factor-13 secretion (235.9 vs 618.9, 607.6, P 〈 0.05).CONCLUSION: These results suggest that specific pro- biotic strains exert differential immune modulation mediated by the interaction of dendritic cells and epithelial cells in the homeostasis of gastrointestinal tract. 展开更多
关键词 Dendritic cells Intestinal epithelial cells Pro-biotics CO-CULTURE immune modulation
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Specific CD8^+ T cell response immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and viral hepatitis 被引量:14
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作者 Elia Moreno-Cubero Juan-Ramón Larrubia 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS 2016年第28期6469-6483,共15页
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are characterized by exhaustion of the specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell response. This process involves enhancement of... Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are characterized by exhaustion of the specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell response. This process involves enhancement of negative co-stimulatory molecules, such as programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), 2B4, Tim-3, CD160 and LAG-3, which is linked to intrahepatic overexpression of some of the cognate ligands, such as PD-L1, on antigen presenting cells and thereby favouring a tolerogenic environment. Therapies that disrupt these negative signalling mechanisms represent promising therapeutic tools with the potential to restore reactivity of the specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell response. In this review we discuss the impressive in vitro and in vivo results that have been recently achieved in HCC, CHB and CHC by blocking these negative receptors with monoclonal antibodies against these immune checkpoint modulators. The article mainly focuses on the role of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blocking monoclonal antibodies, the first ones to have reached clinical practice. The humanized monoclonal antibodies against CTLA-4 (tremelimumab and ipilimumab) and PD-1 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) have yielded good results in testing of HCC and chronic viral hepatitis patients. Trelimumab, in particular, has shown a significant increase in the time to progression in HCC, while nivolumab has shown a remarkable effect on hepatitis C viral load reduction. The research on the role of ipilimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab on HCC is currently underway. 展开更多
关键词 Hepatocellular carcinoma CD8+ T cells immune checkpoint modulation Chronic viral hepatitis Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 Programmed cell death protein-1
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Emerging concepts in alcoholic hepatitis 被引量:4
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作者 Phoenix Fung Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos 《World Journal of Hepatology》 CAS 2017年第12期567-585,共19页
Severe alcoholic hepatitis is implicated as a costly,worldwide public health issue with high morbidity and mortality. The one-month survival for severe alcoholic hepatitis is low with mortality rates high as 30%-50%. ... Severe alcoholic hepatitis is implicated as a costly,worldwide public health issue with high morbidity and mortality. The one-month survival for severe alcoholic hepatitis is low with mortality rates high as 30%-50%. Abstinence from alcohol is the recommended firstline treatment. Although corticosteroids remain as the current evidence based option for selected patients with discriminant function > 32, improvement of short-term survival rate may be the only benefit. Identification of individuals with risk factors for the development of severe alcoholic hepatitis may provide insight to the diverse clinical spectrum and prognosis of the disease. The understanding of the complex pathophysiologic processes of alcoholic hepatitis is the key to elucidating new therapeutic treatments. Newer research describes the use of gut microbiota modification, immune modulation, stimulation of liver regeneration, caspase inhibitors, farnesoid X receptors, and the extracorporeal liver assist device to aid in hepatocellular recovery. Liver transplantation can be considered as the last medical option for patients failing conventional medical interventions. Although the preliminary data is promising in patients with low risk of recividism, controversy remains due to organ scarcity. This review article comprehensively summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, and prognostic indicators of severe alcoholic hepatitis with a focus on the current and emerging therapeutics. 展开更多
关键词 immune modulation Alcoholic hepatitis Gut microbiota modification Extracorporeal liver assist device Apoptosis inhibitors
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Antifatigue,Antioxidant and Immunoregulatory Effects of Peptides Hydrolyzed from Manchurian Walnut(Juglans mandshurica Maxim.) on Mice 被引量:8
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作者 FANG Li REN Dayong +5 位作者 CUI Lingyu LIU Chunlei WANG Ji LIU Wei MIN Weihong LIU Jingsheng 《Grain & Oil Science and Technology》 2018年第1期44-52,共9页
The Manchurian walnut(Juglans mandshurica Maxim.) is rich in proteins, whereas this resource has not been used efficiently. The antifatigue, antioxidative and immunoregulatory effects of Manchurian walnut hydrolysate ... The Manchurian walnut(Juglans mandshurica Maxim.) is rich in proteins, whereas this resource has not been used efficiently. The antifatigue, antioxidative and immunoregulatory effects of Manchurian walnut hydrolysate peptides(MWHPs)were evaluated in this study. MWHPs with a degree of hydrolysis of 32.23% were ultrafiltered and divided into three fractions,namely, high(> 10 k Da), medium(3–10 kDa), and low molecular weight(< 3 kDa), and then fed to mice continuously at doses of 200, 400 or 800 mg/(kg·d). The antifatigue, antioxidative, and immunoregulatory effects of the peptides were tested on the second and fourth weeks of MWHP administration. Results showed that low-molecular-weight MWHPs exerted significant antifatigue(prolonging swimming time, elevating liver glycogen contents, and reducing lactic acid contents), antioxidative(enhancing superoxide dismutase(SOD), GSH-Px, and catalase(CAT) activities and reducing malondialdehyde(MDA) content), and immunoregulatory(raising the immune-organ index and promoting T-lymphocyte proliferation and s Ig A secretion in the intestinal tract) effects. This research indicates that MWHPs have potential applications in health care and may be developed as a base for new functional foods. 展开更多
关键词 Manchurian walnut Hydrolysate peptide Antifatigue property Antioxidant activity immune modulation
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Role of β-microseminoprotein from prostate cancer initiationto recurrence: A mini-review 被引量:2
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作者 Nishi Karunasinghe Karen Bishop +9 位作者 Pamela Murray Yuanye Xu Megan Goudie Lance Ng Shuotun Zhu Dug Yeo Han Lynnette R Ferguson Jonathan Masters Benji Benjamin Michael Holmes 《World Journal of Clinical Urology》 2014年第1期20-30,共11页
Medline/Pubmed articles relevant to this topic were considered using the search terms ?-microseminoprotein, MSMB, prostate secretory protein of 94 amino acids and PSP94. Full articles were retrieved when the abstract ... Medline/Pubmed articles relevant to this topic were considered using the search terms ?-microseminoprotein, MSMB, prostate secretory protein of 94 amino acids and PSP94. Full articles were retrieved when the abstract was considered relevant. In addition, other data related to this topic including our own are discussed. Summary of fi ndings-?-microseminoprotein(MSMB) is increasingly being considered as a marker for prostatecancer, as reduced levels have been associated with the disease. Here we review various aspects of this protein including its biological and physiological variants, binding proteins and immune modulation; its importance as a marker for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer; prostate cancer related splice variants and its therapeutic utility. Two of the most important properties of MSMB are related to anticancer functions and immune modulation. Predominant expression of two(short and full-length) splice variants of MSMB has been observed from normal prostate and several other tissues. In benign prostate hyperplasia the short isoform is dominant, constituting 98% of this isoform, whereas in prostate cancer 96% constitute the fulllength isoform. The MSMB promoter single nucleotide polymorphism rs10993994 with the C allele functions as an activated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein binding site. This C variant of rs10993994 could be responsible for the production of splice variants under variable conditions. MSMB has binding motifs to a few known proteins including immunoglobulin G and several Cysteine-rich secretory proteins family proteins. MSMB bound to these proteins is considered as immune modulating. Use of MSMB as a urinary marker for detecting aggressive prostate cancers that could resist radiation and surgical treatments, seems possible, but needs further investigation. The ratio of MSMB splice variants could also be a possible approach in understanding prostate cancers, with higher ratios indicating severe disease. 展开更多
关键词 β-microseminoprotein Anticancer properties immune modulation Splice variants Promoter single nucleotide polymorphism rs10993994 Biochemical recurrence
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Intrahepatic CD8^+ lymphocyte trapping during tolerance induction using mushroom derived formulations:A possible role for liver in tolerance induction
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作者 Mony Shuvy Tiberiu Hershcovici +5 位作者 Lidya Zolotarov Yaron Ilan Cristina LulI-Noguera Harry Wichers Ofer Danay Dan Levanon 《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第24期3872-3878,共7页
AIM: To determine the immunomodulatory effect of Shiitake (a mushroom extract),we tested its effect on liver-mediated immune regulation in a model of immune-mediated colitis. METHODS: Four groups of mice were studied.... AIM: To determine the immunomodulatory effect of Shiitake (a mushroom extract),we tested its effect on liver-mediated immune regulation in a model of immune-mediated colitis. METHODS: Four groups of mice were studied. Colitis was induced by intracolonic instillation of TNBS in groups A and B. Groups A and C were treated daily with Shiitake extract,while groups B and D received bovine serum albumin. Mice were evaluated for development of macroscopic and microscopic. The immune effects of Shiitake were determined by FACS analysis of intra-hepatic and intrasplenic lymphocytes and IFN-γ ELISPOT assay. RESULTS: Administration of Shiitake resulted in marked alleviation of colitis,manifested by signifi cant improvement in the macroscopic and microscopic scores,and by reduction in IFN-γ-producing colonies in group A,compared to group B mice (1.5 pfu/mL vs 3.7 pfu/mL,respectively). This beneficial effect was associated with a significant increase in the intra-hepatic CD8+ lymphocyte trapping,demonstratedby an increased intrasplenic/intrahepatic CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio. These effects were accompanied by a 17% increase in the number of intrahepatic natural killer T (NKT) cells. A similar effect was observed when Shiitake was administered to animals without disease induction. CONCLUSION: Shiitake extract affected liver-mediated immune regulation by altering the NKT lymphocyte distribution and increasing intrahepatic CD8+ T lymphocyte trapping,thereby leading to alleviation of immune-mediated colitis. 展开更多
关键词 MUSHROOMS Colitis immune modulation SHIITAKE Natural killer T cell
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Historical evolution,overview,and therapeutic manipulation of costimulatory molecules
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作者 Henry Velazquez-Soto Fernanda Real Maria C Jimenez-Martinez 《World Journal of Immunology》 2022年第1期1-8,共8页
Co-stimulatory molecules are key mediators in the regulation of immune responses and knowledge of its different families,structure,and functions has improved in recent decades.Understanding the role of co-stimulatory ... Co-stimulatory molecules are key mediators in the regulation of immune responses and knowledge of its different families,structure,and functions has improved in recent decades.Understanding the role of co-stimulatory molecules in pathological processes has allowed the development of strategies to modulate cellular functions.Currently,modulation of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules has been applied in clinical applications as therapeutic targets in diseases and promising results have been achieved. 展开更多
关键词 Co-stimulatory molecules immune modulation Monoclonal antibodies Biological therapy Autoimmune diseases Oncological diseases
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Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
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作者 M. Nadeem O. Mufti +2 位作者 I. Ahsan R. Naheed S. M. Faheem 《Neuroscience & Medicine》 2016年第2期74-82,共9页
Background: A new method of immune-based therapies has been made and applied on multiple sclerosis patients in last decades. Some of these treatments have a high efficacy and reasonable side effects. In slowing diseas... Background: A new method of immune-based therapies has been made and applied on multiple sclerosis patients in last decades. Some of these treatments have a high efficacy and reasonable side effects. In slowing disease progression, present treatments have significant limitations, but often associated with significant adverse effects of immunosuppression, with having a bit low capability to counter the disability. Methods: This is a review meta-analysis of treatment of multiple sclerosis. Results: Thus a valuable aim for multiple sclerosis clinical research is to introduce more effective therapies. Conclusion: It is absolutely necessary to increase the individualized therapy planes development in respect to make better planes to disease-modifying treatments. 展开更多
关键词 immune Sequestration Multiple Sclerosis Non-Specific immune Modulation Lymphocyte-Targeted Therapy
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