CHANGES OF ANTIBODIES AGAINST ANTIGENS ENCODED BY DIFFERENT REGIONS OF HCV GENOME IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C PATIENTS TREATED WITH INTERFERON

Twenty patients with chronic hepatitis c were investigated during the treatment with interferon to explore the changes of antibodies to HCV (anti-RCV). Anti-HCV was tested with recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA) by using three antigens (C22, C33c, and C100-3) encoded by different regions of HCV genome. The changes of individual anti-HCV and ALT were compared with the change of HCV RNA. The results showed that persistent disappearance of serum HCV RNA was closely related to the changes of anti-C33c (P<0. 01) and anti-C100-3 (P<0. 005), but there was no relation between persistent ALT normality and HCV viremia clearance (P<0. 05). In conclusion, monitoring anti-C33c and anti-C100-3 could indicate the changes or HCV viremia. The normalization of ALT after interferon treatment did not indicate disappearance of HCV viremia.

Prevalence of Anti-HCV Antibodies Among Thalassemia Patients in Mosul City, Iraq

The study included 200 thalassemia patients, 120 （60%） males and 80 （40%） females, at age 2-30 years the mean age 16 years and 100 persons from blood donors at age 20-50 years, the mean age 35 years, as control group. The authors used ELISA HCV 3.0 to detect anti-HCV in serum of thalassemia patients and blood donors. The results show 17% positive, 76% negative and 7% equivocal in serum ofthalassemia patients, but show 1% positive, 98% negative, 1% equivocal in serum of blood donors. The results show significant difference in P ≤ 0.05 between prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies among thalassemia patients and blood donors, the confirmatory tests by recombinant immunoblot assay version 3.0 （RIBA） show 17.5% positive, 79% negative and 3.5% equivocal in serum of thalassemia patients but show 2% positive, 98% negative in serum of blood donors. The thalassemia patients in the present study region had high seroprevalence of anti-HCV.

Determining the earliest growth stage to detect the presence of endophytes in tall fescue and perennial ryegrass seedlings using molecular markers

Background:Tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea[Schreb.],Lolium arundinaceum[Schreb.]Darbysh)and perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne)are important cool-season forage and amenity grasses that have a mutualistic association with an endophytic fungus.Endophytes confer insect and drought resistance to plants but can produce mammalian toxins.Novel endophytes that do not produce mammalian toxins have been introduced to elite cultivars for commercial production.Seed companies need to maintain adequate levels of novel endophytes within the elite forage cultivars.Endophyte detection is performed using immunochemical and molecular techniques because of their speed and reliability.Early detection in seedlings is essential to evaluate the viability of the endophyte within seed lots.Methods:This research aimed to identify the earliest growth stage in which immunochemical and molecular methods can detect viable endophyte in seedlings of tall fescue cultivars BarOptima(e34),Texoma MaxQII(584),and Jesup MaxQ(542),as well as the perennial ryegrass cultivar Remington(NEA2).Results:Immunochemical testing detected endophytes in seedlings 14 days after germination(DAG),but the detection rate increased until 42 DAG in some cultivars tested.The molecular marker Tef1exon detected endophytes at a lower rate than the immunochemical method at 28–42 DAG.However,there was insufficient DNA to detect endophytes in 14 DAG seedlings using markers.Conclusions:We conclude that the most accurate detection of viable endophytes in seedlings was 42 DAG,at which sufficient and consistent endophyte colonization occurred.