Comprehensive assessment method for environmental impact of railway based on geographic information system

By integrating the merits of the map overlay method and the geographic information system (GIS), a GIS based map overlay method was developed to analyze comprehensively the environmental vulnerability around railway and its impact on the environment, which is adapted for the comprehensive assessment of railway environmental impact and the optimization of railway alignments. The assessment process of the GIS based map overlay method was presented, which includes deciding the system structure and weights of assessment factors, making environmental vulnerability grade maps, and evaluating the alternative alignments comprehensively to obtain the best one. With the GIS functions of spatial analysis, such as overlay analysis and buffer analysis, and functions of handling attribute data, the GIS based map overlay method overcomes the shortcomings of the existing map overlay method and the conclusion is more reasonable. In the end, a detailed case study was illustrated to verify the efficiency of the method.

Design and Implementation of Privacy Impact Assessment for Android Mobile Devices

There are a lot of personal information stored in our smartphones, for instance, contacts, messages, photos, banking credentials and social network access. Therefore, ensuring personal data safety is a critical research and practical issue. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the influence of personal data sect,rity and decrease the privacy risks in the Android system. We apply the concept of privacy impact assessment （PIA） to design a system, which identifies permission requirements of apps, detects the potential activities from the logger and analyses the configuration settings. The system provides a user-friendly interface for users to get in-depth knowledge of the impact of privacy risk, and it could run on Android devices without USB teleport and network connection to avoid other problems. Our research finds that many apps announce numerous unnecessary permissions, and the application installing confirmation dialog does not show all requirement permissions when apps are installed first time.

Assessment of the Impact of Environment Protection in Rwanda:A Case Study of Rugezi Marshland

Environmental protection is one of the most important measures to achieve the long run and sustainability of living organisms in the world.The study was conducted in Burera and Gicumbi districts with the main aim of assessing the impact of environment protection in Rwanda.A case study of Rugezi Marchland.Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS statistical software version 20 and STATA statistical software vision 13.Off-farm income,occupation,educational level,age,and farm size,showed a positive relationship with Rugezi marchland protection.Variables such as value of product distance to Rugezi marchland,gender,and family size had a negative influence on Rugezi marchland protection.The study also indicated that factors such as water management,increase of grass species,increase of wild animals and birds,modern house construction,zero grazing keeping revealing a positive relationship with Rugezi marchland protection.Two most serious problems encountered are the lack of occupation and low level of education.

Assessment of Containment Structures Against Missile Impact Threats

In order to ensure the highest safety requirements, nuclear power plant structures (the containment structures, the fuel storages and transportation systems) should be assessed against all possible internal and external impact threats. The internal impact threats include kinetic missiles generated by the failure of high pressure vessels and pipes, the failure of high speed rotating machineries and accidental drops. The external impact threats may come from airborne missiles, aircraft impact, explosion blast and fragments. The impact effects of these threats on concrete and steel structures in a nuclear power plant are discussed. Methods and procedures for the impact assessment of nuclear power plants are introduced. Recent studies on penetration and perforation mechanics as well as progresses on dynamic properties of concrete-like materials are presented to increase the understanding of the impact effects on concrete containment structures.

Integration of GIS in the Development of an Environmental Cadastre Administrative System for the Environment Protection Agency Sierra Leone

The Environment Protection Agency Sierra Leone (EPA) is mandated by law to issue Environmental Impact Assessment license. Currently the agency achieves this mandate by issuing environmental licenses manually which always encountered lot of problems of accountability and transparency of the management of environmental licenses and assessment documentation. Client’s information and documentation is usually mixed up while carrying files from one point to the other or from one staff to another. Data on client are stored in a way which makes it difficult for the management to retrieve useful information on time. This paper explores these challenges faced by the manual system of issuing environmental licenses and infer solutions to the current challenges by integrating a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to develop an Environmental Cadastre administrative System (ECAS) which establishes a web-based information repository database developed with open sources software (Java, PHP, MySQL, QGIS) that published revenues online and made the data available to stakeholders and/or the public to complete the cycle of accountability and transparency. The information is presented and downloadable in a comprehensible and user-friendly manner, which in turn improves monitoring and reporting, and increases effectiveness and accountability of the management of environmental licenses and assessment documentation. The findings show these challenges facing the manual system, the back and forth between EPA and the client in the EIA process, the difficulty in the searching a client record, the mixing up of Client’s information and documentation by carrying files from one point to the other, and the storage of data on client in a way which makes it difficult for the management to retrieve useful information on time, and lack of back up when data or information is lost. Problems encountered in the time-consuming nature of the manual retrieval of files and preparation of prompt and accurate reports make it become a difficult task to accomplish as data and information are difficult to retrieve or collect from various files. Based on these findings, this paper provides the possible solution to the above problems. An online Environmental Cadastre administrative System (ECAS) which establishes a web-based information repository database was designed to capture the full lifecycle of environmental licenses including all stages of monitoring, licenses and payments and seamlessly manage the environmental impact assessment (EIA) licenses.

BBNJ协定在国际海洋法上的制度创新

2023年在联合国总部通过的BBNJ协定是全球海洋治理的一个里程碑。该协定聚焦国际海洋法领域的重大和前沿问题,创设了规范海洋遗传资源的特殊法律制度、确立了适用于全球公海的海洋保护区制度、丰富了规范海洋活动的环境影响评价制度。为避免因不当介入国家间陆地或海洋争端而妨害协定的实施,BBNJ协定设计了若干条款,确保将协定排除适用于国家管辖海域或争议海域。上述成果填补了国际海洋法的许多空白,拓展了国际海洋法的调整对象,为发展海洋法律制度、推进全球海洋治理作出了贡献。

个人信息安全影响评估标准在支付业务领域的应用实践

围绕《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》提出的个人信息保护影响评估要求,遵循GB/T 39335—2020《信息安全技术个人信息安全影响评估指南》,构建符合企业业务实际的个人信息保护影响评估体系,通过评估业务或产品对个人的自主选择权、财产权、公平权等权益的影响程度以及个人信息全生命周期安全保护措施的适应性,并配套管理制度和平台工具,提前识别并降低业务可能存在的个人信息安全风险,主要应用在转接清算、二维码支付、无卡支付等各种支付业务场景且取得良好效果。

论对环评告知承诺制的虚假承诺惩罚

行政许可领域的告知承诺制在多地逐步推行,一些地区在建设项目环境影响评价领域也进行了告知承诺制试点。然而,环评行政许可的告知承诺制在试点过程中引发了形式上的行政许可、实质上的备案等问题,与环评制度的预防功能存在一定程度上的逻辑相悖,因此在学界引起很多讨论。与此同时,对于建设单位虚假承诺的惩罚,多数试点地区仅采取撤销行政许可并辅以诚信惩罚的形式,难以对建设单位的虚假承诺行为产生较强的威慑力。本文对虚假承诺的惩罚实施现状进行分析后认为,其在惩罚环节和事中事后监管环节均存在不足,继而结合虚假承诺预期收益模型、最高威慑效果模型、虚假承诺的支出贴现指数模型进行研究,在加大对虚假承诺惩罚严厉程度、降低惩罚成本、降低惩罚贴现率、提升虚假承诺被惩罚概率等方面提出相关完善建议。

抽水蓄能电站生态环境影响与环境影响评价要点研究

抽水蓄能电站的工程特点和环境影响特征与常规水电站存在差异,可根据环境影响特征将抽水蓄能电站分为“混合式”、“开循环(依托下库)”、“开循环(新建下库)”、“闭循环”4类,分别从评价等级与评价范围、环境现状调查与评价、影响预测与评价、环境保护对策措施等方面梳理了技术要点,并针对不同分类提出了生态用水保障、枢纽工程废水和污水处理、水库水质保护、水生生态保护及“以新带老”等环境保护措施。

Environmental impact assessment of aircraft elevator made with new lightning protection material

The non-metallic lightning strike protection film covering carbon fiber reinforced polymers(NM-LSP covering CFRP)can reduce the weight and thus the fuel consumption of aircraft by replacing the traditional lightning strike protection(LSP)materials.In the present study,in order to study the environmental influence of utilizing NM-LSP covering CFRP in an aircraft elevator,a new elevator was designed and manufactured,replacing the aluminium net and glass fiber reinforced polymers(GFRP)with NM-LSP covering CFRP,with the same mechanical and LSP abilities.A comparative life cycle assessment was conducted between the two kinds of aircraft elevators,including material extraction,transportation,elevator manufacturing phase,service phase,and end-of-life procedures.Additionally,the environmental impacts of producing two LSP materials were compared by considering the environmental effects of different buy-to-fly ratios and recycling strategies on the production of aluminium net.The analysis indicates that the new elevator achieved reduction for all the environmental impact categories used,such as human toxicity potential and marine aquatic ecotoxicity potential(3.83%and 3.20%reduction).Furthermore,it is found that the service phase makes the greatest contribution to the environmental impact of the elevators under investigation.When recycling is excluded,NM-LSP covering CFRP is more environmentally friendly than the traditional material.At the same time,CFRP prepreg and electricity from the production of NM-LSP covering CFRP contribute to a higher environmental impact compared to the NM-LSP film.From the sensitivity analysis,it is believed that NM-LSP covering CFRP can reduce environmental impact compared with traditional LSP materials.

生态学理论在建成环境评价体系中的融合与应用--BREEAM英国策略性生态框架研究

当前,生态学与人居环境科学之间的交叉融合成为建成环境可持续发展的重要研究方向。由于国家级的建成环境评价标准对城市建设活动具有引领性和导向性作用,因此如何将生态学理论融入标准中成为研究内容之一。本文介绍了BREEAM英国策略性生态框架的制定思路、总体目标和各项任务,以及在其指导下的基础设施评价、社区评价和建筑评价中关于场地生态影响评价部分的条款设置与实施重点。期望通过本研究能对如何将生态影响评价系统性、层级式、可实践化地融入国家级的建成环境评价标准起到一定的借鉴作用。

EU data protection impact assessment and its implications

The research on the European Union’s Data Protection Impact Assessment(DPIA)is to detect how EU addresses data security risks in the era of big data through a sophisticated assessment system.DPIA,originated from Privacy Impact Assessment(PIA),is contained in the PIA.

东盟数据出境标准合同立法及其现实启示

随着《促进和规范数据跨境流动规定》的正式出台,我国个人信息出境标准合同的适用范围、文本内容得到进一步优化。东盟与我国设立数据出境标准合同规则的时间较为接近,且同处《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(简称“RCEP”)的规范之下,针对《东盟跨境数据流动示范合同条款》(简称“MCCs”)的比较研究具有重要意义。通过对MCCs立法意图、规则内容和法律效力等方面的分析,可以发现我国与东盟在数据跨境立法的价值取向、与RCEP的衔接度、标准合同的内容上有所不同。为促进中国与东盟之间的数据安全自由流动,我国未来应细化数据传输工具操作路径,加强双方数据跨境规则互认,并进一步完善个人信息保护影响评估制度。

个人信息保护合规审计的辅助实现技术框架研究

数字经济时代背景下,合格评定工作呈现出数字转型趋势,这将对开展个人信息保护合规审计活动产生重要影响。概述了个人信息保护合规检查技术工具概况和相关关键技术,在此基础上,提出了个人信息保护合规审计可以依托技术辅助实现的审计项,指明了个人信息合规审计工作技术辅助实现的路径。依托以上研究成果,提出《个人信息保护合规审计技术能力及工具要求(征求意见稿)》标准,明确了个人信息保护合规审计辅助实现技术框架,介绍了依据标准研发的个人信息保护合规审计技术工具原型,及其对于个人信息保护合规审计辅助技术框架的示范验证作用。

个人信息保护合规审计的理论逻辑与制度构建

个人信息保护合规审计制度不仅是个人信息处理者的法定义务,同时其预防型免责的功能也有助于激励个人信息处理者合理规避法律风险、主动提升个人信息保护能力、推动监管模式转型背景下政府监管与企业自律协同进行。《个人信息保护法》规定了“自主审计+强制审计”双层审计模式,《个人信息保护合规审计管理办法(征求意见稿)》为合规审计的落地提供了重要依据,但仍在制度衔接、法律效力、审计工作开展等方面留有空白。个人信息保护合规审计在风险内涵上应兼顾个人信息保护风险和合规风险,并与个人信息保护影响评估、算法审计等制度在适用情形、目的、内容等方面明确区分。为个人信息保护合规审计的有效性,审计制度既需要关注审计原则、审计准备、审计依据、审计方式、审计内容、审计结论等体系化的制度建设,同时也需要考虑审计活动实际开展过程中,审计原则的落实、审计清单的制定、审计依据的选择、审计结论的应用等关键事项。

环境影响评价工作中存在的问题及对策探讨

随着社会经济的发展和人口的增长,工业生产项目的数量和规模不断增加,对环境产生越来越大的压力和影响。为了保护自然环境,促进可持续发展,保障公众权益,环境影响评价成为环境工程中不可或缺的重要手段。环境影响评价可以评估建设项目对环境的影响,并提出相应的环保措施,从而减少项目对环境的污染和破坏,促进经济社会的可持续发展。鉴于此,本文探究了环境影响评价的重要性,分析了环境影响评价中存在的问题,并提出相应的解决对策,以期为相关从业人员提供有益的参考。

水质生态监测与水环境保护的关键技术研究

本文致力于探索水质生态监测与水环境保护的关键技术。随着人类活动的不断增加,水资源的污染和生态环境的破坏日益严重,因此,水质生态监测与水环境保护的关键技术研究具有重要的现实意义和价值。本文将从水质指标监测、生态环境影响评估和水质预测预报三个方面进行深入探讨,旨在为保护水环境提供科学依据和技术支持。

环保中介机构提供虚假证明文件罪的规范构造与司法适用

为厘清环保中介机构提供虚假证明文件罪的犯罪构成,避免刑法的不当适用,通过案例研究和规范分析发现:将环保中介机构提供虚假证明文件罪置于“扰乱市场经济秩序罪”中予以规范的立法模式,模糊了法益保护重点;司法适用“环境监测”“环境影响评价”概念不准确,不当扩大了犯罪主体范围;将大量环境行政违法行为予以犯罪化处置,明显违反了刑法谦抑原则。建议修改司法解释以明确刑法中“环境监测”“环境影响评价”的概念;调整提供虚假证明文件罪的立法模式以彰显生态法益的刑法保护力度;将提供虚假证明文件行为的行政处罚前置以限定刑法调控范围。

医药产业应用信息化管理模式促进转型发展的效果分析

目的分析信息化管理模式在医药产业转型发展中应用的效果。方法选取长春新区管理委员会医药健康产业办公室的21名工作人员作为研究对象,2020年1月—2021年12月为常规组,采用常规管理模式;2022年1月—2023年12月为研究组,采用信息化管理模式,两组的工作人员为同一批员工。比较两组的工作开展质量、工作人员对自身工作满意度、信息化技术应用能力。结果研究组的工作质量评分高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。研究组的自身工作满意度评分和信息化技术应用能力评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论实施信息化管理模式有助于医药产业数字化的转型发展,提高工作开展质量、信息化技术应用能力,以及工作人员对自身工作的满意度。

塑料加工行业实际建设项目环境影响评价与分析

环境影响评价是控制环境风险的“安全阀”,也是在发展中守住绿水青山的第一道防线,对协同推进经济高质量发展和生态环境高水平保护发挥着重要作用。本文针对某塑料加工项目在生产过程中可能产生的环境影响(地表水、大气、声和固体废物)进行识别、评价和分析,并根据各污染物状况提出相应的环保治理和管理措施。若运营期间项目能够认真落实做好本次环境影响评价中所提出的各项污染防控措施和环境管理对策,确保污染物达标排放,则该项目投入运营后不会对周围环境产生明显的影响,从环境保护角度分析、论证,该项目的建设是可行的。