This paper discusses ancestral hall architecture within the context of the Cantonese folk lineage in the Pearl River Delta.Using a typological research approach and chronological analysis,various factors that have inf...This paper discusses ancestral hall architecture within the context of the Cantonese folk lineage in the Pearl River Delta.Using a typological research approach and chronological analysis,various factors that have influenced the evolution of ancestral hall architecture are analyzed.The study specifically investigates the features of ancestral halls during the Ming and Qing dynasties.Three periods of ancient China are analyzed:The transition from Ming to Qing,the mid-Qing dynasty,and the late Qing dynasty.The variables of each period and how they influence the evolution of architectural typological features are identified.Based on our analysis,architectural features are related to economic and social factors,materials available,and craftsmanship of the construction workers.展开更多
Impact flash occurs when objects collide at supersonic speeds and can be used for real-time damage assessment when weapons rely on kinetic energy to destroy targets.However,the mechanism of impact flash remains unclea...Impact flash occurs when objects collide at supersonic speeds and can be used for real-time damage assessment when weapons rely on kinetic energy to destroy targets.However,the mechanism of impact flash remains unclear.A series of impact flash experiments of flat-head long-rod projectiles impacting thin target plates were performed with a two-stage light gas gun.The impact flash spectra for 6061 aluminum at 1.3e3.2 km/s collision speeds were recorded with a high-speed camera,a photoelectric sensor,and a time-resolved spectrometer.The intensity of the impact flash exhibited a pulse characteristic with time.The intensity(I)increased with impact velocity(V0)according to IfVn 0,where n?4.41 for V0>2 km/s.However,for V0<2 km/s,n?2.21,and the intense flash duration is an order of magnitude less than that of higher V0.When V0>2 km/s,a continuous spectrum(thermal radiation background)was observed and increased in intensity with V0.However,for V0<2 km/s,only atomic line spectra were detected.There was no aluminum spectral lines for V0<2 km/s,which indicated that it had not been vaporized.The initial intense flash was emission from excited and ionized ambient gases near the impact surface,and had little relationship with shock temperature rise,indicating a new mechanism of impact flash.展开更多
As a necessary factor for a successful business,entrepreneurial spirit is an important means for enterprises to survive in the unstable environment of fierce competition. Under the circumstance of mass entrepreneurshi...As a necessary factor for a successful business,entrepreneurial spirit is an important means for enterprises to survive in the unstable environment of fierce competition. Under the circumstance of mass entrepreneurship and innovation,a large number of small and medium-sized private enterprises have emerged in all walks of life in China. This paper examines the differences in the definition of entrepreneurial spirit by different scholars,the influence of Chinese entrepreneurship on the development of small and medium-sized private enterprises,the origin of the spirit of private entrepreneurs with Chinese characteristics,and the disadvantages of the spirit of small and medium-sized private entrepreneurs in China. It is necessary to further improve entrepreneurial spirit to contribute to the development of small and medium-sized private enterprises and help China to build the national economic system.展开更多
Aim:The oxidized low-density lipoprotein(OxLDL) plays an important role in atherosclerosis yet it remains unclear if it damages circulating erythrocytes. Method: In this study。
Under a warming climate,degrading permafrost profoundly and extensively affects arctic and alpine ecology.However,most existing relevant studies are more focused on the hydrothermal impacts of vegetation on the underl...Under a warming climate,degrading permafrost profoundly and extensively affects arctic and alpine ecology.However,most existing relevant studies are more focused on the hydrothermal impacts of vegetation on the underlying permafrost,or symbiosis between vegetation and permafrost,only very few on ecological impacts of permafrost degradation.Additionally,there are much more pertinent investigations in arctic and boreal regions than those in alpine and high-plateau regions at mid-and low latitudes.This study emphasizes on the impact mechanisms of permafrost degradation on vegetation both at high and mid-to low latitudes,addressing vegetation succession trajectories and associated changes in soil hydrology and soil nutrient above degrading permafrost.Permafrost degradation influences vegetation by altering soil hydrology,soil biogeochemical processes and microbial communities,which further improve soil nutrient availability.Furthermore,under a warming climate,vegetation may take two successional trajectories,towards a wetter or drier ecosystem within a certain time period,but to a drier ecosystem in the end upon the thaw of permafrost in case of permeable soils and good drainage.Thus,with rapidly developing remote-sensing and other space-and ground-based and air-borne observational networks and numerical predictive models,the impacting mechanisms of permafrost degradation on vegetation should be timely and better monitored,evaluated and modeled at desired spatiotemporal scales and resolutions by terrestrial or integrated ecosystem models.展开更多
Reductions in the transportation sector's carbon dioxide emissions are increasingly of global concern.As one of the first low-carbon pilot and carbon trading pilot cities,and as one of the largest automobile produ...Reductions in the transportation sector's carbon dioxide emissions are increasingly of global concern.As one of the first low-carbon pilot and carbon trading pilot cities,and as one of the largest automobile production bases in China,Chongqing has multiple low-carbon transportation policies that are coupled.In this study,three policy scenarios are set,including:1)improving the fuel economy of newly sold gasoline passenger cars to 5.71 per 100 km by 2020,2)promoting pure electric private cars to increase the share to 7% of private car sales by 2020,and 3)the policy mix scenario of the above two policies.Simulations are undertaken with the Chinese Academy of Sciences general equilibrium(CAS-GE)model,a type of computable GE model,to assess the macro-economic impact and the industrial impact of the three policy scenarios.Through the policy impact mechanism analysis and data-mapping process,the micro-economic impact analysis results,including costs and fuel savings,for the two policies from the bottom-up model are taken as the shock variables and inputs for the CAS-GE model.The results show that:1)the two policies will both have a slightly negative impact(-0.09% and -0.30%)on Chongqing's GDP in 2020;2)the employment rate will decrease by 0.12% and 0.47%,but the inflation rate will be restrained to a certain extent(-0.21% and -0.17%);and 3)the complementarity of the mixed policy can weaken the negative impact of the two policies when implemented separately.The mixed policy will reduce the GDP slightly by 0.37%,compared with the cumulative effect of the two policies implemented separately,resulting in cost-effective synergies at the macroeconomic impact level;and 4)the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has an uncertain impact on the results.The method and results can provide a reference for the formulation and adjustment of low-carbon transportation policies in other large cities.展开更多
文摘This paper discusses ancestral hall architecture within the context of the Cantonese folk lineage in the Pearl River Delta.Using a typological research approach and chronological analysis,various factors that have influenced the evolution of ancestral hall architecture are analyzed.The study specifically investigates the features of ancestral halls during the Ming and Qing dynasties.Three periods of ancient China are analyzed:The transition from Ming to Qing,the mid-Qing dynasty,and the late Qing dynasty.The variables of each period and how they influence the evolution of architectural typological features are identified.Based on our analysis,architectural features are related to economic and social factors,materials available,and craftsmanship of the construction workers.
基金This work was supported by the National Key R&D Programof China(Grant No.2016YFC0801204)the National Programon Key Basic Research Project of China(973 Program,Grant No.613312).
文摘Impact flash occurs when objects collide at supersonic speeds and can be used for real-time damage assessment when weapons rely on kinetic energy to destroy targets.However,the mechanism of impact flash remains unclear.A series of impact flash experiments of flat-head long-rod projectiles impacting thin target plates were performed with a two-stage light gas gun.The impact flash spectra for 6061 aluminum at 1.3e3.2 km/s collision speeds were recorded with a high-speed camera,a photoelectric sensor,and a time-resolved spectrometer.The intensity of the impact flash exhibited a pulse characteristic with time.The intensity(I)increased with impact velocity(V0)according to IfVn 0,where n?4.41 for V0>2 km/s.However,for V0<2 km/s,n?2.21,and the intense flash duration is an order of magnitude less than that of higher V0.When V0>2 km/s,a continuous spectrum(thermal radiation background)was observed and increased in intensity with V0.However,for V0<2 km/s,only atomic line spectra were detected.There was no aluminum spectral lines for V0<2 km/s,which indicated that it had not been vaporized.The initial intense flash was emission from excited and ionized ambient gases near the impact surface,and had little relationship with shock temperature rise,indicating a new mechanism of impact flash.
基金Supported by Special Youth Project"A Comparative Study on the Cultivation Mode of Innovative Entrepreneurship Talents in China and South Korea"(120-1452226)
文摘As a necessary factor for a successful business,entrepreneurial spirit is an important means for enterprises to survive in the unstable environment of fierce competition. Under the circumstance of mass entrepreneurship and innovation,a large number of small and medium-sized private enterprises have emerged in all walks of life in China. This paper examines the differences in the definition of entrepreneurial spirit by different scholars,the influence of Chinese entrepreneurship on the development of small and medium-sized private enterprises,the origin of the spirit of private entrepreneurs with Chinese characteristics,and the disadvantages of the spirit of small and medium-sized private entrepreneurs in China. It is necessary to further improve entrepreneurial spirit to contribute to the development of small and medium-sized private enterprises and help China to build the national economic system.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC10572159)supported by "111 Project" entitled "Biomechanics&Tissue Repair Engineering"(No.:B06023)Chongqing Science&Technology Council(CSTC 2006ba5010)
文摘Aim:The oxidized low-density lipoprotein(OxLDL) plays an important role in atherosclerosis yet it remains unclear if it damages circulating erythrocytes. Method: In this study。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Program on Study on impacts of forest fires on the permafrost environment in the Da Xing’anling Mountains,Northeast China(41871052)State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering(SKLFSE)program Fire-induced changes in the permafrost environment in Alaska:Observations,modeling and assessment(SKLFSE201811)。
文摘Under a warming climate,degrading permafrost profoundly and extensively affects arctic and alpine ecology.However,most existing relevant studies are more focused on the hydrothermal impacts of vegetation on the underlying permafrost,or symbiosis between vegetation and permafrost,only very few on ecological impacts of permafrost degradation.Additionally,there are much more pertinent investigations in arctic and boreal regions than those in alpine and high-plateau regions at mid-and low latitudes.This study emphasizes on the impact mechanisms of permafrost degradation on vegetation both at high and mid-to low latitudes,addressing vegetation succession trajectories and associated changes in soil hydrology and soil nutrient above degrading permafrost.Permafrost degradation influences vegetation by altering soil hydrology,soil biogeochemical processes and microbial communities,which further improve soil nutrient availability.Furthermore,under a warming climate,vegetation may take two successional trajectories,towards a wetter or drier ecosystem within a certain time period,but to a drier ecosystem in the end upon the thaw of permafrost in case of permeable soils and good drainage.Thus,with rapidly developing remote-sensing and other space-and ground-based and air-borne observational networks and numerical predictive models,the impacting mechanisms of permafrost degradation on vegetation should be timely and better monitored,evaluated and modeled at desired spatiotemporal scales and resolutions by terrestrial or integrated ecosystem models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71573249,71801212)the Clean Development Mechanism Fund of China(2014091)+3 种基金the Key Task Project of CASISD(Y02015003)the A Type Project of the President Youth Funding of CASISD(Y7X1091Q01)the Shenzhen Low-Carbon City Big Data Engineering Laboratory(ShenzhenDRC[2017]1089)the Discipline Construction Program on Combating Climate Change and Low-Carbon Economics of HITSZ(ShenzhenDRC[2018]725).
文摘Reductions in the transportation sector's carbon dioxide emissions are increasingly of global concern.As one of the first low-carbon pilot and carbon trading pilot cities,and as one of the largest automobile production bases in China,Chongqing has multiple low-carbon transportation policies that are coupled.In this study,three policy scenarios are set,including:1)improving the fuel economy of newly sold gasoline passenger cars to 5.71 per 100 km by 2020,2)promoting pure electric private cars to increase the share to 7% of private car sales by 2020,and 3)the policy mix scenario of the above two policies.Simulations are undertaken with the Chinese Academy of Sciences general equilibrium(CAS-GE)model,a type of computable GE model,to assess the macro-economic impact and the industrial impact of the three policy scenarios.Through the policy impact mechanism analysis and data-mapping process,the micro-economic impact analysis results,including costs and fuel savings,for the two policies from the bottom-up model are taken as the shock variables and inputs for the CAS-GE model.The results show that:1)the two policies will both have a slightly negative impact(-0.09% and -0.30%)on Chongqing's GDP in 2020;2)the employment rate will decrease by 0.12% and 0.47%,but the inflation rate will be restrained to a certain extent(-0.21% and -0.17%);and 3)the complementarity of the mixed policy can weaken the negative impact of the two policies when implemented separately.The mixed policy will reduce the GDP slightly by 0.37%,compared with the cumulative effect of the two policies implemented separately,resulting in cost-effective synergies at the macroeconomic impact level;and 4)the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has an uncertain impact on the results.The method and results can provide a reference for the formulation and adjustment of low-carbon transportation policies in other large cities.