Impact of interconnections and renewable energy integration on the Philippine-Sabah Power Grid systems

This study presents a comprehensive impact analysis of the rotor angle stability of a proposed international connection between the Philippines and Sabah,Malaysia,as part of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)Power Grid.This study focuses on modeling and evaluating the dynamic performance of the interconnected system,considering the high penetration of renewable sources.Power flow,small signal stability,and transient stability analyses were conducted to assess the ability of the proposed linked power system models to withstand small and large disturbances,utilizing the Power Systems Analysis Toolbox(PSAT)software in MATLAB.All components used in the model are documented in the PSAT library.Currently,there is a lack of publicly available studies regarding the implementation of this specific system.Additionally,the study investigates the behavior of a system with a high penetration of renewable energy sources.Based on the findings,this study concludes that a system is generally stable when interconnection is realized,given its appropriate location and dynamic component parameters.Furthermore,the critical eigenvalues of the system also exhibited improvement as the renewable energy sources were augmented.

The Power-weakness Ratios (PWR) as a Journal Indicator： Testing the ＂Tournaments＂ Metaphor in Citation Impact Studies

Purpose： Ramanujacharyulu developed the Power-weakness Ratio （PWR） for scoring tournaments. The PWR algorithm has been advocated （and used） for measuring the impact of journals. We show how such a newly proposed indicator can empirically be tested. Design/methodology/approach： PWR values can be found by recursively multiplying the citation matrix by itself until convergence is reached in both the cited and citing dimensions; the quotient of these two values is defined as PWR. We study the effectiveness of PWR using journal ecosystems drawn from the Library and Information Science （LIS） set of the Web of Science （83 journals） as an example. Pajek is used to compute PWRs for the full set, and Excel for the computation in the case of the two smaller sub-graphs： （1） JASIST＋ the seven journals that cite JASISTmore than 100 times in 2012; and （2） MIS Quart＋ the nine journals citing this journal to the same extent. Findings： A test using the set of 83 journals converged, but did not provide interpretable results. Further decomposition of this set into homogeneous sub-graphs shows that--like most other journal indicators--PWR can perhaps be used within homogeneous sets, but not across citation communities. We conclude that PWR does not work as a journal impact indicator; journal impact, for example, is not a tournament. Research limitations： Journals that are not represented on the ＂citing＂ dimension of the matrix--for example, because they no longer appear, but are still registered as ＂cited＂ （e.g. ARIST）-distort the PWR ranking because of zeros or very low values in the denominator. Practical implications： The association of＂cited＂ with ＂power＂ and ＂citing＂ with ＂weakness＂ can be considered as a metaphor. In our opinion, referencing is an actor category and can bestudied in terms of behavior, whereas ＂citedness＂ is a property of a document with an expected dynamics very different from that of＂citing.＂ From this perspective, the PWR model is not valid as a journal indicator. Originality/value： Arguments for using PWR are： （1） its symmetrical handling of the rows and columns in the asymmetrical citation matrix, （2） its recursive algorithm, and （3） its mathematical elegance. In this study, PWR is discussed and critically assessed.

Practice and Thinking on Current Planning Environmental Impact Assessment of Transmission and Transformation Power Grid in Jiangsu Province

The planning environmental impact assessment （EIA） of transmission and transformation power grid at levels of 500 and 220 kV had been finished completely in the 13 municipalities of Jiangsu Province by the end of 2012, which played important roles in guiding and planning the following transmission and transformation projects in environmental protection. In this paper, through the detail analysis on the objective and significance of the planning EIA of transmission and transformation power grid, legal basis and planning EIA practices, some suggestions and thinking about the planning EIA of transmission and transformation power grid were put forward.

The Impact of the Tyrannical Use ofPower in Family in Romeo and Juliet

This essay seeks to examine the tyrannical use of power in family in Romeo and Juliet,and discuss how this tyrannical use of power in family leads Juliet to despair,and to die in the end. It also analyses whether the impact of family power has contributed to making the play more tragic and accelerating the process of tragedy.

Economic Impacts of Renewable Power Generation Technologies and the Role of Endogenous Technological Change

This paper brings together the debate on economic impacts of renewable energy (RE) deployment and the discussion on modelling endogenous technological change on the global markets for the different renewable power generation technologies. Economic impacts of RE deployment are still mostly discussed on national level, where different effects have been identified. Recent research for Germany shows positive effects on the macro level and different distributional impacts. High investment in solar photovoltaics (PV) from 2010 to 2012 and induced increases in the RE sur-charge are the main drivers. At the same time, cost reductions for wind and solar PV take place on global markets, with global learning curves explaining the cost reductions very well. This calls for better including the international dimension into the modelling. The complex feedback loops between global cost curves and national policies, which react to global learning with some time lags, are not yet integrated into complex economic models. These models have to capture different RE technologies, different industries, either delivering the RE technologies or strongly depending on electricity prices, which are influenced by national support policies and macroeconomic development. As a first step to better understand the role of international markets, assumptions on RE exports based on global scenarios can be used. Results show the importance of global markets at least for the German RE industries. If the international dimension is taken into account, mainly positive economic impacts of further RE deployment can be observed.

Landscape Visual Environment Impact Analysis of Wind Power Project in Plain Region--Case in One Wind Power Farm Project of Zhanjiang

The construction of wind power project is conducive to saving energy,reducing emissions and regulating energy structure. But it inevitably causes some impacts on the environment in the construction process. Because that the height of wind power generator generally exceeds 100 m,and visual range in plain region is farther,it is necessary to scientifically and rationally evaluate and analyze landscape visual environment impact of wind power generator in plain region. One wind power farm project of Zhanjiang is located in typical plain region of Guangdong coast. Referring to traditional analytic method of landscape visual impact and comparing with actual situation for the same kind of project in the region,results show that it is ＂ extremely sensitive＂ area at 0- 2. 5 km from wind power generator, ＂ very sensitive＂ area at 2. 5- 5. 0 km, ＂ sensitive＂ area at 5- 10 km, ＂generally sensitive＂ area at 10- 20 km,and non-sensitive area outside 20 km.

Re-understanding and Thinking about Environmental Impact of Coal-fired Power Plants under Ultra-low Emission

From the perspective of development background,concepts and related policies of ultra-low emission,according to work practice,some issues and difficulties that need to be paid attention to in the environmental impact assessment of ultra-low-emission thermal power projects were discussed from the aspects of evaluation criteria,evaluation grade and scope,pollution control technical lines,environmental benefit accounting,and total emission control,and corresponding recommendations were put forward.

考虑市场影响的风电厂与储能运营商联合调度策略研究

本文基于拥有风力发电厂与电力储能设备的电力运营商视角,考虑运营商参与电力交易会对市场电价产生影响的基础上,通过动态规划,以利润最大化为目标,研究其最优联合调度策略。研究表明:在考虑充放电效率以及运营成本时,存在三个最优参考点将储能设备中的可用库存空间分为四个区域,进而对应四个不同的决策活动:将风电和从市场上购买的电力全部存入储能系统;将部分风电存入储能系统并将剩余部分销售到市场;售出全部风电不向储能设备中存入电量;将所有的风电和储能系统中的部分电量销售至电力市场。运营商可根据当前时刻风力发电量和储能设备中的电量与最优参考点之间的大小关系,得到相应的最优电力调度策略及其交易量。此外,本文研究发现随着市场影响强度的增大,运营商的利润随之减小,因此运营商应在其市场影响强度与最优电力交易量之间做好权衡。本研究对运营商的电力调度具有重要的指导意义和实际应用价值。

A multi-level evaluation model for the recognition and assessment of impact factors associated with intercontinental power interconnection projects

The construction of intercontinental power grid interconnection projects is key to realizing the vision of Global Energy Interconnection,which is to solve global energy problems in a clean and sustainable manner.These projects may be influenced by a few factors that are neither technological nor economic,such as political,social,and international factors.This paper thus presents a multi-level model for recognizing which factor from a compiled list of 14 would impact a particular intercontinental interconnection project and for assessing the degree of the factor’s influence.In the first part of the model,the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)method is used to recognize the project’s most significant impact factors.Using the recognition results,the second part of the model can assess the degree of the factor’s influence on the project based on ratings provided by experts.A comprehensive evaluation can thus be provided.As a case study,the proposed Saudi Arabia-Ethiopia power grid interconnection project connecting Asia and Africa was analyzed.Derived from a combination of multiple opinions from experts,evaluations from the model will be of direct benefit to decision-makers,investors,project implementers,and engineers,providing them with a deeper insight into the project.

永磁同步电磁原理的冲击式按压发电机研究

按键开关用的发电机可将按键动作转为电能,为无线按键开关提供电能,在绿色智能家居中有重要的应用价值。本文提出了一种利用电磁原理的冲击式发电机,设计了一种双稳态转换的结构,在两个稳态转换的过程中,线圈中磁力线反向突变,产生电动势脉冲。采用有限元软件对双稳态结构的磁场分布情况进行了分析,对线圈和铁芯尺寸进行了优化设计,结果表明两个稳定状态的线圈中磁力线方向相反,感应电动势基本上随尺寸线性增加。加工组装了发电机样机,通过实验研究发现,按压一次,发电机输出电压可以达到30 V,产生电能达到1469μJ。利用电磁转换原理将按压动作转化为电能,其紧凑的设计、小巧的体积和高输出功率使其具有显著的优势,有望为无线传感网络节点和无线开关提供充足的能源,实现绿色自给运行。

冲击荷载作用下煤岩力学特性研究及能量演化特征

为了探究冲击倾向性煤岩的动态力学特性和破碎特征,以强冲击倾向性煤岩为研究对象,进行了中高应变率条件下的单轴冲击试验。结果表明:在冲击荷载作用下,煤岩的破裂与变形可分为线弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段、应变强化阶段和卸载破坏阶段4个阶段;动态应力、应变均表现出明显的应变率效应;煤岩动态应力增长因子与应变率呈线性正相关;峰值应力与能量密度拟合呈现对数关系,能量密度与应变率拟合呈现指数关系,吸收阻抗比能与应变率具有良好的二次幂指函数关系,吸收阻抗比能和能量密度表现出较强的应变率相关性;破坏模式逐渐由轴向劈裂破坏向压碎破坏过渡。研究结果对于解决当前深部矿山采掘等工程实际问题具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。

风电系统高影响天气的时空格局分析

以风电系统为例,基于已有标准和研究,定义和识别了与风速和气温等基本气象要素相关的风电系统高影响天气,并利用近30年气象站观测资料,总结了风电系统高影响天气的时空格局。研究发现,这些高影响天气的区域特征明显:新疆、四川盆地(“三北”、川渝西部和沿海地区)等地多出现影响风电出力的小风天气(大风天气),影响电力设备安全的极大风多出现在我国西部高原山地和东部沿海地区;夏季高温频发(冬季低温频发和电线积冰风险较高)的气象站主要分布在新疆东部、川渝东部、华东中部(东北、蒙西和新疆北部)等地。这些高影响天气的年代际变化也存在差异:我国大部分地区的大风日数和小风日数,以及东北、蒙西和新疆等地的低温日数和电线积冰风险日数在近10年都维持较低水平,这对风电出力和电力系统安全都是有利的;我国大部分区域的极端高温日数近30年来不断增加,这将给我国夏季电力设备的稳定运行和能源保供带来更多风险。

面向功率冲击平抑的岸电系统储能型电能调控装置容量优化配置策略

针对港口岸电系统负荷侧存在的冲击性功率等电能质量问题,提出一种储能型电能调控装置容量优化配置方法。介绍港口岸电系统及储能型电能调控装置拓扑结构,并分析冲击性负荷运行特征;探讨负荷运行工况与功率因数控制目标之间的关系,根据电池荷电状态与负荷运行工况,提出储能型电能调控装置多类型运行工况自适应容量设计的补偿控制策略;建立储能型电能调控装置技术-经济模型,通过在技术模型中考虑岸电系统电能质量的要求建立容量模型,经济模型提供评估寿命成本和效益的方法。基于某港口岸电负荷实测数据,验证所提方法的有效性。

我国滨海核电厂取排水方式现状及其对海洋生态环境的影响

随着我国核电发展的加快,核电生态环境问题逐步受到关注。目前我国在运核电厂均采用海水直流冷却方式,取排水构筑物的建设对周边水动力及冲淤环境造成一定影响。通过比较我国部分核电厂取排水方式发现,暗涵排水方案对周边水动力及冲淤环境影响较小,在涨、落潮南北方向±200 m、东西方向±100 m范围内,平均流速变化仅为0.01 m·s^(−1);在距离排水口中心200 m的范围内,冲刷深度超过0.3 m。垂直岸取水方案对周边水动力及冲淤环境影响相对较大,平均流速变化0.05 m·s^(−1)的最远距离可达约2.4 km,取水明渠两侧淤积厚度大多在0.2~1.0 m。除海工构筑物对水动力和冲淤环境有一定影响外,核电厂运行对周边海洋生态环境的影响主要为取水卷塞及卷载效应、温排水和余氯的排放。建议在核电厂设计阶段综合考虑优化取排水方案,在优先保障核电安全的基础上尽量降低对海洋生态环境的影响,推进核电产业与海洋生态保护协同发展。

适应我国高集中度电力现货市场的发电侧市场力辨识方法

我国电力现货市场发电侧拥有高市场集中度的特点,市场力的滥用辨识变得尤为重要。对美国事前市场力的辨识方法进行了详细综述,分析指出了行为-影响测试方法更适用于我国电力现货市场。在此基础上,进一步研究提出了高市场集中度下的事前-事后市场力辨识方法,包括用于辨识潜在市场力的剩余供给指标测试法和市场模拟仿真法、用于辨识事中市场力的行为-影响测试方法和从市场整体运行情况、用户侧、发电侧和电网侧4个维度进行全面评估的事后市场力辨识方法。最后,通过算例分析,论证了所提市场力辨识方法的合理性和可行性。

自控型粒子冲击钻井系统研制与现场试验

我国油气资源勘探开发中常规钻井技术在钻遇石英砂岩、燧石、高硅质砂岩、黄铁矿和火成岩等难钻地层时,面临“钻速慢、进尺短”的钻井瓶颈。为此,基于粒子高频冲击破岩原理,借鉴高层建筑混凝土配浆-注浆和常压混凝土储存方法,设计了双活塞换向机构、防粒子沉淀物料罐、动态回收储存装置、高效分离装置和2D/3D自动化监控系统,研制了1套自控型粒子冲击钻井系统,并在江沙X1井对其进行了现场试验。试验结果表明:该系统运行稳定可靠,粒子回收率达到98.7%,平均机械钻速15 m/h,与邻井同地层螺杆配PDC钻头钻进方式相比平均机械钻速提高1.52倍。所得结论可为深层及复杂坚硬地层钻井提速提供技术支撑。

抽蓄电站全库盆防渗水库渗流缺陷影响分析

针对抽蓄电站全库盆防渗水库土工膜缺陷导致水库渗流量产生变化的安全问题,结合陕西省某抽蓄电站水库库底土工膜防渗工程,采用单因素影响分析和多因素影响分析方法进行抽蓄电站全库盆防渗水库渗流缺陷影响分析。结果表明,水头大小、缺陷大小、缺陷个数均正向影响抽蓄水库渗流量,而缺陷位置与抽蓄水库渗流量的相关性不明显。其中缺陷大小是影响抽蓄水库渗流量的主要因素,其次为水头大小,再次为缺陷个数。

高校大面积停电事件情景构建及应急处置

高校作为一个独特的社区,对大面积停电事件的敏感性较高。此类事件不仅影响教学和生活,还可能威胁到高校的安全稳定。为全面探究大面积停电事件对高校安全稳定的影响及应急处置策略,首先通过分析近年来国内外高校大面积停电事件,归纳出人为、技术和设备、系统设计、自然环境等影响因素,从电网、基础设施、服务保障、社会影响4个层面建立影响模型,分析了高校电力系统的整体性及脆弱性;然后结合霍尔三维结构理论,从风险演化、事件分类、应急响应3个维度构建了高校大面积停电事件情景构建分析模型,对高校大面积停电重点关注事件、情景处置和应急任务进行分类、分层阐释;最后基于西安某高校停电事件,对情景构建分析模型和应急任务的可行性进行了验证。结果表明:列出的不同时段重点关注事件有助于识别高校大面积停电事件突发应对关键脆弱点,建立的情景构建分析模型和应急任务是可行的。研究结果能为高校有效应对大面积停电事件、保障校园安全稳定提供参考。

考虑极端天气冲击过程的风电机组竞争失效可靠性评估

针对风电机组的运行可靠性易受极端天气影响的问题,提出了一种考虑极端天气冲击过程的风电机组竞争失效可靠性评估方法。同时考虑风电机组自然退化、极端天气冲击导致的瞬时退化以及极端天气持续过程产生的加速退化,构建极端天气下的风电机组综合退化模型;考虑风电机组退化过程对其耐冲击性能的影响,建立风电机组竞争失效可靠度模型以评估风电机组可靠性;基于我国北方某风电场工程数据和极端天气历史数据评估了某2 MW风电机组的可靠性并进行了参数灵敏度分析。结果显示,到第5年时,仅考虑自然退化的方法评估风电机组可靠度为0.84,而考虑极端天气冲击过程的方法评估风电机组可靠度为0.178,后者更加符合工程实际。通过模型参数的灵敏度分析发现,运行时间超过3年后,退化失效开始逐渐影响风电机组的可靠性。

辽宁大雅河抽水蓄能电站对大雅河水库影响分析

本文以辽宁大雅河抽水蓄能电站利用已建大雅河水库作为下水库为例,对大雅河水利枢纽工程改造进行分析,以确保其作为下水库的可行性;并从施工期和正常运行期两个阶段对大雅河水利枢纽现有工程任务的影响作出分析,结果表明施工期对大雅河水利枢纽现有功能没有影响,正常运行期仅年发电量稍有减少,均未对征地移民产生影响。该成果为抽蓄电站建设与运营管理工作起到一定的指导作用,并可为同类工程工作的开展提供参考和借鉴。