Impact of skin sensitivity mechanisms on sebum secretion: Management strategies for oily sensitive skin

Recent epidemiological surveys based on Baumann's classification have revealed a notable rise in the prevalence of oily sensitive skin.The development of oily sensitive skin is primarily linked to the abnormal function of sebaceous glands.The function of sebaceous glands is regulated by several factors,including inflammatory mediators,neurotransmitters,and endocrine signals.Sensitive skin,particularly oily sensitive skin,is prone to local inflammation,which in turn disrupts the normal functioning of sebaceous glands.This creates a loop wherein increased oil production exacerbates sensitivity,while heightened sensitivity further stimulates sebum secretion,perpetuating a vicious cycle.This article summarizes our understanding of the four primary mechanisms underlying skin sensitivity and their impact on sebaceous gland activity.Accordingly,it proposes management strategies for oily sensitive skin and seeks to guide the development of skin care regimens for this skin type.

Impact resistance performance and optimization of the sand-EPE composite cushion in rock sheds

Rock sheds are widely used to prevent rockfall disasters along roads in mountainous areas.To improve the capacity of rock sheds for resisting rockfall impact,a sand and expandable polyethylene(EPE)composite cushion was proposed.A series of model experiments of rockfall impact on rock sheds were conducted,and the buried depth of the EPE foam board in the sand layer was considered.The impact load and dynamic response of the rock shed were investigated.The results show that the maximum impact load and dynamic response of the rock shed roof are all significantly less than those of the sand cushion.Moreover,as the distance between the EPE foam board and rock shed roof decreases,the maximum rockfall impact force and impact pressure gradually decrease,and the maximum displacement,acceleration and strain of the rock shed first decrease and then change little.In addition,the vibration acceleration and vertical displacement of the rock shed roof decrease from the centre to the edge and decrease faster along the longitudinal direction than that along the transverse direction.In conclusion,the buffering effect of the sand-EPE composite cushion is better than that of the pure sand cushion,and the EPE foam board at a depth of 1/3 the thickness of the sand layer is appropriate.

Identification, pathogenicity, and fungicide sensitivity of Eutiarosporella dactylidis associated with leaf blight on maize in China

Maize(Zea mays L.) is an economically vital grain crop that is cultivated worldwide. In 2011, a maize foliar disease was detected in Lingtai and Lintao counties in Gansu Province, China. The characteristic signs and symptoms of this disease include irregular chlorotic lesions on the tips and edges of infected leaves and black punctate fruiting bodies in dead leaf tissues. Given favourable environmental conditions, this disease spread to areas surrounding Gansu. In this study, infected leaves were collected from Gansu and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region between 2018and 2020 to identify the disease-causing pathogen. Based on morphological features, pathogenicity tests, and multilocus phylogenetic analysis involving internal transcribed spacer(ITS), 18S small subunit rDNA(SSU), 28S large subunit rDNA(LSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha(TEF), and β-tubulin(TUB) sequences, Eutiarosporella dactylidis was identified as the causative pathogen of this newly discovered leaf blight. Furthermore, an in vitro bioassay was conducted on representative strains using six fungicides, and both fludioxonil and carbendazim were found to significantly inhibit the mycelial growth of E. dactylidis. The results of this study provide a reference for the detection and management of Eutiarosporella leaf blight.

Efficient slope reliability and sensitivity analysis using quantile-based first-order second-moment method

This paper introduces a novel approach for parameter sensitivity evaluation and efficient slope reliability analysis based on quantile-based first-order second-moment method(QFOSM).The core principles of the QFOSM are elucidated geometrically from the perspective of expanding ellipsoids.Based on this geometric interpretation,the QFOSM is further extended to estimate sensitivity indices and assess the significance of various uncertain parameters involved in the slope system.The proposed method has the advantage of computational simplicity,akin to the conventional first-order second-moment method(FOSM),while providing estimation accuracy close to that of the first-order reliability method(FORM).Its performance is demonstrated with a numerical example and three slope examples.The results show that the proposed method can efficiently estimate the slope reliability and simultaneously evaluate the sensitivity of the uncertain parameters.The proposed method does not involve complex optimization or iteration required by the FORM.It can provide a valuable complement to the existing approximate reliability analysis methods,offering rapid sensitivity evaluation and slope reliability analysis.

A novel approach to the dynamic response analysis of Euler-Bernoulli beams resting on a Winkler soil model and subjected to impact loads

This work presents a novel approach to the dynamic response analysis of a Euler-Bernoulli beam resting on a Winkler soil model and subjected to an impact loading.The approach considers that damping has much less importance in controlling the maximum response to impulsive loadings because the maximum response is reached in a very short time,before the damping forces can dissipate a significant portion of the energy input into the system.The development of two sine series solutions,relating to different types of impulsive loadings,one involving a single concentrated force and the other a distributed line load,are presented.This study revealed that when a simply supported Euler-Bernoulli beam,resting on a Winkler soil model,is subject to an impact load,the resulting vertical displacements,bending moments and shear forces produced along the span of the beam are considerably affected.In particular,the quantification of this effect is best observed,relative to the corresponding static solution,via an amplification factor.The computed impact amplification factors,for the sub-grade moduli used in this study,were in magnitude greater than 2,thus confirming the multiple-degree-of-freedom nature of the problem.

Nonlinear Impact Damage Evolution of Charpy Type and Analysis of Its Key Influencing Factors

The current research of Charpy impact mainly focuses on obtaining the ductile brittle transition temperature of materials by experiments.Compared with experiments,numerical simulation can study many problems with harsh conditions.However,there are still few studies on the influence of geometric factors such as side grooves.In this paper,the geometry of standard Charpy impact test is designed.Specimens with different widths and side grooves are tested.The finite element model of Charpy impact was established by ABAQUS software.Use test results and simulation results to verify each other.The effects of sample width,side groove depth and side groove bottom fillet on the impact fracture resistance of the sample were studied.The results show that the specimen width is positively correlated with the impact toughness of the specimen.The side groove greatly reduces the impact toughness of the material;the toughness of side groove decreases with the increase of depth;the fracture toughness of side groove decreases with the increase of fillet at the bottom of side groove.The proportion of toughness energy to impact energy of samples was analyzed.The results show that the toughness energy accounts for about 70%of the impact energy of the sample,which has little to do with the geometric characteristics of the sample.This study presents a reliable method for studying Charpy impact tests.The influence of geometric parameters is obtained,which provides a reference method for the study of impact toughness of high toughness materials.

Extension of Chemoprevention of Seasonal Malaria to Five Cycles and to Children from the Age of 6 to 9 Years in Africa: Analysis of Its Acceptability, Feasibility, Cost and Impact A Systematic Review

Introduction: Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) aims at preventing malaria in children during the high transmission season. It has been recommended by the WHO since 2013 for children from the age of 3-59 months. However, despite the impact of this intervention, a peak in the prevalence and incidence of malaria is observed in children from the age of 5-9 years. The aim of this study is to determine from the current literature the feasibility, impact and cost-effectiveness of extending SMC to five cycles and to older children. Methods: A litterature search of PubMed/Medline, NCBI and Google scholar identified 1333 articles. After reading the titles and abstracts by two authors, 24 articles were selected and submitted for full reading. Random control studies on the extension of SMC, malaria, feasibility of SMC, impact of SMC and cost-effectiveness of SMC were selected. A total of 16 articles were included for the qualitative synthesis after excluding 8 studies. Results: Following the summary of the evidence, we conclude that the extension is feasible but will be confronted with the unavailability of older children. The intervention period coincides with field work. SMC is effective in reducing the prevalence and incidence of malaria and the parasite density in children. The financial cost of administering SMC is lower than that of treating a child suffering from malaria. Conclusion: After analysing the information, it was found that the majority of the African population supports the extension of the SMC to the number of cycles and the age group in order to alleviate the high mortality and morbidity rates among children due to malaria.

The impact of female sex hormones on cardiovascular disease:from mechanisms to hormone therapy

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality in women,yet it has not raised the awareness from the public.The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease differs significantly between females and males concerning the effect of sex hormones.Estrogen and progestogen impact cardiovascular system through genomic and non-genomic effects.Before menopause,cardiovascular protective effects of estrogens have been well described.Progestogens were often used in combination with estrogens in hormone therapy.Fluctuations in sex hormone levels,particularly estrogen deficiency,were considered the specific risk factor in women’s cardiovascular disease.However,considerable heterogeneity in the impact of hormone therapy was observed in clinical trials.The heterogeneity is likely closely associated with factors such as the initial time,administration route,dosage,and formulation of hormone therapy.This review will delve into the pathogenesis and hormone therapy,summarizing the effect of female sex hormones on hypertension,pre-eclampsia,coronary heart disease,heart failure with preserved ejection fraction,and cardiovascular risk factors specific to women.

Study on damage mechanism and damage distribution of the rear plate under impact of debris cloud

The debris cloud generated by the hypervelocity impact(HVI)of orbiting space debris directly threatens the spacecraft.A full understanding of the damage mechanism of rear plate is useful for the optimal design of protective structures.In this study,the hypervelocity yaw impact of a cylindrical aluminum projectile on a double-layer aluminum plate is simulated by the FE-SPH adaptive method,and the damage process of the rear plate under the impact of the debris cloud is analyzed based on the debris cloud structure.The damage process can be divided into the main impact stage of the debris cloud and the structural response of the rear plate.The main impact stage lasts a short time and is the basis of the rear plate damage.In the stage of structure response,the continuous deformation and inertial motion of the rear plate dominate the perforation of the rear plate.We further analyze the damage mechanism and damage distribution characteristics of the rear plate in detail.Moreover,the connection between velocity space and position space of the debris cloud is established,which promotes the general analysis of the damage law of debris cloud.Based on the relationship,the features of typical damage areas are identified by the localized fine analysis.Both the cumulative effect and structural response cause the perforation of rear plate;in the non-perforated area,cratering by the impact of hazardous fragments is the main damage mode of the rear plate.

High-Precision Flow Numerical Simulation and Productivity Evaluation of Shale Oil Considering Stress Sensitivity

Continental shale oil reservoirs,characterized by numerous bedding planes and micro-nano scale pores,feature significantly higher stress sensitivity compared to other types of reservoirs.However,research on suitable stress sensitivity characterization models is still limited.In this study,three commonly used stress sensitivity models for shale oil reservoirs were considered,and experiments on representative core samples were conducted.By fitting and comparing the data,the“exponential model”was identified as a characterization model that accurately represents stress sensitivity in continental shale oil reservoirs.To validate the accuracy of the model,a two-phase seepage mathematical model for shale oil reservoirs coupled with the exponential model was introduced.The model was discretely solved using the finite volume method,and its accuracy was verified through the commercial simulator CMG.The study evaluated the productivity of a typical horizontal well under different engineering,geological,and fracture conditions.The results indicate that considering stress sensitivity leads to a 13.57%reduction in production for the same matrix permeability.Additionally,as the fracture half-length and the number of fractures increase,and the bottomhole flowing pressure decreases,the reservoir stress sensitivity becomes higher.

Sensitivity and resistance risk analysis of Didymella bryoniae populations to fluopyram

Fluopyram is an succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors(SDHI)fungicide that has been registered in China to control gummy stem blight(GSB)in watermelons for many years.However,whether the field pathogens of GSB are still sensitive to fluopyram or not is unknown.Therefore,we collected 69 Didymella bryoniae isolates from the fields that usually use fluopyram to control GSB to determine the sensitivity change.The EC_(50)(50%inhibition effect)values of fluopyram against D.bryoniae ranged from 0.0691 to 0.3503μg mL^(–1) and the variation factor was 5.07.The mean EC_(50) value was(0.1579±0.0669)μg mL^(–1) and the curve of sensitivity was unimodal.No resistant strains were found in the isolates,which means that the pathogens were still sensitive to fluopyram.The minimal inhibition concentration(MIC)of fluopyram against D.bryoniae was 3μg mL^(–1).Four low-resistant mutants and two medium-resistant mutants were obtained using fungicide taming and the resistance of mutants could be inherited stably.The growth rate of mutants decreased significantly compared with that of wild-type strains while the biomass of most mutants was similar to that of wild-type strains.The sensitivity of most resistant mutants to various stresses was increased compared with that of wild-type strains.The virulence of mutants receded except for low-resistant mutant XN51FR-1,which had the same lesion area as XN51 on the watermelon leaves.The results indicated that the fitness of resistant mutants was decreased compared with that of wild-type strains.The cross-resistance assay indicated that fluopyram-resistant mutants were positive cross-resistant to all six SDHI fungicides in this test but were still sensitive to fluazinam and tebuconazole.So the resistance risk of D.bryoniae to fluopyram was moderate.In addition,we found that the SdhB gene of low-resistant mutant XN30FR-1 had three new point mutations at positions K258N,A259P,and H277N.Medium-resistant mutant XN52FR-1 showed a mutation at position H277N and other mutants did not have any point mutation.

Effect of astigmatism and spherical equivalent correction on contrast sensitivity

AIM:To investigate the effect of astigmatism and spherical equivalent(SE)correction on contrast sensitivity(CS).METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,103 visually normal subjects aged 18 to 36y with bilateral regular astigmatism in range of 1.00 diopter cylinder(DC)to 4.00 DC and normal best-corrected visual acuity(20/20)were recruited.Binocular CS was assessed by linear sine-wave gratings at 1.5,3,6,12,and 18 cycles per degree(cpd),before correction of astigmatism,after full correction of astigmatism by cylindrical spectacle lenses,and after SE of refractive error.The repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni test were used to compare the effects of astigmatism correction on logCS.RESULTS:Totally 39 patients were male and 64 patients were female with the mean age of 28.25±5.38y.The average degree of astigmatism in right and left eye was 2.03±0.83 and 2.10±0.78,respectively.Increases in uncorrected astigmatic power correlated with decreases in the logCS,especially at high spatial frequencies.A statistically significant difference in logCS was found between these three cases:before correction of astigmatism,after SE of refractive error,and after full correction of astigmatism by cylindrical spectacle lenses at all frequencies(P<0.001),except at 18 cpd.At 18 cpd,there was no statistically significant difference between logCS before and after SE of refractive error(P=1.0).Also,there was no statistically significant difference in mean CS between with-the-rule(WTR)and against-the-rule(ATR)astigmatism,before correction of astigmatism,after correction of astigmatism with cylindrical lenses,and after SE of refractive error.CONCLUSION:Binocular astigmatism defocus decreases CS depending on the degree of astigmatism power;correction of this will improve patent’s quality of vision.Although high astigmatism refractive error(more than 2.00 DC)that is fully corrected by cylindrical spectacle lenses doesn’t increase the CS to the maximum value,especially at higher spatial frequencies(12 and 18).Also SE refractive error effects on improving CS in low astigmatism power(less than 2.00 DC),especially at lower spatial frequencies.

An efficient data-driven global sensitivity analysis method of shale gas production through convolutional neural network

The shale gas development process is complex in terms of its flow mechanisms and the accuracy of the production forecasting is influenced by geological parameters and engineering parameters.Therefore,to quantitatively evaluate the relative importance of model parameters on the production forecasting performance,sensitivity analysis of parameters is required.The parameters are ranked according to the sensitivity coefficients for the subsequent optimization scheme design.A data-driven global sensitivity analysis(GSA)method using convolutional neural networks(CNN)is proposed to identify the influencing parameters in shale gas production.The CNN is trained on a large dataset,validated against numerical simulations,and utilized as a surrogate model for efficient sensitivity analysis.Our approach integrates CNN with the Sobol'global sensitivity analysis method,presenting three key scenarios for sensitivity analysis:analysis of the production stage as a whole,analysis by fixed time intervals,and analysis by declining rate.The findings underscore the predominant influence of reservoir thickness and well length on shale gas production.Furthermore,the temporal sensitivity analysis reveals the dynamic shifts in parameter importance across the distinct production stages.

On an isotropic porous solid cylinder:the analytical solution and sensitivity analysis of the pressure

Within this work,we perform a sensitivity analysis to determine the influence of the material input parameters on the pressure in an isotropic porous solid cylinder.We provide a step-by-step guide to obtain the analytical solution for a porous isotropic elastic cylinder in terms of the pressure,stresses,and elastic displacement.We obtain the solution by performing a Laplace transform on the governing equations,which are those of Biot's poroelasticity in cylindrical polar coordinates.We enforce radial boundary conditions and obtain the solution in the Laplace transformed domain before reverting back to the time domain.The sensitivity analysis is then carried out,considering only the derived pressure solution.This analysis finds that the time t,Biot's modulus M,and Poisson's ratio ν have the highest influence on the pressure whereas the initial value of pressure P_(0) plays a very little role.

An impact sensitivity assessment method of spacecraft based on virtual exterior wall

The impact sensitivity assessment of spacecraft is to obtain the probability of spacecraft encountering the OD/M(orbital debris or meteoroid),which is a prerequisite for survivability assessment of on-orbit spacecraft.An impact sensitivity assessment method of spacecraft based on virtual exterior wall was proposed to improve the computational efficiency.This method eliminates determination of the outermost surface elements of the spacecraft before generating the debris rays,which are assumed to originate from a non-concave virtual wall that completely wraps the spacecraft.The Dist Mesh method was adopted for the generating of the virtual wall to ensure its mesh quality.The influences of the sizes,mesh densities,shapes of the virtual wall on the efficiency and accuracy were considered to obtain the best combination of the size and mesh density of the wall and spacecraft.The results of this method were compared with those of S3DE(Survivability of Spacecraft in Space Debris Environment),BUMPER,MDPANTO,ESABASE2/Debris to verify the feasibility of the method.The PCHIP(Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolating Polynomial)was used to fit the size vs.flux relationship of the space debris to acquire the impact probability of OD/M with arbitrary size on the spacecraft.

Activation Distance and Capacity Analysis for Ambient Backscatter Communications with Sensitivity Constraint and Beamforming

Circuit sensitivity of sensors or tags without battery is one practical constraint for ambient backscatter communication systems.This letter considers using beamforming to reduce the sensitivity constraint and evaluates the corresponding performance in terms of the tag activation distance and the system capacity.Specifically,we derive the activation probabilities of the tag in the case of single-antenna and multi-antenna transmitters.Besides,we obtain the capacity expressions for the ambient backscatter communication system with beamforming and illustrate the power allocation that maximizes the system capacity when the tag is activated.Finally,simulation results are provided to corroborate our proposed studies.

Characterizing structure of cross-disciplinary impact of global disciplines:A perspective of the Hierarchy of Science

Purpose:Interdisciplinary fields have become the driving force of modern science and a significant source of scientific innovation.However,there is still a paucity of analysis about the essential characteristics of disciplines’cross-disciplinary impact.Design/methodology/approach:In this study,we define cross-disciplinary impact on one discipline as its impact to other disciplines,and refer to a three-dimensional framework of variety-balance-disparity to characterize the structure of cross-disciplinary impact.The variety of cross-disciplinary impact of the discipline was defined as the proportion of the high cross-disciplinary impact publications,and the balance and disparity of cross-disciplinary impact were measured as well.To demonstrate the cross-disciplinary impact of the disciplines in science,we chose Microsoft Academic Graph(MAG)as the data source,and investigated the relationship between disciplines’cross-disciplinary impact and their positions in the Hierarchy of Science(HOS).Findings:Analytical results show that there is a significant correlation between the ranking of cross-disciplinary impact and the HOS structure,and that the discipline exerts a greater cross-disciplinary impact on its neighboring disciplines.Several bibliometric features that measure the hardness of a discipline,including the number of references,the number of cited disciplines,the citation distribution,and the Price index have a significant positive effect on the variety of cross-disciplinary impact.The number of references,the number of cited disciplines,and the citation distribution have significant positive and negative effects on balance and disparity,respectively.It is concluded that the less hard the discipline,the greater the cross-disciplinary impact,the higher balance and the lower disparity of cross-disciplinary impact.Research limitations:In the empirical analysis of HOS,we only included five broad disciplines.This study also has some biases caused by the data source and applied regression models.Practical implications:This study contributes to the formulation of discipline-specific policies and promotes the growth of interdisciplinary research,as well as offering fresh insights for predicting the cross-disciplinary impact of disciplines.Originality/value:This study provides a new perspective to properly understand the mechanisms of cross-disciplinary impact and disciplinary integration.

Experimental study of solid-liquid origami composite structures with improved impact resistance

In this paper,a liquid-solid origami composite design is proposed for the improvement of impact resistance.Employing this design strategy,Kresling origami composite structures with different fillings were designed and fabricated,namely air,water,and shear thickening fluid(STF).Quasi-static compression and drop-weight impact experiments were carried out to compare and reveal the static and dynamic mechanical behavior of these structures.The results from drop-weight impact experiments demonstrated that the solid-liquid Kresling origami composite structures exhibited superior yield strength and reduced peak force when compared to their empty counterparts.Notably,the Kresling origami structures filled with STF exhibited significantly heightened yield strength and reduced peak force.For example,at an impact velocity of 3 m/s,the yield strength of single-layer STF-filled Kresling origami structures increased by 772.7%and the peak force decreased by 68.6%.This liquid-solid origami composite design holds the potential to advance the application of origami structures in critical areas such as aerospace,intelligent protection and other important fields.The demonstrated improvements in impact resistance underscore the practical viability of this approach in enhancing structural performance for a range of applications.

Dynamic-based model for calculating the boulder impact force in debris flow

The boulder impact force in debris flow is generally calculated by static methods such as the cantilever beam models.However,these methods cannot describe the dynamic scenario of boulder collision on structures,so the inertia and damping effects of the structures are not involved causing an overestimation on the boulder impact force.In order to address this issue,a dynamic-based model for calculating the boulder impact force of a debris flow was proposed in this study,and the dynamic characteristics of a cantilever beam with multiple degrees of freedom under boulder collision were investigated.By using the drop-weight method to simulate boulders within debris flow,seven experiments of drop-weight impacting the cantilever beam were used to calibrate the error of the dynamicbased model.Results indicate that the dynamic-based model is able to reconstruct the impact force history on the cantilever beam during impact time and the error of dynamic-based model is 15.3%in calculating boulder impact force,significantly outperforming the cantilever beam model’s error of 285%.Therefore,the dynamic-based model can overcome the drawbacks of the static-based models and provide a more reliable theoretical foundation for the engineering design of debris flow control structures.

Analysis of sensitivity to hydrate blockage risk in natural gas gathering pipeline

During the operational process of natural gas gathering and transmission pipelines,the formation of hydrates is highly probable,leading to uncontrolled movement and aggregation of hydrates.The continuous migration and accumulation of hydrates further contribute to the obstruction of natural gas pipelines,resulting in production reduction,shutdowns,and pressure build-ups.Consequently,a cascade of risks is prone to occur.To address this issue,this study focuses on the operational process of natural gas gathering and transmission pipelines,where a comprehensive framework is established.This framework includes theoretical models for pipeline temperature distribution,pipeline pressure distribution,multiphase flow within the pipeline,hydrate blockage,and numerical solution methods.By analyzing the influence of inlet temperature,inlet pressure,and terminal pressure on hydrate formation within the pipeline,the sensitivity patterns of hydrate blockage risks are derived.The research indicates that reducing inlet pressure and terminal pressure could lead to a decreased maximum hydrate formation rate,potentially mitigating pipeline blockage during natural gas transportation.Furthermore,an increase in inlet temperature and terminal pressure,and a decrease in inlet pressure,results in a displacement of the most probable location for hydrate blockage towards the terminal station.However,it is crucial to note that operating under low-pressure conditions significantly elevates energy consumption within the gathering system,contradicting the operational goal of energy efficiency and reduction of energy consumption.Consequently,for high-pressure gathering pipelines,measures such as raising the inlet temperature or employing inhibitors,electrical heat tracing,and thermal insulation should be adopted to prevent hydrate formation during natural gas transportation.Moreover,considering abnormal conditions such as gas well production and pipeline network shutdowns,which could potentially trigger hydrate formation,the installation of methanol injection connectors remains necessary to ensure production safety.