目的·对孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)家长介导干预项目“让家长成为孩子沟通训练的老师(Improving Parents as Communication Teachers,ImPACT)”进行中国文化背景下的改编和适应性调查。方法·改编过程按4...目的·对孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)家长介导干预项目“让家长成为孩子沟通训练的老师(Improving Parents as Communication Teachers,ImPACT)”进行中国文化背景下的改编和适应性调查。方法·改编过程按4个步骤进行:信息收集、初步改编设计、初步改编测试、进一步调整。信息收集部分邀请8位专家(6位儿科专家、2位心理治疗师)进行6次专家焦点小组讨论,并根据专家意见从语言、干预形式、方案结构、文化习俗等方面对ImPACT进行初步改编。然后招募16位ASD患儿家长,分成2批参加初步改编后的ImPACT团体治疗,并在初步改编测试阶段同步进行适应性调查。结果·初步改编方案的适应性调查结果显示:所有家长均认为“上课进度节奏把握得当,能跟着老师节奏完成课堂内容学习”,66.67%的家长认为“课程准备充分、讲解清晰、目标明确”,33.34%的家长则认为学习过程“提供了丰富例子,帮助理解干预技巧”。关于每次学习后的技能练习作业,83.33%的家长认为“轻松完成,能帮助自己更好地学习干预技巧”,且所有家长均认为“点评及时,点评的内容能帮助自己答疑解惑”。而针对家长反馈的难点,即第7次(塑造互动)、第6次(教授新的模仿和游戏技能)、第5次(教授新的沟通技能)干预,与专家小组讨论后,进行进一步调整,使得最终方案能更方便家长学习掌握。结论·经过改编和适应性调查,形成了更适合中国ASD儿童家庭的家长介导干预的ImPACT项目。展开更多
The fragmentation patterns of anhydro sugars 1—6 in electron impact mass spectrometry have been proposed, and verified by means of metastable ions scanning method.
Visible and near-infrared spectra are routinely used to achieve mineral abundances and mineral chemistry of the global surfaces of the Moon and asteroids.However,these spectra can be significantly modified by space we...Visible and near-infrared spectra are routinely used to achieve mineral abundances and mineral chemistry of the global surfaces of the Moon and asteroids.However,these spectra can be significantly modified by space weathering,including micrometeorite impacting,solar wind implanting and cosmic ray irradiation.In this paper we report results of laser-bombarding experiments on the Jilin ordinary chondrite,simulating micrometeorite impacting on the surface of asteroids.After laser bombardment,the spectra became significantly redder and moderately darker. With the Modified Gaussian Model(MGM)method,the absorption band positions of olivine can be decoded from the modified spectra,which are correlated with their fayalite contents.In addition,a continuum of the modified spectra can be decoded,and its slope may be used to depict the degree of space weathering.However,relative strengths of the absorption sub-bands of olivine and pyroxenes show significant variant after the bombardment, hence they cannot be used to estimate the relative abundances of high-Ca to low-Ca pyroxenes of the lunar surface and other matured surfaces of asteroids.展开更多
文摘目的·对孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)家长介导干预项目“让家长成为孩子沟通训练的老师(Improving Parents as Communication Teachers,ImPACT)”进行中国文化背景下的改编和适应性调查。方法·改编过程按4个步骤进行:信息收集、初步改编设计、初步改编测试、进一步调整。信息收集部分邀请8位专家(6位儿科专家、2位心理治疗师)进行6次专家焦点小组讨论,并根据专家意见从语言、干预形式、方案结构、文化习俗等方面对ImPACT进行初步改编。然后招募16位ASD患儿家长,分成2批参加初步改编后的ImPACT团体治疗,并在初步改编测试阶段同步进行适应性调查。结果·初步改编方案的适应性调查结果显示:所有家长均认为“上课进度节奏把握得当,能跟着老师节奏完成课堂内容学习”,66.67%的家长认为“课程准备充分、讲解清晰、目标明确”,33.34%的家长则认为学习过程“提供了丰富例子,帮助理解干预技巧”。关于每次学习后的技能练习作业,83.33%的家长认为“轻松完成,能帮助自己更好地学习干预技巧”,且所有家长均认为“点评及时,点评的内容能帮助自己答疑解惑”。而针对家长反馈的难点,即第7次(塑造互动)、第6次(教授新的模仿和游戏技能)、第5次(教授新的沟通技能)干预,与专家小组讨论后,进行进一步调整,使得最终方案能更方便家长学习掌握。结论·经过改编和适应性调查,形成了更适合中国ASD儿童家庭的家长介导干预的ImPACT项目。
文摘The fragmentation patterns of anhydro sugars 1—6 in electron impact mass spectrometry have been proposed, and verified by means of metastable ions scanning method.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (kzcx2-yw-110,KZCX2-YW-Q08)the Chinese National Programs for High Technology Research and Development(2009AA122201)
文摘Visible and near-infrared spectra are routinely used to achieve mineral abundances and mineral chemistry of the global surfaces of the Moon and asteroids.However,these spectra can be significantly modified by space weathering,including micrometeorite impacting,solar wind implanting and cosmic ray irradiation.In this paper we report results of laser-bombarding experiments on the Jilin ordinary chondrite,simulating micrometeorite impacting on the surface of asteroids.After laser bombardment,the spectra became significantly redder and moderately darker. With the Modified Gaussian Model(MGM)method,the absorption band positions of olivine can be decoded from the modified spectra,which are correlated with their fayalite contents.In addition,a continuum of the modified spectra can be decoded,and its slope may be used to depict the degree of space weathering.However,relative strengths of the absorption sub-bands of olivine and pyroxenes show significant variant after the bombardment, hence they cannot be used to estimate the relative abundances of high-Ca to low-Ca pyroxenes of the lunar surface and other matured surfaces of asteroids.
