The dynamic elasticity modulus(Ed)is the most commonly used indexes for nondestructive testing to represent the internal damage of hydraulic concrete.Samples with a specific size is required when the transverse resona...The dynamic elasticity modulus(Ed)is the most commonly used indexes for nondestructive testing to represent the internal damage of hydraulic concrete.Samples with a specific size is required when the transverse resonance method was used to detect the Ed,resulting in a limitation for field tests.The impact-echo method can make up defects of traditional detection methods for frost-resistance testing,such as the evaluation via the loss of mass or strength.The feasibility of the impact-echo method to obtain the relative Ed is explored to detect the frost-resistance property of large-volume hydraulic concretes on site.Results show that the impact-echo method can replace the traditional resonance frequency method to evaluate the frost resistance of concrete,and has advantages of high accuracy,easy to operate,and not affecting by the aggregate size and size effect of samples.The dynamic elastic modulus of concrete detected by the impact-echo method has little difference with that obtained by the traditional resonance method.The one-dimensional elastic wave velocity of concrete has a good linear correlation with the transverse resonance frequency.The freeze-thaw damage occurred from the surface to the inner layer,and the surface is expected to be the most vulnerable part for the freeze-thaw damage.It is expected to monitor and track the degradation of the frost resistance of an actual structure by frequently detecting the P-wave velocity on site,which avoids coring again.展开更多
High-speed and precision positioning are fundamental requirements for high-acceleration low-load mechanisms in integrated circuit （IC） packaging equipment. In this paper, we derive the transient nonlinear dynamicres...High-speed and precision positioning are fundamental requirements for high-acceleration low-load mechanisms in integrated circuit （IC） packaging equipment. In this paper, we derive the transient nonlinear dynamicresponse equations of high-acceleration mechanisms, which reveal that stiffness, frequency, damping, and driving frequency are the primary factors. Therefore, we propose a new structural optimization and velocity-planning method for the precision positioning of a high-acceleration mechanism based on optimal spatial and temporal distribution of inertial energy. For structural optimization, we first reviewed the commonly flexible multibody dynamic optimization using equivalent static loads method （ESLM）, and then we selected the modified ESLM for optimal spatial distribution of inertial energy; hence, not only the stiffness but also the inertia and frequency of the real modal shapes are considered. For velocity planning, we developed a new velocity-planning method based on nonlinear dynamic-response optimization with varying motion conditions. Our method was verified on a high-acceleration die bonder. The amplitude of residual vibration could be decreased by more than 20% via structural optimization and the positioning time could be reduced by more than 40% via asymmetric variable velocity planning. This method provides an effective theoretical support for the precision positioning of high-acceleration low-load mechanisms.展开更多
在分析特殊型地震动如近场脉冲型地震动或远场类谐和地震动时,研究和设计人员更关注于地震动的时域特性.鉴于目前尚不具有一种成熟的用于分析地震动时域特性的方法,在研究中通常采用肉眼辨别地震动.但在肉眼辨别的过程中并没有定量的指...在分析特殊型地震动如近场脉冲型地震动或远场类谐和地震动时,研究和设计人员更关注于地震动的时域特性.鉴于目前尚不具有一种成熟的用于分析地震动时域特性的方法,在研究中通常采用肉眼辨别地震动.但在肉眼辨别的过程中并没有定量的指标描述地震动的特性,因此这种方法容易引入人为的主观性误差.地震动的时域特性主要指地震动的振动周期和强度随时间的变化情况.如有一种定量描述这种变化的方法便能消除肉眼辨别中引入的主观性误差.为解决该问题,本文提出了一种简便、有效的分析地震动速度时程时域特性的速度零点法ZVPM(Zero Velocity Point Method).采用这种方法可以定量地分析地震动速度时程的振动周期和强弱程度随时间的变化情况,并可以通过定义的幅值参数、周期参数和相位参数获取等效的地震动速度时程.鉴于脉冲型地震动对结构具有特殊的破坏作用,本文采用速度零点法分析了24条典型的强脉冲型地震动,并基于速度零点法提出了一种简便的脉冲周期计算方法.为便于工程设计人员快速地获取本文所选脉冲型地震动的等效速度脉冲,文中给出了每一条地震动等效速度脉冲的数学表达式.展开更多
基金Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(522QN279)Research Lab Construction of Hainan University(ZY2019HN0904).
文摘The dynamic elasticity modulus(Ed)is the most commonly used indexes for nondestructive testing to represent the internal damage of hydraulic concrete.Samples with a specific size is required when the transverse resonance method was used to detect the Ed,resulting in a limitation for field tests.The impact-echo method can make up defects of traditional detection methods for frost-resistance testing,such as the evaluation via the loss of mass or strength.The feasibility of the impact-echo method to obtain the relative Ed is explored to detect the frost-resistance property of large-volume hydraulic concretes on site.Results show that the impact-echo method can replace the traditional resonance frequency method to evaluate the frost resistance of concrete,and has advantages of high accuracy,easy to operate,and not affecting by the aggregate size and size effect of samples.The dynamic elastic modulus of concrete detected by the impact-echo method has little difference with that obtained by the traditional resonance method.The one-dimensional elastic wave velocity of concrete has a good linear correlation with the transverse resonance frequency.The freeze-thaw damage occurred from the surface to the inner layer,and the surface is expected to be the most vulnerable part for the freeze-thaw damage.It is expected to monitor and track the degradation of the frost resistance of an actual structure by frequently detecting the P-wave velocity on site,which avoids coring again.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2011CB013104)National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1134004)+2 种基金Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2015A030312008)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (201510010281)Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Plan (2013B010402014)
文摘High-speed and precision positioning are fundamental requirements for high-acceleration low-load mechanisms in integrated circuit （IC） packaging equipment. In this paper, we derive the transient nonlinear dynamicresponse equations of high-acceleration mechanisms, which reveal that stiffness, frequency, damping, and driving frequency are the primary factors. Therefore, we propose a new structural optimization and velocity-planning method for the precision positioning of a high-acceleration mechanism based on optimal spatial and temporal distribution of inertial energy. For structural optimization, we first reviewed the commonly flexible multibody dynamic optimization using equivalent static loads method （ESLM）, and then we selected the modified ESLM for optimal spatial distribution of inertial energy; hence, not only the stiffness but also the inertia and frequency of the real modal shapes are considered. For velocity planning, we developed a new velocity-planning method based on nonlinear dynamic-response optimization with varying motion conditions. Our method was verified on a high-acceleration die bonder. The amplitude of residual vibration could be decreased by more than 20% via structural optimization and the positioning time could be reduced by more than 40% via asymmetric variable velocity planning. This method provides an effective theoretical support for the precision positioning of high-acceleration low-load mechanisms.
文摘在分析特殊型地震动如近场脉冲型地震动或远场类谐和地震动时,研究和设计人员更关注于地震动的时域特性.鉴于目前尚不具有一种成熟的用于分析地震动时域特性的方法,在研究中通常采用肉眼辨别地震动.但在肉眼辨别的过程中并没有定量的指标描述地震动的特性,因此这种方法容易引入人为的主观性误差.地震动的时域特性主要指地震动的振动周期和强度随时间的变化情况.如有一种定量描述这种变化的方法便能消除肉眼辨别中引入的主观性误差.为解决该问题,本文提出了一种简便、有效的分析地震动速度时程时域特性的速度零点法ZVPM(Zero Velocity Point Method).采用这种方法可以定量地分析地震动速度时程的振动周期和强弱程度随时间的变化情况,并可以通过定义的幅值参数、周期参数和相位参数获取等效的地震动速度时程.鉴于脉冲型地震动对结构具有特殊的破坏作用,本文采用速度零点法分析了24条典型的强脉冲型地震动,并基于速度零点法提出了一种简便的脉冲周期计算方法.为便于工程设计人员快速地获取本文所选脉冲型地震动的等效速度脉冲,文中给出了每一条地震动等效速度脉冲的数学表达式.
