Surface modification of titanium using steel slag ball and shot blasting treatment for biomedical implant applications

Surface modification is often performed using grit or shot blasting treatment for improving the performances of biomedical implants. The effects of blasting treatments using steel slag balls and spherical shots on the surface and subsurface of titanium were studied in this paper. The treatments were conducted for 60-300 s using 2-5 mm steel slag bails and 3.18 mm spherical shots. The surface morphology, roughness, and elemental composition of titanium specimens were examined prior to and after the treatments. Irregular and rough titanium surfaces were formed after the treatment with the steel slag balls instead of the spherical shots. The former treatment also introduced some bioactive elements on the titanium surface, but the latter one yielded a harder surface layer. In conclusion, both steel slag ball and shot blasting treatment have their own specialization in modifying the surface of metallic biomaterials. Steel slag ball blasting is potential for improving the osseointegration quality of implants; but the shot blasting is more appropriate for improving the mechanical properties of temporary and load bearing implants, such as osteosynthesis plates.

Awareness of Patients toward Dental Implants as an Alternative Treatment to Replace Missing Teeth in Kinshasa, D. R. Congo

Background: Dental implant is an artificial root inserted in the jawbone, which restores a lost tooth so that it looks, feels, and is fit like a natural tooth. It is considered to be the best treatment option for single or multiple missing teeth. The aim of this study was to assess the awareness of patients about dental implants as an alternative treatment in Congolese patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in two institutions namely, CBCO Bandal and Ngaliema Clinic, from August to December 2017. A total of 450 respondents have participated in the survey. A printed questionnaire comprised of 20 questions in order to evaluate patients dental awareness was used. Gender, level of education, awareness of dental implant and dental implants therapy, sources of information and the expectation about the sources of information were assessed. The collected data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed by SPSS (IBM SPSS 20.0, Chicago, IL, USA) software. Results: Out of 450 participants, 14.4% were aware of dental implants. The main disadvantage of dental implant was the high cost. When asked about the anchorage, 86% didn’t know where the dental implant was anchored. Ninety-two percent didn’t know for how long an implant last, 6% thought that dental implant last for a lifetime. When patients were asked about the sources of information, the dentist (5%) and media (5.5%) were the main sources of information. The majority of patients (88.4%) would like to get information about dental implants from their dentist. Conclusion: Dentists should be more involved in the promotion of information about dental implants as a treatment modality to replace missing teeth.

Fabrication of Micro/Nano-textured Titanium Alloy Implant Surface and Its Infl uence on Hydroxyapatite Coatings

We put forward a protocolcombining laser treatment and acid etching to obtain multiscale micro/nano-texture surfaces of titanium alloy implant.Firstly,the operationalparameters of the laser were optimized to obtain an optimum current.Secondly,the laser with the optimum operationalparameters was used to fabricate micro pits.Thirdly,multiple acid etching was used to clean the clinkers of micro pits and generate submicron and nanoscale structures.Finally,the bioactivity of the samples was measured in a simulated body fluid.The results showed that the micropits with a diameter of 150 μm and depth of 50 μm were built successfully with the optimized working current of 13 A.In addition,submicron and nanoscale structures,with 0.5-2 μm microgrooves and 10-20 nm nanopits,were superimposed on micro pits surface by multiple acid etching.There was thick and dense HA coating only observed on the multiscale micro/nano-textured surface compared with polished and micro-textured surface.This indicated that the multiscale micro/nano-texture surface showed better ability toward HA formation,which increased the bioactivity of implants.

Advances in Dental Implant Positioning Techniques and Their Clinical Implications

Background: Advancing surgical reconstructive methods and demanding prosthetics need accurate and precise implant placements. Positioning dental implant is vital in both prosthetic and aesthetic perspectives. The optimal three-dimensional placement not only reduces biomechanical complications but also imprecates the odds of implant failure. Materials & Methods: By using robust text mining, searching and retrieval tools, 350 relevant articles were found and then out of them 161 articles were short listed for our review. They included systematic reviews, meta-analyses, case series and experimental studies. Conclusions & Results: Conventional freehand implant placement techniques remain experts’ favorite for uncompromised cases. However, for compromised cases that demand accuracy and predictability, various computer-based methods are in use. While computerized tomography techniques and use of interactive software prevalent in treatment planning, computer-aided design or computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/ CAM) fabricated surgical guides enable implantologists for more successful implantations.

Work Function Enhancement of Indium Tin Oxide via Oxygen Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation

Indium tin oxide （ITO） transparent conducting film was treated with oxygen plasma immersion ion implantation （PIII）. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） was employed to characterize the effect. The results suggested that the oxygen content in the surface was increased and maintained for more than 50 h compared with traditional plasma-treated samples. Meanwhile, the work function of ITO estimated by comparing the peak shift in the XPS diagram suggested a corresponding increase by more than 1 eV.

Antibacterial Property of Martensitic Stainless Steel Generated by Cu Ion Implantation

Copper ions were implanted into a AISI420 martensitic stainless steel (SS) by metal vapor vacuum arc (MEVVA) with a dose range 0.2 xlO17 -S.OxlO17 cm"2 at the energy of lOOkeV. The Cu-implanted stainless steel was treated by a special antibacterial treatment subsequently. The phase compositions in the implanted layer were studied by glancing X-ray diffraction ( GXRD) and changes of bacterial appearance on the surface of Cu un-implanted SS and Cu-implanted SS with antibacterial treatment SS were observed by bio-TEM (transmission electron microscopy) separately. The results showed that a suitable amount of Cu-rich phase was dispersed in the implanted layer of Cu-implanted SS that was treated by special antibacterial treatment. So the Cu-implanted martensitic stainless steel with antibacterial treatment reveals excellent antibacterial property against both E. coli and S. aureus.

Outcome of implanting penile prosthesis for treating erectile dysfunction： experience with 42 cases

Aim： To report a short-time result of three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis （IPP） implantation on treating patients with organic erectile dysfunction （ED）. Methods： Three-piece IPPs were implanted in 42 Chinese patients with ED refractory to systemic treatment between May 2002 and May 2004. The etiologies of ED were neurogenic （28 with paraplegia and seven with traumatic nervi-erigentes injury）, congenital venous leakage （5 cases）, fibrosis of corpus cavernosum （lcase） and Klinefelter＇s syndrome （1 case）. The follow-up period ranged from 24 to 57 months. Results： Implantation procedures were successfully performed upon all 42 patients. The length of implanted prosthesis was from 13 cm to 18 cm, and the diameter was 1 cm. The implanted prosthesis was made by the Medical Instrumentation Company of Muping （Muping, Shandong, China）. Localized infection occurred in only one patient and mechanical complications occurred in five patients. Coitus could be performed in 41 cases （97.6%）. Three patients with congenital venous leakage made their spouses pregnant after implantation. Conclusion： Implantation of three-piece IPP is an effective and safe modality for treating patients with ED. It can be well accepted by Chinese patients because of its efficacy.

先天缺牙患者的种植治疗

先天缺牙患者主要表现为牙数目不足、上下颌骨牙槽突发育不全、颌面部发育不良等,可导致口腔或全身功能异常,危害性大,治疗难度高。种植义齿因其良好的稳定性和舒适度,是修复此类患者缺失牙的理想选择。本文旨在通过分析先天缺牙患者种植治疗中面临的挑战,提出先天缺牙患者口腔功能重建策略。

抗肿瘤术后植入式药物递送系统的研究进展与展望

植入式药物递送系统作为一种新兴治疗策略,显著增强了药物疗效,同时有效减轻了药物的不良反应,为肿瘤术后治疗提供了创新的解决方案。本文总结了术后肿瘤复发的关键诱因及相应的治疗策略,并全面探讨了近年来抗肿瘤术后植入式药物递送系统的研发进展,包括铸造型植入剂、静电纺丝植入剂、水凝胶植入剂等多种术后植入式药物递送系统。本综述全面总结了术后抗肿瘤植入式药物递送系统的应用前景,并展望了该领域未来的研发方向,希望这一领域的进一步发展能够促进肿瘤患者预后和生活质量的改善。

52例症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄患者个体化血管内治疗的回顾性分析

目的评估症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄(sICAS)患者个体化血管内治疗的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性收集2019年1月至2022年12月在我院接受个体化血管内治疗的sICAS患者的临床资料,分析血管重建成功率、围手术期并发症发生率和死亡情况,以及随访期间复发性缺血性脑卒中(IS)、短暂性脑缺血发作、死亡和血管再狭窄的发生率。结果52例sICAS患者共有55处病变,均接受血管内治疗。患者平均年龄为(62.94±9.04)岁。术前病变血管狭窄程度为90%(80%,99%),狭窄长度为8(5,11)mm。采用的手术方式分别为球囊扩张式支架植入术(25例,27个病变)、自膨式支架植入术(19例,20个病变)、单纯球囊扩张血管成形术(8例,8个病变)。术后残余狭窄程度为10%(0,20%),较术前降低且差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。血管重建成功率为94.23%(49/52),围手术期并发症发生率为3.85%(2/52)。临床随访12(12,18)个月,影像学随访10(6,12)个月,血管再狭窄发生率为7.69%(4/52),复发性IS发生率为1.92%(1/52),无患者死亡。结论个体化血管内治疗对sICAS安全、有效,其可提高血管重建成功率,降低围手术期并发症、远期IS复发和再狭窄风险。

Evaluation of factors affecting the success rate of orthodontic mini-implants by survival analysis

AIM: To investigate the success rate of mini-implants and its characteristics and risk factors by survival analyses. METHODS: Three hundred and ninety-four miniimplants of the same type were placed by a single clinician. Age, gender, treatment duration, time of failure, side and jaw of implantation and the soft tissue at placement site were recorded. Odds ratio, survival curves, and Cox proportional hazard model were applied to evaluate the factors influencing the miniimplants' success rate. RESULTS: The cumulative success rate was 88.1%.The maxilla had a significantly higher success rate than that of the mandible(91.7% vs 83.7%, respectively, P = 0.019). Placement of mini-implants in the attached gingiva(AG) showed a higher success rate than that of the mucogingival junction(MGJ) and mucous membrane(MM)(AG, 94.3%; MGJ, 85.8%; MM, 79.4%; P < 0.001). Significant association was found between the jaw and the gingival tissue type(P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between maxilla and mandible when compared within each placement site.CONCLUSION: The gingival tissue type had the most significant effect on the success rate of the mini-implant with higher success rate in the attached gingiva.

Photocatalytic activity of ferric oxide/titanium dioxide nanocomposite films on stainless steel fabricated by anodization and ion implantation

A simple surface treatment was used to develop photocatalytic activity for stainless steel. AISI 304 stainless steel specimens after anodization were implanted by Ti ions at an extracting voltage of 50 kV with an implantation dose of 3 × 10^15 atoms.cm-2 and then annealed in air at 450℃ for 2 h. The morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The microstructure was characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue solution was carried out under ultraviolet light. The corrosion resistance of the stainless steel was evaluated in NaCl solution （3.5 wt%） by electrochemical polarization curves. It is found that the Ti ions depth profile resembles a Gaussian distribution in the implanted layer. The nanostructured Fe203/TiO2 composite film exhibits a remarkable enhancement in photocatalytic activity referenced to the mechanically polished specimen and anodized specimen. Meanwhile, the annealed Ti-implanted specimen remains good corrosion resistance.

完全植入式静脉输液港外露伤口的手术治疗

目的:探讨完全植入式静脉输液港外露伤口的手术治疗效果。方法:2021年12月-2022年10月,笔者对医院肿瘤术后放置完全植入式静脉输液港外露伤口的患者进行回顾性分析,根据创面的大小、暴露的时间、感染的严重程度,选择清创后直接缝合、囊袋重置或输液港取出的方法进行处理,探讨手术治疗效果。结果:完全植入式静脉输液港外露患者共13例,其中清创后直接缝合6例,囊袋重置5例,输液港取出2例。输液港外露到伤口愈合的时间为7~10 d,平均时间为8.5 d,所有伤口均一期愈合,无并发症发生,瘢痕隐蔽。术后随访6个月,患者总满意率为92.31%。结论:完全植入式静脉港外露伤口手术治疗疗效较好,值得临床推广。

时辰节律的用药指导联合耳穴埋籽对老年高血压患者遵医行为、睡眠质量和情志状态的影响

目的:探讨基于时辰节律的用药指导联合耳穴埋籽对老年高血压患者遵医行为、睡眠质量和情志状态的影响。方法:选取2021年3月-2023年12月在某院收治的213例老年高血压患者,根据入院顺序和组间基本资料具可比性的原则分为观察组(2022年12月—2023年12月,n=106)和对照组(2021年3月——2022年11月,n=107),两组患者均予以基于时辰节律的用药指导,观察组联合耳穴埋籽,观察两组患者血压控制、睡眠质量、情志状态、遵医行为和生活质量变化。结果:两组干预后收缩压、舒张压均较干预前有所下降,且观察组血压下降幅度高于对照组(t=7.232,19.046;P<0.05);两组干预后匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评分和抑郁(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分均较干预前下降,且观察组PSQI评分和SAS、SDS评分均低于对照组(t=8.602,7.635,10.045;P<0.05);观察组在用药管理、生活管理和定期复查的遵医行为均优于对照组(χ^(2)=5.357,17.453,8.819;P<0.05)。两组生活质量各维度评分均较干预前均上升,且观察组生活质量各维度评分高于对照组(t=5.648,3.441,3.457,3.971,8.766;P<0.05)。结论:基于时辰节律的用药指导联合耳穴埋籽可有效控制老年高血压患者的血压波动,提升睡眠质量,改善患者情志状态,进一步提高遵医行为,形成良性循环。

多学科协作诊疗模式对前置胎盘伴胎盘植入产妇妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨多学科协作(MDT)诊疗模式在改善前置胎盘伴胎盘植入母儿结局中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2022年12月于江西省妇幼保健院分娩的281例前置胎盘伴胎盘植入产妇的临床资料,根据剖宫产术前是否进行MDT诊疗进行分组,其中MDT组152例,非MDT组129例。比较两组的剖宫产术前胎盘植入部位诊断准确性、术前预处理情况及母儿妊娠结局。结果MDT组术前胎盘植入部位的诊断符合率高于非MDT组,MDT组的腹主动脉球囊阻断率及输尿管置管率均高于非MDT组,且MDT组的术中出血量、出血>2000 ml率、输红细胞量及子宫切除率均低于非MDT组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MDT诊疗模式可以提高前置胎盘伴胎盘植入部位的术前诊断准确性,利于术者制定个体化的精准治疗方案,能有效减少胎盘植入患者术中出血量、输血量,降低子宫切除率,在改善母儿妊娠结局中具有一定临床价值。

数字化技术辅助牙列缺损患者的种植修复与咬合重建——基本修复程序

咬合重建是复杂的口腔治疗程序,对治疗的精准度要求较高,尤其是涉及种植支持固定修复体的咬合重建治疗。而数字化技术的辅助有利于提高治疗的精准性,为种植修复患者的咬合重建治疗提供长期稳定的保障。本文旨在探讨联合应用神经肌肉分析系统和电子面弓的数字化技术,辅助牙列缺损患者的种植修复与咬合重建的基本修复程序,以期供临床参考。

3D打印技术对口腔种植牙精度、种植成功率及患者满意度的影响研究

目的探讨并分析3D打印技术对口腔种植牙精度、种植成功率及患者满意度的影响。方法选取我院2022年8月至2023年7月期间接收的种植牙患者32例(共140颗牙)进行研究,采用随机数字表法将患者分为参照组(14例,60颗)与实验组(18例,80颗),参照组采用常规治疗,实验组采用3D打印技术。观察两组术后口腔种植牙精度、种植成功率、满意度以及治疗时间、恢复周期、舒适度。结果参照组颈部偏离距离以及根尖部偏离距离均在1mm以上,而实验组颈部偏离距离以及根尖部偏离距离均在1mm以下,且参照组偏离角度在4°以上,而实验组偏离角度低于3°,组间数据差异显著(P<0.05)。实验组治疗时间、恢复周期更短,舒适度更高,组间数据差异显著(P<0.05)。实验组口腔种植成功率97.50%,高于参照组口腔种植成功率83.33%,组间差异显著(P<0.05)。实验组满意度100.00%,高于参照组满意度64.29%,组间差异显著(P<0.05)。结论在种植牙中采用3D打印技术减少了误差,使患者手术时间减少,创伤更小,也利于患者的恢复,提高满意度和舒适度,推动了种植牙项目更好的发展。

口腔种植修复治疗牙列缺损伴牙周炎对牙周指数的影响

目的观察口腔种植修复治疗牙列缺损伴牙周炎的效果并分析对牙周指数的影响。方法回顾性分析2022年1月至2024年1月合肥市口腔医院收治的120例牙列缺损伴牙周炎患者的临床资料,按照患者采取的不同治疗方法将其分为研究组(60例)与对照组(60例)。对照组患者采用传统修复治疗方法,研究组患者采用口腔种植修复治疗方法。比较两组患者治疗前后的牙周指数、炎症因子水平、边缘骨吸收量、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)水平、种植体存留率。结果研究组种植体存留率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组治疗后菌斑指数(PLI)、牙袋深度(PD)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)、MMPs水平、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组的边缘骨吸收量(MBL)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论口腔种植修复治疗牙列缺损效果较为显著,种植体留存率较高,且不会增加牙槽骨吸收,但会刺激机体,引发炎症反应,对牙周炎也无明显改善效果。

无托槽隐形矫治联合种植修复治疗错[牙合]畸形伴牙列缺损的修复效果及对咀嚼功能的影响

目的:探究无托槽隐形矫治联合种植修复治疗错[牙合]畸形伴牙列缺损的修复情况及对咀嚼功能的影响。方法:采用随机数字表法将2020年7月-2022年7月笔者医院就诊的60例错[牙合]畸形伴牙列缺损患者分为两组,每组30例。对照组给予传统直丝弓矫治技术联合种植修复,观察组给予无托槽隐形矫治联合种植修复。比较两组的种植修复效果及治疗前后牙周健康指标、牙周美观度,采用种植体稳定系数判定种植体稳定性,分析联合治疗对患者咀嚼功能的影响。结果:两组的种植修复成功率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组倾斜牙扶正时间及转位牙扭正时间短于对照组,治疗后咀嚼效率高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗后龈沟出血指数、菌斑指数评分低于对照组,红色美学指数、白色美学指数和ISQ治疗后3个月的评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);两组并发症发生率对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:对错[牙合]畸形伴牙列缺损患者给予无托槽隐形矫治联合种植修复治疗,可改善患者的咀嚼功能及牙周健康状况,提高牙周美观度及种植体稳定性。

口腔种植术后疼痛机制及治疗的研究进展

随着口腔种植技术的快速发展,在牙列缺损或牙列缺失患者中,口腔种植修复已逐渐成为一种常规的修复方式。然而,口腔种植术作为“侵入性”治疗,即使经过准确的术前评估和规范的外科手术,患者也可能出现术后疼痛。术后疼痛会影响患者的语言交流、咀嚼及吞咽等,使患者的生活质量降低,甚至可引起医疗事故。随着种植手术的普及,未来可能会有更多的患者遭受种植术后疼痛,尤其是种植术后神经病理性疼痛,其治疗难度仍较大,且治疗药物的疗效往往不确切,并与各种不良反应有关。本文介绍了种植术后疼痛的相关机制,对种植术后疼痛的治疗进行概括,并结合当前研究热点提出未来治疗种植术后神经病理性疼痛的潜在靶点,旨在为开展相关临床工作提供新思路。