To prevent and reduce road traffic accidents and improve driver safety awareness and bad driving be-haviors,we propose a safety evaluation method for commercial vehicle driving behavior.Three driving style clas-sifica...To prevent and reduce road traffic accidents and improve driver safety awareness and bad driving be-haviors,we propose a safety evaluation method for commercial vehicle driving behavior.Three driving style clas-sification indexes were extracted using driving data from commercial vehicles and four primary and ten secondary safety evaluation indicators.Based on the stability of commercial vehicles transporting goods,the acceleration index is divided into three levels according to the statistical third quartile,and the evaluation expression of the safety index evaluation is established.Drivers were divided into conservative,moderate,and radical using K-means++.The weights corresponding to each index were calculated using a combination of the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation(CRITIC),and the driving behavior scores of various drivers were calculated according to the safety index score standard.The established AHP-CRITIC safety evaluation model was verified using the actual driving behavior data of commercial vehicle drivers.The calculation results show that the proposed evaluation model can clearly distinguish between the types of drivers with different driving styles,verifying its rationality and validity.The evaluation results can provide a reference for transportation management departments and enterprises.展开更多
Drug safety management is an important issue in China drug management system and attracts great attentions from the whole society.In order to reduce drug incident,this study discusses some important elements associate...Drug safety management is an important issue in China drug management system and attracts great attentions from the whole society.In order to reduce drug incident,this study discusses some important elements associated with China drug safety management system and analyzes the data collected by questionnaires.Besides,a methodology for rating the important elements is described and applied.The non-structural fuzzy group decision method not only considers the insufficient precise information but also combines the opinions of different kinds of respondents in China’s four municipalities.The results indicate that the sample systems are the most important in these important elements,and the order of importance is sampling systems,licensing systems,traceability systems,transaction models,pharmacovigilance and emergence management.This study not only points out the important ranking of the pivotal elements in China drug safety management but also gives some specific proposals about how to enhance drug safety management in China.展开更多
Purpose–It would take billions of miles’field road testing to demonstrate that the safety of automated vehicle is statistically significantly higher than the safety of human driving because that the accident of vehi...Purpose–It would take billions of miles’field road testing to demonstrate that the safety of automated vehicle is statistically significantly higher than the safety of human driving because that the accident of vehicle is rare event.Design/methodology/approach–This paper proposes an accelerated testing method for automated vehicles safety evaluation based on improved importance sampling(IS)techniques.Taking the typical cut-in scenario as example,the proposed method extracts the critical variables of the scenario.Then,the distributions of critical variables are statistically fitted.The genetic algorithm is used to calculate the optimal IS parameters by solving an optimization problem.Considering the error of distribution fitting,the result is modified so that it can accurately reveal the safety benefits of automated vehicles in the real world.Findings–Based on the naturalistic driving data in Shanghai,the proposed method is validated by simulation.The result shows that compared with the existing methods,the proposed method improves the test efficiency by 35 per cent,and the accuracy of accelerated test result is increased by 23 per cent.Originality/value–This paper has three contributions.First,the genetic algorithm is used to calculate IS parameters,which improves the efficiency of test.Second,the result of test is modified by the error correction parameter,which improves the accuracy of test result.Third,typical high-risk cut-in scenarios in China are analyzed,and the proposed method is validated by simulation.展开更多
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(No.2020GXNSFDA238011)the Open Fund Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Automation Detection Technology and Instrument(No.YQ21203)the Independent Research Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Auto Parts and Vehicle Technology(No.2020GKLACVTZZ02)。
文摘To prevent and reduce road traffic accidents and improve driver safety awareness and bad driving be-haviors,we propose a safety evaluation method for commercial vehicle driving behavior.Three driving style clas-sification indexes were extracted using driving data from commercial vehicles and four primary and ten secondary safety evaluation indicators.Based on the stability of commercial vehicles transporting goods,the acceleration index is divided into three levels according to the statistical third quartile,and the evaluation expression of the safety index evaluation is established.Drivers were divided into conservative,moderate,and radical using K-means++.The weights corresponding to each index were calculated using a combination of the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation(CRITIC),and the driving behavior scores of various drivers were calculated according to the safety index score standard.The established AHP-CRITIC safety evaluation model was verified using the actual driving behavior data of commercial vehicle drivers.The calculation results show that the proposed evaluation model can clearly distinguish between the types of drivers with different driving styles,verifying its rationality and validity.The evaluation results can provide a reference for transportation management departments and enterprises.
基金supported by a grant from Doctoral Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.20070010014)the Program for a New Century of Excellent University Talents,Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.NCET-07-0056).
文摘Drug safety management is an important issue in China drug management system and attracts great attentions from the whole society.In order to reduce drug incident,this study discusses some important elements associated with China drug safety management system and analyzes the data collected by questionnaires.Besides,a methodology for rating the important elements is described and applied.The non-structural fuzzy group decision method not only considers the insufficient precise information but also combines the opinions of different kinds of respondents in China’s four municipalities.The results indicate that the sample systems are the most important in these important elements,and the order of importance is sampling systems,licensing systems,traceability systems,transaction models,pharmacovigilance and emergence management.This study not only points out the important ranking of the pivotal elements in China drug safety management but also gives some specific proposals about how to enhance drug safety management in China.
基金The authors would like to thank the Natural Science Foundation of China(U1764261,51422812)the Shanghai Science and technology project of international cooperation(16510711400)for supporting this research.
文摘Purpose–It would take billions of miles’field road testing to demonstrate that the safety of automated vehicle is statistically significantly higher than the safety of human driving because that the accident of vehicle is rare event.Design/methodology/approach–This paper proposes an accelerated testing method for automated vehicles safety evaluation based on improved importance sampling(IS)techniques.Taking the typical cut-in scenario as example,the proposed method extracts the critical variables of the scenario.Then,the distributions of critical variables are statistically fitted.The genetic algorithm is used to calculate the optimal IS parameters by solving an optimization problem.Considering the error of distribution fitting,the result is modified so that it can accurately reveal the safety benefits of automated vehicles in the real world.Findings–Based on the naturalistic driving data in Shanghai,the proposed method is validated by simulation.The result shows that compared with the existing methods,the proposed method improves the test efficiency by 35 per cent,and the accuracy of accelerated test result is increased by 23 per cent.Originality/value–This paper has three contributions.First,the genetic algorithm is used to calculate IS parameters,which improves the efficiency of test.Second,the result of test is modified by the error correction parameter,which improves the accuracy of test result.Third,typical high-risk cut-in scenarios in China are analyzed,and the proposed method is validated by simulation.
