An analysis of agarwood trade patterns,historical perspectives,and species identification challenges:repercussions for importing nations

Background:Agarwood,primarily derived from the Aquilaria and Gyrinops genera,holds significant economic importance.However,there is a lack of comprehensive investigations providing guidance to importing nations regarding cultivation quantities and expected yields of Agarwood from distinct species.This study aims to address this gap by exploring the historical context and trade evolution of Agarwood,highlighting its global importance,and the challenges associated with securing accurate species information.Method:On-site visits to Agarwood cultivation sites were conducted to gain a nuanced understanding of Aquilaria species and their cultivation requirements.Additionally,a thorough analysis of global export and import data for Agarwood products over the last decade was undertaken.Results:China Mainland emerged as the leading exporter of Agarwood,averaging an annual export value of USD 1 million.India’s substantial exports challenge the prevailing notion of limited Agarwood production within its borders.Hong Kong and Singapore are pivotal distribution hubs,while Hong Kong and Taipei feature prominently as import destinations.Our analysis uncovers anomalies in the representation of Agarwood producers from 2001 to 2008,suggesting potential misclassification of Aquilaria Agarwood as Gyrinops in global export information.These findings underscore the urgency of investigating classification and reporting practices in the Agarwood trade.Furthermore,A.filaria emerges as a notable source,while A.malaccensis is decline in prominence.Conclusion:This study provides crucial insights for policymakers,stakeholders,and industry players seeking to make informed decisions in the Agarwood trade landscape.The results highlight the need for accurate species identification,classification,and reporting practices to ensure sustainable cultivation and trade of Agarwood.

A Two-Step Algorithm to Estimate Variable Importance for Multi-State Data:An Application to COVID-19

Survival data with amulti-state structure are frequently observed in follow-up studies.An analytic approach based on a multi-state model(MSM)should be used in longitudinal health studies in which a patient experiences a sequence of clinical progression events.One main objective in the MSM framework is variable selection,where attempts are made to identify the risk factors associated with the transition hazard rates or probabilities of disease progression.The usual variable selection methods,including stepwise and penalized methods,do not provide information about the importance of variables.In this context,we present a two-step algorithm to evaluate the importance of variables formulti-state data.Three differentmachine learning approaches(randomforest,gradient boosting,and neural network)as themost widely usedmethods are considered to estimate the variable importance in order to identify the factors affecting disease progression and rank these factors according to their importance.The performance of our proposed methods is validated by simulation and applied to the COVID-19 data set.The results revealed that the proposed two-stage method has promising performance for estimating variable importance.

China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products Holds China-Saudi Investment Conference

On December 12th,2023,the China-Saudi Investment Conference,co-sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China and the Ministry of Investment of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,and organised by the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products.

An Inexpensive and Simple Experimental Approach for the Estimation of Solute Import into Groundwater and Subsequent Export Using Inflow/Outflow Data

In agricultural catchments where groundwater (GW) base flow discharge contributes substantially towards stream flow, the information linking GW inflow/outflow with contaminant import/export is scarce. However, this information is essential to address aquatic ecosystem health hazard/risk associated with nitrate export and subsequent loading in sensitive surface water bodies (SWB). The objectives of this study were to assess the temporal dynamics of (i) rain water inflow/outflow behaviour in three agricultural catchments in the humid tropics of far-northeast Queensland of Australia, (ii) solute import via inflow and subsequent export in outflow, and (iii) the association between GW inflow/outflow and solute import/export. Approximately 71% of the average seasonal rainfall percolated (inflow) into the porous basaltic regolith of the Johnstone River Catchment (JRC) compared with 44% into the alluvial regolith in the Mulgrave River Catchment (MRC) and 29% into the metamorphic regolith in the Tully River Catchment (TRC), respectively. The outflows from the basaltic, alluvial, and metamorphic regoliths were 56%, 36%, and 55% of the inflows, respectively. The cumulative nitrate import per season was 25 k/ha in the JRC compared with 11 kg/ha in MRC and 34 kg/ha in TRC. The corresponding exports were 24 kg/ha, 8 kg/ha 26 kg/ha in JRC, MRC, and TRC, respectively. The total dissolved solute (TDS) exports were 82%, 77%, 75%, of the corresponding imports in JRC, MRC, and TRC, respectively. Simple correlations indicated that nitrate export was positively correlated with the outflow in each one of the regolith and similar trends were observed between inflow and import. The import/export mass balance for nitrate shows that 73% to 96% of the imports were exported during the same rainy season, suggesting the potential for nitrate associated ecosystem health hazard/risk in sensitive SWB receiving the outflows.

Building the ARIMA Model for Forecasting the Production of Vietnam’s Coffee Export

Coffee is a significant industry, accounting for 3% of Vietnam’s GDP, with annual export turnover consistently exceeding USD 3 billion. Despite global economic challenges affecting purchasing power at various times, Vietnam’s coffee exports in December 2023 continued to surge, reaching the highest level in the past 9 months at 190,000 tons, a 59.3% increase compared to November 2023, but still a slight 3.5% decrease from the same period last year. The export turnover reached USD 538 million, a 51% increase from November 2023 and a 26.4% increase from the same period last year. Therefore, forecasting the coffee export volume holds significant importance for coffee producers nationwide. This research employs the Box-Jenkins method to construct an ARIMA model for forecasting Vietnam’s coffee export volume based on annual data published by the General Statistics Office. Results indicate that among the models considered, the ARIMA(1, 1, 2) model is the most suitable. The study also provides short-term forecasts for Vietnam’s coffee export volume. However, the current model is limited to forecasting and is not yet optimized, as the assumed linearity in the model is a simplification.

AQSIQ Builds an Import & Export Commodity Inspection & Quarantine Information Database

To comprehensively strengthen the quality of work and ensure the safe processing of import and export commodities, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China (AQSIQ) recently initiated the establishment of a China import and export commodity inspection and quarantine information database.……

大型过程建模的Import/Export解决方案

文章分析了大型复杂过程的建模需求，基于已研发的企事业过程建模系统EPMS，提出了将Import／Export技术用于大型过程建模的解决方案，通过过程模型的拆分和组装，从而支持过程模型的多人员、异地并行建模模式和过程重用。

Impact of Sino-US Trade Friction on Import and Export Trade Pattern of Soybean in Heilongjiang

Under the background of Sino-US trade friction,soybean,as an important variety in the important and export trade of agricultural products,has become a key bargaining chip. After the Ministry of Commerce of China announced the counter list of agricultural products including soybean,the price fluctuations of domestic soybean and related agricultural products are rapidly expanding. Under the background of SinoUS trade friction,taking the soybean-producing areas in Heilongjiang as an example,the impact of Sino-US trade friction on the important and export pattern of soybean in Heilongjiang was explored to provide a certain theoretical basis for the development of soybean industry in Heilongjiang.

Sources and Flows of Embodied CO_2 Emissions in Import and Export Trade of China

This paper uses the Global Trade Analysis Project(version 7)database to calculate embodied CO2emissions in bilateral trade between China and other countries(regions)based on input-output methods.The sources and flows of embodied CO2emissions in import and export trade of China are analyzed.Results show that the flows of embodied CO2emissions in export trade are highly concentrated.The main flows to the United States(US)and Japan account for 1/4 and 1/7 of the total CO2emissions in export trade,respectively.Concentrated flows of total exports and small differences in export structure are the main reasons for the highly concentrated export trade.The sources of embodied CO2emissions in import trade have relatively low concentration.Taiwan Province of China,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,US,Russia,Republic of Korea,and Japan account for around 7.72%–12.67%of the total embodied CO2emissions in import trade.The relative dispersion of import sources,the impact of the import structure,and the level of production technology in importing countries caused low concentration of CO2emissions in import trade.Overall,the embodied CO2emissions in the export trade of China are higher than those in import trade.As a result,production-based CO2emissions are higher than consumption-based CO2emissions.The difference of 8.96×108t of CO2,which comes mainly from the US,Japan,Germany,and the United Kingdom,accounts for 58.70%of the total difference.Some suggestions,such as improving energy efficiency,alerting high carbon-intensive industries transfer,expanding the market for sharing risks,and prompting the accounting system of consumption-based CO2emissions,are proposed based on the results.

CHANGE OF NUTRIENT IMPORT AND EXPORT IN PROCESS OF RAINFALL IN AILAO MOUNTAIN OF YUNNAN PROVINCE

In this paper,the effects of rainfall on nutrient import and export in the broad-leaved evergreen forest in southwest Yunnan Province have been observed. The results show that in the process of rainfall the nutrient import in rainfall is mainly N and the major elements of nutrient import in throughrain are P, K and Mg. They occupy 69. 85%,77.33%,98.19%,and 80. 40% of the total nutrient import respectively. Ca occupies about half of the total nutrient import in rainfall and throughrain and the percentages are 45.35% and 54.38% respectively. The major form of nutrient export is soil percolation.N,P, K,Ca and Mg occupy 96.52%,86.79%, 69.13%, 98.17% and 97.21 % of the total nutrient export respectively.In nutrient cycle,N,P,K and Ca increase 25. 94 kg/(ha.a),0. 353 kg/(ha.a),3. 83 kg/(ha.a),1. 26 kg/(ha.a) respectively,but Mg reduces 0. 654 kg/(ha. a).

Water pollution footprints induced by industrial import and export in China

With the rapid development of foreign trade in China, industrial import and export has been an absolute subject in recent years. The huge trade surplus of import and export trade of industrial products brings not only high profits, but also pollution costs as well. Based on the concept of water pollution footprints(WPFs), this study applies the input-output method and calculates pollutant-producing coefficients of 20 major industrial sectors in China and investigates the WPFs caused by the import and export trades of these industrial sectors. The research results show that WPF resulting from exports exceeds that of imports from 2011 to 2015 in China. The net inflow of pollution footprint is mainly from paper mills, printing and stationery manufacturing, and textile industry; whereas a great number of WPFs are transferred to other countries by these sectors,such as metal mining and dressing industry and oil and natural gas exploitation industry.

Oracle的实用工具Export/Import

介绍了大型关系数据库系统Oracle的一对实用工具Export/Import的使用方式、范围等 ,并以武汉市电信局“九七工程”的应用实例加以说明。

Analyzing the Relation between Greek Paper and Paperboard Imports and Exports with Macroeconomic Variables

This paper describes the relation between Greek imports and exports of paper and paperboard and a number of major macroeconomic variables, such as population, gross domestic product, the industrial production index and domestic round wood production. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis were employed in the analysis of the data. The study shows that there is no significant relation between paper and paperboard imports as a dependent variable and population, gross domestic product and domestic round wood production as independent variables. Despite this, an acceptable model is constructed using only gross domestic product as an independent variable. The study also shows that there is a significant relation between the export of paper and paperboard and gross domestic product, the industrial production index and round wood production. The results indicate that gross domestic product as an independent variable has the greatest effect on wood imports and exports in Greece during the period studied. Using these models is confirmed that the use of socioeconomic variables and the construction of future scenarios for the Greek forest sector is very efficient considering the special characteristics of the Greek economy. These models could help the establishment of economic growth, the reduction of the financial and ecological deficit, the implementation of economic reforms and to increase new investments.

Paleomagnetic Data and Dyke Swarms Geometries – Important Tools for Precambrian Paleogeographic Reconstructions

There are only two quantitative tools for Precambrian paleogeographic reconstructions–paleomagnetic data and dyke swarms geometries.Paleomagnetic data provide information about paleolatitudes and orientation of rigid

Intelligence Plus Application Makes Data Protection More Important

During the China International Fair for Trade in Services at the end of May 2019,many people in the industry gathered at the'2019 China Intelligent Industry Forum'and discussed the future innovation and integration of China’s intelligence industry.This would become another grand event in the field of artificial intelligence(AI),and it strongly promoted the development of China’s industry of AI.

The Import & Export Bank of China——An interview with Tong Zhiguang, Chairman of the Board

Since the founding of the Import and Export Bank of China, one of the few policy banks in China and the first of its kind to support the import and export trade, on July 1, 1994, it has aroused great attention in financial, economic and trade fields at home and abroad. The bank was co-established by the Bank of China, the Ministry of Foreign Trade

Both Import and Export Growth Dropped in 2015

China’s foreign trade in 2015 2015 was a very unusual year in the history of China’s foreign trade,the situation became more complicated,and downward pressure increased significantly.According to Customs figures,China’s total import and export in 2015 reached 24.58 trillion yuan,down 7%year on year(the same below).Export was 14.14 trillion yuan,down 1.8%,and import 10.45 trillion yuan。

An Empirical Study on the Relationship Between China's Maize Price and Maize Import and Export Trade

Based on the time series of China’s maize trade and domestic maize price,the article analyzes the relationship between domestic maize price and China’s maize international trade by using empirical methods.The results show that there is a connection between domestic maize prices and China's maize international trade,but the link is not very close.Domestic maize price is the cause of China’s maize international trade change,but its impact is very limited;China's maize international trade also can make some difference on the domestic maize price.Based on the results of research,the article brings three suggestion and expectation to adjust China’s maize international trade and the cost control reasonably in order to stabilize domestic maize price and maize yield,and to protect domestic grain security.

Jiangsu Machinery & Equipment Import & Export Corp.

With its headquarters in Nanjing and founded in 1978, the Jiangsu Machinery & Equipment Import & Export (Group) Corporation is one of the major members of the China machinery & Equipment Import & Export Group. It has over twenty exclusive investment or holding companies at home and abroad,