Improvement of Binocular Reconstruction Algorithm for Measuring 3D Pavement Texture Using a Single Laser Line Scanning Constraint

The dense and accurate measurement of 3D texture is helpful in evaluating the pavement function.To form dense mandatory constraints and improve matching accuracy,the traditional binocular reconstruction technology was improved threefold.First,a single moving laser line was introduced to carry out global scanning constraints on the target,which would well overcome the difficulty of installing and recognizing excessive laser lines.Second,four kinds of improved algorithms,namely,disparity replacement,superposition synthesis,subregion segmentation,and subregion segmentation centroid enhancement,were established based on different constraint mechanism.Last,the improved binocular reconstruction test device was developed to realize the dual functions of 3D texture measurement and precision self-evaluation.Results show that compared with traditional algorithms,the introduction of a single laser line scanning constraint is helpful in improving the measurement’s accuracy.Among various improved algorithms,the improvement effect of the subregion segmentation centroid enhancement method is the best.It has a good effect on both overall measurement and single pointmeasurement,which can be considered to be used in pavement function evaluation.

Structural plane recognition from three-dimensional laser scanning points using an improved region-growing algorithm based on the robust randomized Hough transform

The staggered distribution of joints and fissures in space constitutes the weak part of any rock mass.The identification of rock mass structural planes and the extraction of characteristic parameters are the basis of rock-mass integrity evaluation,which is very important for analysis of slope stability.The laser scanning technique can be used to acquire the coordinate information pertaining to each point of the structural plane,but large amount of point cloud data,uneven density distribution,and noise point interference make the identification efficiency and accuracy of different types of structural planes limited by point cloud data analysis technology.A new point cloud identification and segmentation algorithm for rock mass structural surfaces is proposed.Based on the distribution states of the original point cloud in different neighborhoods in space,the point clouds are characterized by multi-dimensional eigenvalues and calculated by the robust randomized Hough transform(RRHT).The normal vector difference and the final eigenvalue are proposed for characteristic distinction,and the identification of rock mass structural surfaces is completed through regional growth,which strengthens the difference expression of point clouds.In addition,nearest Voxel downsampling is also introduced in the RRHT calculation,which further reduces the number of sources of neighborhood noises,thereby improving the accuracy and stability of the calculation.The advantages of the method have been verified by laboratory models.The results showed that the proposed method can better achieve the segmentation and statistics of structural planes with interfaces and sharp boundaries.The method works well in the identification of joints,fissures,and other structural planes on Mangshezhai slope in the Three Gorges Reservoir area,China.It can provide a stable and effective technique for the identification and segmentation of rock mass structural planes,which is beneficial in engineering practice.

Asymmetric image encryption algorithm based on a new three-dimensional improved logistic chaotic map

Based on some analyses of existing chaotic image encryption frameworks and a new designed three-dimensional improved logistic chaotic map(3D-ILM),an asymmetric image encryption algorithm using public-key Rivest–Shamir–Adleman(RSA)is presented in this paper.In the first stage,a new 3D-ILM is proposed to enhance the chaotic behavior considering analysis of time sequence,Lyapunov exponent,and Shannon entropy.In the second stage,combined with the public key RSA algorithm,a new key acquisition mathematical model(MKA)is constructed to obtain the initial keys for the 3D-ILM.Consequently,the key stream can be produced depending on the plain image for a higher security.Moreover,a novel process model(NPM)for the input of the 3D-ILM is built,which is built to improve the distribution uniformity of the chaotic sequence.In the third stage,to encrypt the plain image,a pre-process by exclusive OR(XOR)operation with a random matrix is applied.Then,the pre-processed image is performed by a permutation for rows,a downward modulo function for adjacent pixels,a permutation for columns,a forward direction XOR addition-modulo diffusion,and a backward direction XOR addition-modulo diffusion to achieve the final cipher image.Moreover,experiments show that the the proposed algorithm has a better performance.Especially,the number of pixels change rate(NPCR)is close to ideal case 99.6094%,with the unified average changing intensity(UACI)close to 33.4634%,and the information entropy(IE)close to 8.

一种改进型1-3-2压电复合材料的研究

高质量的压电换能器需要具备较高的机电耦合系数和灵敏度。该文在传统型1-3-2压电复合材料的基础上提出了一种改进型1-3-2压电材料,提高了压电换能器的机电耦合系数和换能器的接收灵敏度。通过有限元仿真分析了不同间距对改进型1-3-2压电材料敏感元件的谐振频率、反谐振频率及机电耦合系数的影响,并与传统1-3-2型压电复合材料进行了对比。结果表明,与传统型1-3-2压电复合材料相比,在相同间距条件下,改进型压电材料的机电耦合系数约大0.03。制做的3种不同间距改进型压电材料表明,间距为1 mm的改进型压电材料的机电耦合系数较大,约为0.68。

Improved Z^(1/3) Law of Nuclear Charge Radius

原子费用半径的一条改进 Z 1/3 法律被介绍。在现在可得到的计算、试验性的原子费用半径之间的比较证明这个新公式比另外的常规公式好。

Improved Polarization Retention of BiFeO3 Thin Films Using GdScO3(110)Substrates

Epitaxial ferroelectric one direction over the thin fihns on single-crystal substrates generally show a preferred domain orientation in other in demonstration of a poor polarization retention. This behavior will affect their application in nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memories where bipolar polarization states are used to store the logic 0 and 1 data. Here the retention characteristics of BiFe03 thin films with Srftu03 bottom electrodes on both GdSc03 （110） and SrTiO3 （100） substrates are studied and compared, and the results of piezoresponse force microscopy provide a long time retention property of the films on two substrates. It is found that bismuth ferrite thin films grown on GdScO3 substrates show no preferred domain variants in comparison with the preferred downward polarization orientation toward bottom electrodes on SrTi03 substrates. Tile retention test from a positive-up domain to a negative-down domain using a signal generator and an oscilloscope coincidentally shows bistable polarization states on the GdSeOa substrate over a measuring time of 500s, unlike the preferred domain orientation on SrTi03, where more than 65~o of upward domains disappear after 1 s. In addition, different sizes of domains have been written and read by using the scanning tip of piezoresponse force microscopy, where the polarization can stabilize over one month. This study paves one route to improve the polarization retention property through the optimization of the lattice-mismatched stresses between films and substrates.

Edge detection of gravity anomaly with an improved 3D structure tensor

Edge detection plays an important role in geological interpretation of potential field data,which can indicate the subsurface faults,contact,and other tectonic features.A variety of methods have been proposed to detect and enhance the edges.3 D structure tensor can well delineate the edges of geological bodies,however,it is sensitive to noise and additional false edges need to be removed artificially.In order to overcome these disadvantages,this paper redefines the 3 D structure tensor with a Gaussian envelop and proposes a new normalized edge detector,which can remove the additional false edges and reduce the influence of noise effectively,and balance the edges of different amplitude anomalies completely.This method has been tested on the synthetic and measured gravity data,showing that the new improved method achievesbetter results and reveals more details.

Clinical application of improved 2D computer-assisted fluoroscopic navigation through simulating a 3D vertebrae image to guide pedicle screw internal fixation

Objective To study the effect of using improved 2D computer-assisted fluoroscopic navigation through simulating 3D vertebrae image to guide pedicle screw internal fixation.Methods Posterior pedicle screw internal fixation,distraction

香豆素-3-羧酸的绿色合成及其光谱性质研究

对“香豆素-3-羧酸的制备”实验方案做了改进:以绿色无毒的L-脯氨酸为催化剂,在无溶剂的条件下制得中间体,采用“一锅煮”不分离的方法得到高产率的香豆素-3-羧酸。运用红外光谱、核磁共振等手段表征结构,研究了紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱性质。改进后的实验方案绿色环保、产率高、重现性好、成本低、综合性强,有助于培养学生探索、创新的研究精神和团队协作能力,提升学生分析整理数据,运用理论知识解决问题的综合实验技能,适合推广至本科生高年级教学。

基于3D-PCNN和互信息的3D-3D医学图像配准方法

基于特征的配准方法配准精度低,基于互信息的配准方法虽然配准精度高但计算量大且易陷入局部极值。针对此问题,提出一种基于脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)和互信息的由粗到细的3D-3D医学图像配准方法。首先,将2D-PCNN模型扩展成能直接处理三维图像的3D-PCNN模型。然后,采用Eckhorn简化输入部分方式对扩展的3D-PCNN模型进行简化,并用线性衰减阈值代替指数衰减阈值,降低了PCNN网络计算复杂度。为了自适应确定参数值,从待处理的三维图像的二维切片图像中随机选择一幅切片图利用二维参数优化方法求出2D-PCNN参数值,并将此参数值作为3D-PCNN的参数值。最后,后利用PCNN网络点火集群的平移、旋转、尺度缩放、扭曲等不变特性将各次迭代点火集群的几何重心作为特征点,实现图像粗配准,获得初始配准参数,将此粗配准参数结果作为基于互信息配准搜索算法的初始参数值,使得搜索始终围绕全局最优值附近进行,进一步微调细化参数,得到最终较高精度的配准结果。

Identification of Convective and Stratiform Clouds Based on the Improved DBSCAN Clustering Algorithm

A convective and stratiform cloud classification method for weather radar is proposed based on the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN)algorithm.To identify convective and stratiform clouds in different developmental phases,two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)models are proposed by applying reflectivity factors at 0.5°and at 0.5°,1.5°,and 2.4°elevation angles,respectively.According to the thresholds of the algorithm,which include echo intensity,the echo top height of 35 dBZ(ET),density threshold,andεneighborhood,cloud clusters can be marked into four types:deep-convective cloud(DCC),shallow-convective cloud(SCC),hybrid convective-stratiform cloud(HCS),and stratiform cloud(SFC)types.Each cloud cluster type is further identified as a core area and boundary area,which can provide more abundant cloud structure information.The algorithm is verified using the volume scan data observed with new-generation S-band weather radars in Nanjing,Xuzhou,and Qingdao.The results show that cloud clusters can be intuitively identified as core and boundary points,which change in area continuously during the process of convective evolution,by the improved DBSCAN algorithm.Therefore,the occurrence and disappearance of convective weather can be estimated in advance by observing the changes of the classification.Because density thresholds are different and multiple elevations are utilized in the 3D model,the identified echo types and areas are dissimilar between the 2D and 3D models.The 3D model identifies larger convective and stratiform clouds than the 2D model.However,the developing convective clouds of small areas at lower heights cannot be identified with the 3D model because they are covered by thick stratiform clouds.In addition,the 3D model can avoid the influence of the melting layer and better suggest convective clouds in the developmental stage.

Indices of El Nio and El Nio Modoki:An Improved El Nio Modoki Index

In recent years, El Nino Modoki （a type of pseudo-El Nino） has been distinguished as a unique large-scale ocean warming phenomenon happening in the central tropical Pacific that is quite different from the traditional El Nino. In this study, EOF analysis was used to successfully separate El Nino and El Nino Modoki. The abilities of the NINO3 index, NINO3.4 index, NINO1＋2 index and NINO4 index in characterizing El Nino were explored in detail. The resulting suggestion was that, comparatively, NINO3 is the optimal index for monitoring El Nino among the four NINO indices, as the other NINO indices were found to be less good at distinguishing between El Nino and El Nino Modoki signals, or were easily disturbed by El Nino Modoki signals. Further, an improved El Nino Modoki index （IEMI） was introduced in the current paper to better represent the El Nino Modoki that is captured by the second leading EOF mode of monthly tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies （SSTAs）. The IEMI is an improvement of the El Nino Modoki index （EMI） through adjustments made to the inappropriate weight coefficients of the three boxes of EMI. The IEMI therefore overcomes the EMI’s inability to monitor the two historical El Nino Modoki events, as well as avoids the possible risk （present in the EMI） of excluding the interference of the El Nino signal. The realistic and potential advantages of the IEMI are clear.

Optimization of buckling load for laminated composite plates using adaptive Kriging-improved PSO:A novel hybrid intelligent method

An effective hybrid optimization method is proposed by integrating an adaptive Kriging(A-Kriging)into an improved partial swarm optimization algorithm(IPSO)to give a so-called A-Kriging-IPSO for maximizing the buckling load of laminated composite plates(LCPs)under uniaxial and biaxial compressions.In this method,a novel iterative adaptive Kriging model,which is structured using two training sample sets as active and adaptive points,is utilized to directly predict the buckling load of the LCPs and to improve the efficiency of the optimization process.The active points are selected from the initial data set while the adaptive points are generated using the radial random-based convex samples.The cell-based smoothed discrete shear gap method(CS-DSG3)is employed to analyze the buckling behavior of the LCPs to provide the response of adaptive and input data sets.The buckling load of the LCPs is maximized by utilizing the IPSO algorithm.To demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed methodology,the LCPs with different layers(2,3,4,and 10 layers),boundary conditions,aspect ratios and load patterns(biaxial and uniaxial loads)are investigated.The results obtained by proposed method are in good agreement with the literature results,but with less computational burden.By applying adaptive radial Kriging model,the accurate optimal resultsebased predictions of the buckling load are obtained for the studied LCPs.

Improved anti-Stokes energy transfer between rare earth ions in Er(0.5)Yb(9.5):FOV oxyfluoride vitroceramics explains the strong color reversal

The widely used energy transfer theory is a foundation of luminescence, in which the rates of Stokes and anti-Stokes processes have the same calculation formula. An improvement on the anti-Stokes energy transfer to explain the fluorescence intensity reversal between the red and green fluorescence of Er（0.5）Yb（9.5）：FOV is reported in the present article. The range of the intensity reversal Z was measured to be 877. Dynamic processes for 16 levels were simulated. A coefficient, the improvement factor of the intensity ratio of Stokes to anti-Stokes processes in quantum Raman theory compared to classical Raman theory, is introduced to successfully describe the anti-Stokes energy transfer. A new method to calculate the distance between the rare earth ions, which is critical for the energy transfer calculation, is proposed. The validity of these important improvements is also proved by experiment.

Design of functionalized fluorescent ionic liquid and its application for achieving significant improvements in Al^3t detecting

Specific fluorophore was introduced into ionic liquid based on its tunability,thus a kind of novel fluorescent ionic liquid probe[P66614][HQS]was designed,synthesized and characterized.Compared with non-fluorescent HQS,ionic liquid[P66614][HQS]emitted a certain amount of fluorescence,which could be attributed to the well-delocalized frontier orbitals and its charge transfer character,as demonstrated by quantum chemical calculation.Considering the interaction of[P66614][HQS]with metal ions,the application for detecting specific substance as a chemical sensor,such as Al3+was investigated.Compared with the traditional probe HQS,significant improvements in Al^3+detecting was achieved by[P66614][HQS]with stronger binding ability,better sensitivity and selectivity.The better performance of[P66614][HQS]was contributed to the changed charge distribution,leading to the stronger binding interaction.We believe that this new fluorescent ionic liquid exhibited unique properties in detecting Al^3+in aqueous solution,which would broaden the application of ionic liquids.

Improvement of Performance of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Both a MoO3 Hole Injection Layer and a MoO3 Doped Hole Transport Layer

We improve the performance of organic light-emitting diodes （OLEDs） with both a MoO3 hole injection layer （HIL） and a MoO3 doped hole transport layer （HTL）, and present a systematical and comparative investigation on these devices. Compared with OLEDs with only MoO3 HIL or MoO3 doped HTL, OLEDs with both MoO3 HIL and MoO3 doped HTL show superior performance in driving voltage, power efficiency, and stability. Based on the typical NPB/Alq3 heterojunction structure, OLEDs with both MoO3 HIL and MoO3 doped HTL show a driving voltage of 5.4 V and a power efficiency of 1.41 lm/W for 1000 cd/m2, and a lifetime of around 0. 88 h with an initial luminance of 5268 cd/m2 under a constant current of 190 mA/cm2 operation in air without encapsulation. While OLEDs with only MoO3 HIL or MoO3 doped HTL show higher driving voltages of 6.4 V or 5.8 V and lower power efficiencies of 1.201m/W or 1.341m/W for 1000cd/m2, and a shorter lifetime of 0.33 or 0.60h with an initial luminance of around 5122 or 5300cd/m2 under a constant current of 200 or 216mA/cm2 operation. Our results demonstrate clearly that using both MoO3 HIL and MoO3 doped HTL is a simple and effective approach to simultaneoasly improve both the hole injection and transport efficiency, resulting from the lowered energy barrier at the anode interface and the increased hole carrier density in MoO3 doped HTL.

改性1-3型压电复合材料理论模型与仿真

针对高机电耦合系数和曲面换能器的应用需求,该文提出一种由压电陶瓷、环氧树脂和硅橡胶三相复合的改进1-3型压电复合材料,基于Newnhams串、并联分析对复合材料的理论模型进行了推导,并利用Matlab进行了数值计算,分析了改性1-3型复合材料的结构参数对厚度机电耦合系数、等效密度和厚度频率常数的影响。结果表明,陶瓷-环氧复合相的体积分数为0.2~0.5,陶瓷-环氧复合相中的压电陶瓷体积分数为0.6~0.7时,改性1-3型压电复合材料的性能参数较好;利用ANSYS软件对复合材料进行了有限元仿真,将仿真结果与理论计算进行了对比,二者具有较好的一致性,验证了理论模型评估材料性能的准确性。

怀3井土壤气氡集气装置改进及数据分析

为解决怀3井土壤气氡集气装置因周边环境影响造成的观测数据质量问题,用AlphaGUARD系列P2000测氡仪对新土壤气氡观测钻孔深度、位置及集气装置进行了选点并设计改造。数据结果显示:新土壤气氡集气装置保障了地下气体有效的收集,观测数据日变化规则,同时动态稳定性及内在质量明显提高,观测数据可靠可信,能较为真实地反映怀3井土壤气氡浓度变化,保证了土壤气氡观测资料的延续性。

基于改进蝴蝶优化算法的无人机3-D航迹规划方法

针对基本蝴蝶优化算法(Butterfly optimization algorithm,BOA)在进行无人机(Unmanned aerial vehicle,UAV)三维航迹规划时存在的搜索速度慢、搜索精度低以及易陷入局部最优等问题,提出一种改进的蝴蝶优化算法(Improved butterfly optimization algorithm,IBOA)。在全局搜索阶段提出对数自适应惯性权重策略和动态更新调节策略,提高了算法全局搜索能力和搜索精度。同时,在局部搜索阶段,提出一种动态概率余弦选择策略,增加位置更新多样性,避免陷入局部最优。首先,为检验改进算法与基本算法的寻优性能,在部分标准多元函数上进行仿真对比。对比结果表明,改进算法对复杂函数具有较强的寻优能力,能在更短时间内找到全局最优解。然后,在二维路径规划仿真中对比了改进算法与PSO算法性能,从对比结果看,IBOA具有更优的规划效果。接着,利用山峰模拟函数对UAV三维航迹规划进行建模,将改进算法应用到航迹规划中,利用MATLAB仿真对比了不同复杂度环境下的航迹规划效果。仿真实验表明:相同实验条件下,该优化算法较BOA综合适应度值减小21.9%,具有搜索速度快、搜索精度高等优点,能够有效地指导UAV在三维环境中完成自主导航避障任务。

3D Human Pose Estimation Using Two-Stream Architecture with Joint Training

With the advancement of image sensing technology, estimating 3Dhuman pose frommonocular video has becomea hot research topic in computer vision. 3D human pose estimation is an essential prerequisite for subsequentaction analysis and understanding. It empowers a wide spectrum of potential applications in various areas, suchas intelligent transportation, human-computer interaction, and medical rehabilitation. Currently, some methodsfor 3D human pose estimation in monocular video employ temporal convolutional network (TCN) to extractinter-frame feature relationships, but the majority of them suffer from insufficient inter-frame feature relationshipextractions. In this paper, we decompose the 3D joint location regression into the bone direction and length, wepropose the TCG, a temporal convolutional network incorporating Gaussian error linear units (GELU), to solvebone direction. It enablesmore inter-frame features to be captured andmakes the utmost of the feature relationshipsbetween data. Furthermore, we adopt kinematic structural information to solve bone length enhancing the use ofintra-frame joint features. Finally, we design a loss function for joint training of the bone direction estimationnetwork with the bone length estimation network. The proposed method has extensively experimented on thepublic benchmark dataset Human3.6M. Both quantitative and qualitative experimental results showed that theproposed method can achieve more accurate 3D human pose estimations.