Prediction of the Slope Solute Loss Based on BP Neural Network

The existence of soil macropores is a common phenomenon.Due to the existence of soil macropores,the amount of solute loss carried by water is deeply modified,which affects watershed hydrologic response.In this study,a new improved BP(Back Propagation)neural network method,using Levenberg–Marquand training algorithm,was used to analyze the solute loss on slopes taking into account the soil macropores.The rainfall intensity,duration,the slope,the characteristic scale of macropores and the adsorption coefficient of ions,are used as the variables of network input layer.The network middle layer is used as hidden layer,the number of hidden nodes is five,and a tangent transfer function is used as its neurons transfer function.The cumulative solute loss on the slope is used as the variable of network output layer.A linear transfer function is used as its neurons transfer function.Artificial rainfall simulation experiments are conducted in indoor experimental tanks in order to verify this model.The error analysis and the performance comparison between the proposed method and traditional gradient descent method are done.The results show that the convergence rate and the prediction accuracy of the proposed method are obviously higher than that of traditional gradient descent method.In addition,using the experimental data,the influence of soil macropores on slope solute loss has been further confirmed before the simulation.

An Algorithm to Recognize the Target Object Contour Based on 2D Point Clouds by Laser-CCD-Scanning

For a vision measurement system consisted of laser-CCD scanning sensors, an algorithm is proposed to extract and recognize the target object contour. Firstly, the two-dimensional（2D） point cloud that is output by the integrated laser sensor is transformed into a binary image. Secondly, the potential target object contours are segmented and extracted based on the connected domain labeling and adaptive corner detection. Then, the target object contour is recognized by improved Hu invariant moments and BP neural network classifier. Finally, we extract the point data of the target object contour through the reverse transformation from a binary image to a 2D point cloud. The experimental results show that the average recognition rate is 98.5% and the average recognition time is 0.18 s per frame. This algorithm realizes the real-time tracking of the target object in the complex background and the condition of multi-moving objects.