High-precision solution to the moving load problem using an improved spectral element method

In this paper, the spectral element method(SEM)is improved to solve the moving load problem. In this method, a structure with uniform geometry and material properties is considered as a spectral element, which means that the element number and the degree of freedom can be reduced significantly. Based on the variational method and the Laplace transform theory, the spectral stiffness matrix and the equivalent nodal force of the beam-column element are established. The static Green function is employed to deduce the improved function. The proposed method is applied to two typical engineering practices—the one-span bridge and the horizontal jib of the tower crane. The results have revealed the following. First, the new method can yield extremely high-precision results of the dynamic deflection, the bending moment and the shear force in the moving load problem.In most cases, the relative errors are smaller than 1%. Second, by comparing with the finite element method, one can obtain the highly accurate results using the improved SEM with smaller element numbers. Moreover, the method can be widely used for statically determinate as well as statically indeterminate structures. Third, the dynamic deflection of the twin-lift jib decreases with the increase in the moving load speed, whereas the curvature of the deflection increases.Finally, the dynamic deflection, the bending moment and the shear force of the jib will all increase as the magnitude of the moving load increases.

Single-Channel Speech Enhancement Based on Improved Frame-Iterative Spectral Subtraction in the Modulation Domain

Aiming at the problem of music noise introduced by classical spectral subtraction,a shorttime modulation domain(STM)spectral subtraction method has been successfully applied for singlechannel speech enhancement.However,due to the inaccurate voice activity detection(VAD),the residual music noise and enhanced performance still need to be further improved,especially in the low signal to noise ratio(SNR)scenarios.To address this issue,an improved frame iterative spectral subtraction in the STM domain(IMModSSub)is proposed.More specifically,with the inter-frame correlation,the noise subtraction is directly applied to handle the noisy signal for each frame in the STM domain.Then,the noisy signal is classified into speech or silence frames based on a predefined threshold of segmented SNR.With these classification results,a corresponding mask function is developed for noisy speech after noise subtraction.Finally,exploiting the increased sparsity of speech signal in the modulation domain,the orthogonal matching pursuit(OMP)technique is employed to the speech frames for improving the speech quality and intelligibility.The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated with three types of noise,including white noise,pink noise,and hfchannel noise.The obtained results show that the proposed method outperforms some established baselines at lower SNRs(-5 to +5 dB).

An Improved Chirplet Transform and Its Application for Harmonics Detection

The chirplet transform is the generalization form of fast Fourier transform , short-time Fourier transform, and wavelet transform. It has the most flexible time frequency window and successfully used in practices. However, the chirplet transform has not inherent inverse transform, and can not overcome the signal reconstructing problem. In this paper, we proposed the improved chirplet transform (ICT) and constructed the inverse ICT. Finally, by simulating the harmonic voltages, The power of the improved chirplet transform are illustrated for harmonic detection. The contours clearly showed the harmonic occurrence time and harmonic duration.

System error iterative identification for underwater positioning based on spectral clustering

The observation error model of the underwater acous-tic positioning system is an important factor to influence the positioning accuracy of the underwater target.For the position inconsistency error caused by considering the underwater tar-get as a mass point,as well as the observation system error,the traditional error model best estimation trajectory(EMBET)with little observed data and too many parameters can lead to the ill-condition of the parameter model.In this paper,a multi-station fusion system error model based on the optimal polynomial con-straint is constructed,and the corresponding observation sys-tem error identification based on improved spectral clustering is designed.Firstly,the reduced parameter unified modeling for the underwater target position parameters and the system error is achieved through the polynomial optimization.Then a multi-sta-tion non-oriented graph network is established,which can address the problem of the inaccurate identification for the sys-tem errors.Moreover,the similarity matrix of the spectral cluster-ing is improved,and the iterative identification for the system errors based on the improved spectral clustering is proposed.Finally,the comprehensive measured data of long baseline lake test and sea test show that the proposed method can accu-rately identify the system errors,and moreover can improve the positioning accuracy for the underwater target positioning.

Fractional S-transform-part 2:Application to reservoir prediction and fluid identification

The fractional S-transform （FRST） has good time-frequency focusing ability. The FRST can identify geological features by rotating the fractional Fourier transform frequency （FRFTfr） axis. Different seismic signals have different optimal fractional parameters which is not conducive to multichannel seismic data processing. Thus, we first decompose the common-frequency sections by the FRST and then we analyze the low-frequency shadow. Second, the combination of the FRST and blind-source separation is used to obtain the independent spectra of the various geological features. The seismic data interpretation improves without requiring to estimating the optimal fractional parameters. The top and bottom of a limestone reservoir can be clearly recognized on the common-frequency section, thus enhancing the vertical resolution of the analysis of the low-frequency shadows compared with traditional ST. Simulations suggest that the proposed method separates the independent frequency information in the time-fractional-frequency domain. We used field seismic and well data to verify the proposed method.

基于改进迁移学习的红外光谱图像自适应分割研究

为了从红外光谱图像中获取有用信息,设计基于改进迁移学习的红外光谱图像自适应分割方法。采集系统获取红外光谱图像,采用直方图均衡技术对红外光谱图像进行增强处理,依据增强后图像各帧像素的高斯正态分布,重建红外光谱图像,将红外光谱图像重建结果输入双分支卷积神经网络模型,利用迁移学习子网提取红外光谱图像全局特征,结合残差注意力子网提取的图像细小特征;通过集成学习融合差异红外光谱图像特征,输出分割后的红外光谱图像。测试结果表明:该方法可实现红外光谱图像分割,且分割结果清晰,具有显著细节特征。

New Abnormal Cervical Cell Detection Method of Multi-Spectral Pap Smears

Considering the problem of traditional cervical cancer detection method that brings high false negative rate （FNR） and high false positive rate （FPR）, a new abnormal cervical cells detection method of multi-spectral Pap smear is proposed in this thesis, on the basis of multi-spectral microscopic imaging technology and computer automotive recognition technology. At first, image in a specific wave band is segmented according to the relationship between intensity and spectrum of each pixel. Then, multi-spectral features of each pixel are extracted making use of improved cosine correlation analysis （CCA） algorithm. Combined with the characteristic of each cell＇s area, final definition is made. Experiments have proved the new approach could identify abnormal cells efficiently as well as lower FNR and FPR.

城市轨道交通轨面短波不平顺谱实测研究

针对城市轨道交通诱发的振动噪声问题,对轨面短波不平顺进行研究.首先,对上海市轨道交通线路轨面短波不平顺实测数据进行零均值化、剔除异常值、消除趋势项等预处理.其次,利用改进的协方差法计算得到轨面短波不平顺功率谱,分析轨道类型、曲线半径及钢轨接头对轨面短波不平顺功率谱分布规律的影响.然后,基于非线性最小二乘法对轨面短波不平顺谱进行拟合.最后,提出我国城市轨道交通轨面短波不平顺统计谱表达式.研究结果表明:直线段接头区轨面短波不平顺功率谱密度曲线在整个分析波长范围内具有较多特征峰值;直线段接头区上、下行短波不平顺功率谱密度值随波长的分布特征和数值相差不大,说明上、下行的轨面不平顺状态基本相同;钢轨的磨耗程度与曲线半径呈负相关,内、外轨面不平顺功率谱密度的差异随曲线半径的增大而减小,曲线半径是影响轨面不平顺状态的主要因素之一;线路类型对轨面短波不平顺功率谱的影响不大,不同曲线半径、焊接接头影响明显,在对轨道进行维护和养护时需关注小曲线半径区段以及焊接接头区段的不平顺状态.

基于累积和事件段识别与改进谱聚类的锂离子电池储能系统内短路故障检测方法

锂离子电池系统的内短路故障可能导致严重安全事故,其检测受到在线检测实时性以及故障特征获得性制约,是当下锂离子电池储能系统安全运行亟待解决的问题。该文提出一种基于累积和(cumulative sum,CUSUM)事件段检测与改进谱聚类的锂离子电池储能系统内短路故障检测方法。首先,考虑内短路故障时的电压/温度变化特性,基于累积和事件突变点识别方法,识别疑似内短路故障事件段。其次,构建三维故障特征,刻画检测对象内短路故障特征属性。然后,构建基于Wasserstein测度的内短路故障特征距离矩阵,检测三维空间各点稀疏特性,客观划定故障聚类,实现内短路故障检测。搭建锂离子电池内短路实验平台、建立锂离子电池电–热耦合仿真模型,算例结果表明该文方法能够准确识别疑似内短路故障事件段,在不同串并联形式及故障类型下实现故障检测,证明了该文方法的正确性与可行性。

基于改进多稳态系统随机共振的轴承微弱故障诊断

针对传统随机共振方法在强噪声背景下对轴承微弱故障诊断中存在严重的边频干扰问题,提出了一种应用改进多稳态随机共振模型进行轴承微弱故障诊断的方法.在高斯白噪声和周期性激励作用下,推导得到了改进多稳态系统的平均首次穿越时间和功率谱放大因子的解析表达式.研究发现,存在一组最优的参数使得改进多稳态系统的随机共振效应最大化.将改进的多稳态随机共振模型应用于轴承内外圈的微弱故障诊断,并利用量子粒子群优化算法对系统参数和阻尼系数进行优化.研究结果表明,所提方法能够在强噪声背景下有效识别出微弱故障特征频率,且与传统多稳态随机共振方法相比,该方法解决了严重的边频干扰问题,输出信号特征频率处的频谱峰值更高,大大提高了轴承微弱故障诊断的性能.

考虑负荷特性的光伏消纳能力的模拟与评估

针对目前在配电网光伏消纳能力评估过程中不能全面考虑电力系统中负荷特性多样化对光伏消纳能力影响的不足,提出一种考虑负荷运行中的实际情况,光伏消纳模拟与概率评估的方法。首先采用支持向量机-随机森林算法对负荷数据进行清洗,再采用改进谱聚类算法对不同类型的负荷特性进行聚类分析,然后基于场景分析法选取不同负荷的类型曲线作为节点处负荷数据,最后基于蒙特卡洛模拟法和均匀抽样法进行光伏消纳方案随机模拟与消纳能力近似评估。基于IEEE 33节点系统算例分析,对有无考虑负荷特性的抽样结果进行对比,有效验证了所述方法的适用性。

基于改进LSTM的FBG传感网络光谱基线校正方法

【目的】针对复杂外界环境所致的光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)光谱信号基线漂移问题,文章提出了一种基于改进的长短期记忆(LSTM)模型的光谱基线校正方法。【方法】改进的LSTM模型由卷积神经网络(CNN)、全连接层和LSTM网络组成。CNN与LSTM模型相比,改进的LSTM模型利用CNN提取FBG光谱信号的特征信息。文章使用仿真数据集和实测数据集对改进的LSTM模型进行训练。仿真数据集由特征噪声、基线和FBG光谱组成。分别使用小波软阈值法、惩罚最小二乘法、循环神经网络(RNN)法、LSTM法和改进的LSTM法进行基线校正。使用FBG传感信号存活率和均方根误差(RMSE)对5种方法的校正结果进行评价。【结果】使用仿真数据集对LSTM模型进行训练与测试,改进的LSTM模型将FBG传感信号存活率提高了60.8%。采用仿真数据集对模型进行预训练后,再将使用实测数据集对经过预训练的模型进行训练得到的改进LSTM模型与直接使用实测数据集训练的模型相比,改进的LSTM模型具有更好的校正效果。FBG光谱的RMSE降低了10.95%,RMSE的标准差降低了4%。使用改进的LSTM模型对FBG光谱实测数据集进行校正,FBG传感信号存活率提高了50.5%。与小波软阈值法、惩罚最小二乘法、RNN法和LSTM法相比,改进后的LSTM模型具有更好的校正效果,RMSE的均值和标准差分别为0.0122和0.0024。解调中心波长的RMSE为0.036 pm,并且基线校正过程只需9.68 ms。【结论】改进的LSTM模型是一种有效的基线校正方法,在复杂外部环境下具有广阔的应用前景。

基于改进K均值聚类的光谱重建训练样本选择研究

光谱反射率重建过程中,训练样本的选择方法及样本容量与重建精度密切相关,寻找一种高效的训练样本选择方法是光谱重建的目标之一。K均值聚类计算复杂度小,计算效率高,但因聚类初始值选择的随机性,以及离群点的影响致使聚类结果不稳定,进而影响光谱重建的精度。基于此,提出了一种改进K均值聚类的训练样本选择方法。首先,将训练样本集的几何中心作为聚类中心的初始值;其次,基于高斯函数构建样本空间分布概率密度函数,并以欧几里德(欧式)距离作为其他聚类中心的度量依据;最后,在训练样本集中,基于簇内平方差度量光谱反射率样本间的相似度,将每个聚类子集中与中心距离最近的样本作为训练样本。为验证该方法的有效性,通过主成分分析法进行光谱重建。实验结果表明,所提的方法相较于传统的方法,光谱重建精度有一定的提高,重建光谱的平均均方根误差小于4%, CIE DE2000色差小于3.756 7。提出的改进的K均值聚类的训练样本选择方法,能够一定程度上提高了光谱重建精度,基本满足复制再现图像的要求。

Improved common-path spectral interferometer for single-shot terahertz detection

To seek high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) is critical but challenging for single-shot intense terahertz(THz)coherent detection. This paper presents an improved common-path spectral interferometer for single-shot THz detection with a single chirped pulse as the probe for THz electro-optic(EO) sampling. Here, the spectral interference occurs between the two orthogonal polarization components with a required relative time delay generated with only a birefringent plate after the EO sensor. Our experiments show that this interferometer can effectively suppress the noise usually suffered in a non-common-path interferometer. The measured single-shot SNR is up to 88.85, and the measured THz waveforms are independent of the orientation of the used Zn Te EO sensor, so it is easy to operate and the results are more reliable. These features mean that the interferometer is quite qualified for applications where strong THz pulses, usually with single-shot or low repetition rate, are indispensable.

基于加权联合提升包络谱的轴箱轴承故障诊断

为解决列车轴箱轴承微弱故障特征在宽频带上难以提取的问题,基于轴承故障信号的二阶循环平稳特性,提出了一种利用加权联合提升包络谱进行故障诊断的方法.首先,利用谱相干算法将振动信号分解到由频谱频率和循环频率构成的双频域,实现振动信号在全频带内的精细化解调,并基于谱相干的局部特征识别轴承候选故障频率;接着,利用1/3二叉树滤波器将频谱频率分割为不同中心频率和带宽的窄带,在窄带内沿着频谱频率对谱相干的模进行积分,得到窄带提升包络谱;然后,以候选故障频率在窄带提升包络谱中的能量占比为诊断性指标,在每一分解层上构造联合提升包络谱;最后,对不同分解层的联合提升包络谱进行加权平均,得到轴承振动信号的加权联合提升包络谱.轨道车辆轴箱轴承台架试验信号的研究结果表明:所提方法的优势在于能充分整合分布于不同窄带内的轴承故障信息,且不依赖于名义故障周期信息;和现有方法相比,能更有效地揭示轴承故障特征频率及其谐波特征,在提取和识别轴箱轴承微弱故障方面具有一定优势.

Improved perceptually non-uniform spectral compression for robust speech recognition

According to the decline of recognition rate of speech recognition system in the noise environments, an improved perceptually non-uniform spectral compression feature extraction algorithm is put forward in this paper. This method can realize an effective compression of the speech signals and make the training and recognition environments more matching, so the recognition rate can be improved in the noise environments. By experimenting on the intelligent wheelchair platform, the result shows that the algorithm can effectively enhance the robustness of speech recognition, and ensure the recognition rate in the noise environments.

基于改进EMD-Kurtogram法的滚动轴承早期故障诊断研究

实现滚动轴承早期故障准确诊断的关键是得到故障部位有效振动信息,但实际工程中所采集到的轴承振动信号常含有噪声、干扰成分,给有效信息的选择带来了困难。带通滤波是解决该问题的有效方法之一,但不合理的滤波器参数会降低诊断结果的准确性。为此,提出一种基于改进EMD-Kurtogram法的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。该方法首先对EMD方法处理后的采样信号进行重构,再根据快速谱峭度图得到带通滤波器所需要的最优参数,最后经过带通滤波及时频域分析得到故障频率。通过实验平台验证及相关算法的对比得出,所提方法得到的故障倍频信息更加充分、清晰,所含噪声干扰更少,证明了该方法的有效性和先进性。

基于优化VMD-MCKD和谱峭度的滚动轴承复合故障诊断

针对滚动轴承振动信号中复合故障特征难以准确提取而导致故障诊断困难的问题,提出一种基于优化变分模态分解(VMD)和最大相关峭度解卷积(MCKD)结合快速谱峭度算法的滚动轴承复合故障诊断方法。利用改进麻雀搜索算法(ISSA)优化VMD和MCKD的参数,使用优化后的VMD对复合故障信号进行分解,并根据峭度准则筛选有效本征模态函数(IMF)进行信号重构,使用优化后的MCKD对重构信号进行解卷积与故障特征增强,并对解卷积信号进行包络谱分析提取故障特征频率。利用快速谱峭度算法对未提取出故障特征频率的解卷积信号进行处理,得到故障信息最丰富的频带参数并进行带通滤波处理。最后,对滤波后的信号进行包络谱分析,提取故障特征频率,从而实现故障诊断。仿真及实验结果表明:所提方法能有效分离复合故障并提取出故障特征频率,有效实现了复合故障诊断。

基于改进谱聚类算法的供水管网DMA分区优化研究

DMA(District Metering Area)是实现供水管网低碳运行与漏损控制的重要手段,但在大多数工程案例中,往往会忽视或舍弃已有分区基础,从而造成大量资源浪费等现象。针对这一问题,提出一种基于改进谱聚类算法的DMA分区优化方案,它可以充分利用已有分区基础条件,并利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法对分区方案改造成本、管道压力和经济流速进行优化,在已有分区的基础上提出最优的二级分区解决方案。将该方法应用于L县供水管网的分区改造工程中,相比传统谱聚类算法,分区改造成本降低33.63%,最大分区压力标准差降低3.22%,非经济流速管道占比降低0.88%。结果表明,改进方法的经济性和水力性能均得到显著提升,可为同类工程提供参考。

基于原型提取和聚类的光伏电站快速集群划分方法

在光伏发电渗透率不断提高的背景下,针对光伏电站集群划分效果差、耗时长的问题,提出一种基于原型提取和聚类的光伏电站快速集群划分方法。首先,对光伏数据进行预处理,消除不同数据在量级与量纲上的差异性;然后,基于Pearson相关系数法筛选出对光伏出力影响较大的因素,然后通过设置随机抽样、k-means++和改进谱聚类3个环节,分别实现光伏电站的抽样、原型提取和原型聚类;继而基于枚举法和分层优化的思想,搜索上述环节的最优超参数;最后,设置不同场景进行算例对照,计算聚类内外指标和聚类时间指标,通过综合分析,验证了所提方法在解决大规模光伏电站快速聚类问题上的有效性。