Absolute multi-pole encoder with a simple structure based on an improved gray code to enhance the resolution

We developed a novel absolute multi-pole encoder structure to improve the resolution of the multi-pole encoder, realize absolute output and reduce the manufacturing cost of the encoder. The structure includes two ring alnicos defined as index track and sub-division track, respectively. The index track is magnetized based on the improved gray code, with linear halls placed around the track evenly. The outputs of linear halls show the region the rotor belongs to. The sub-division track is magnetized to N-S-N-S (north-south-north-south), and the number of N-S pole pairs is determined by the index track. Three linear hall sensors with an air-gap of 2 mm are used to translate the magnetic filed to voltage signals. The relative offset in a single N-S is obtained through look-up. The magnetic encoder is calibrated using a higher-resolution incremental optical encoder. The pulse output from the optical encoder and hall signals from the magnetic encoder are sampled at the same time and transmitted to a computer, and the relation between them is calculated, and stored in the FLASH of MCU (micro controller unit) for look-up. In the working state, the absolute angle is derived by looking-up with hall signals. The structure is simple and the manufacturing cost is very low and suitable for mass production.

Multiple bit upsets mitigation in memory by using improved hamming codes and parity codes

This paper combines improved Hamming codes and parity codes to assure the reliability of memory in presence of multiple bit upsets with low cost overhead.The redundancy bits of improved Hamming codes will be appended at the end of data bits,which eliminates the overhead of interspersing the redundancy bits at the encoder and decoder.The reliability of memory is further enhanced by the layout architecture of redundancy bits and data bits.The proposed scheme has been implemented in Verilog and synthesized using the Synopsys tools.The results reveal that the proposed method has about 19% less area penalties and 13% less power consumption comparing with the current two-dimensional error codes,and its latency of encoder and decoder is 63% less than that of Hamming codes.

Dynamic airspace sectorization via improved genetic algorithm

This paper deals with dynamic airspace sectorization （DAS） problem by an improved genetic algorithm （iGA）. A graph model is first constructed that represents the airspace static structure. Then the DAS problem is formulated as a graph-partitioning problem to balance the sector workload under the premise of ensuring safety. In the iGA, multiple populations and hybrid coding are applied to determine the optimal sector number and airspace sectorization. The sector constraints are well satisfied by the improved genetic operators and protect zones. This method is validated by being applied to the airspace of North China in terms of three indexes, which are sector balancing index, coordination workload index and sector average flight time index. The improvement is obvious, as the sector balancing index is reduced by 16.5 %, the coordination workload index is reduced by 11.2 %, and the sector average flight time index is increased by 11.4 % during the peak-hour traffic.

Improvement of Coding for Solar Radiation Forecasting in Dili Timor Leste—A WRF Case Study

This paper investigates the accuracy of weather research and forecasting by improving coding for solar radiation forecasting for location in Dili Timor Leste. Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.9.1 is used in this study for improvement purposes. The shortwave coding of WRF is used to improve in order to decrease error simulation. The importance of improving WRF coding at a specific region will reduce the bias and root mean square root when comparing to the observed data. This study uses high resolution based on the WRF modeling to stabilize the performance of forecasting. The decrease in error performance will be expected to enhance the value of renewable energy. The results show the root mean square error of the WRF default is 233 W/m2 higher compared to 205 W/m2 from the WRF improvement model. In addition, the Mean Bias Error (MBE) of the WRF default is obtained value 0.06 higher than 0.03 from the WRF improvement in rainy days. Meanwhile, on sunny days, the performance Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of WRF default is 327 W/m2 higher than 223 W/m2 from the WRF improvement. The MBE of WRF improvement obtained 0.13 lower compared to 0.21 of WRF default coding. Finally, this study concludes that improving the shortwave code under the WRF model can decrease the error performance of the WRF simulation for local weather forecasting.

Web Voice Browser Based on an ISLPC Text-to-Speech Algorithm

A kind of Web voice browser based on improved synchronous linear predictive coding （ISLPC） and Text-toSpeech （TTS） algorithm and Internet application was proposed. The paper analyzes the features of TTS system with ISLPC speech synthesis and discusses the design and implementation of ISLPC TTS-based Web voice browser. The browser integrates Web technology, Chinese information processing, artificial intelligence and the key technology of Chinese ISLPC speech synthesis. It＇s a visual and audible web browser that can improve information precision for network users. The evaluation results show that ISLPC-based TTS model has a better performance than other browsers in voice quality and capability of identifying Chinese characters.

A Compression Algorithm of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Image Based on 3-D Wavelet-Fractal Coder

In this paper, the 3-D Wavelet-Fractal coder was used to compress the hyperspectral remote sensing image, which is a combination of 3-D improved set partitioning in hierarchical trees （SPIHT） coding and 3-D fractal coding. Hyperspectral image date cube was first translated by 3-D wavelet and the 3-D fractal compression ceding was applied to lowest frequency subband. The remaining coefficients of higher frequency sub-bands were encoding by 3-D improved SPIHT. We used the block set instead of the hierarchical trees to enhance SPIHT＇s flexibility. The classical eight kinds of affme transformations in 2-D fractal image compression were generalized to nineteen for the 3-D fractal image compression. The new compression method had been tested on MATLAB. The experiment results indicate that we can gain high compression ratios and the information loss is acceptable.

Fuzzy and IRLNC-based routing approach to improve data storage and system reliability in IoT

Internet of Things(IoT)based sensor network is largely utilized in various field for transmitting huge amount of data due to their ease and cheaper installation.While performing this entire process,there is a high possibility for data corruption in the mid of transmission.On the other hand,the network performance is also affected due to various attacks.To address these issues,an efficient algorithm that jointly offers improved data storage and reliable routing is proposed.Initially,after the deployment of sensor nodes,the election of the storage node is achieved based on a fuzzy expert system.Improved Random Linear Network Coding(IRLNC)is used to create an encoded packet.This encoded packet from the source and neighboring nodes is transmitted to the storage node.Finally,to transmit the encoded packet from the storage node to the destination shortest path is found using the Destination Sequenced Distance Vector(DSDV)algorithm.Experimental analysis of the proposed work is carried out by evaluating some of the statistical metrics.Average residual energy,packet delivery ratio,compression ratio and storage time achieved for the proposed work are 8.8%,0.92%,0.82%,and 69 s.Based on this analysis,it is revealed that better data storage system and system reliability is attained using this proposed work.

Concepts and implementation of strain-based criteria in design codes for steel structures

A uniaxial tension test is commonly used to determine the mechanical properties of steel,but it has no meaning for the response of the material in a structure.The test was developed as a consensus solution by producers,fabricators,designers and code writers,to have a standard by which similar materials could be compared to a common base.It does not represent the actual behavior of the steel in a structure,and was never intended to do so.To study the true behavior of the structure and how the material responds it would be better to determine the strains and deformations that will take place during actual service condition.Such characteristics reflect the real behavior,whether in the elastic or inelastic range.If stresses or forces are needed,these are easily determined by the value of the strain and the relevant material modulus,along with the type of cross section,whether elastic or inelastic.The paper addresses the properties of a range of structural steels,how these are incorporated into design standards and how the standards define deformation characteristics and demands for bolted and welded connections.