Functional butter for reduction of consumption risk and improvement of nutrition

Butter has become renowned among consumers because of its exceptional flavor and taste.Nevertheless,conventional butter is deemed“unhealthy”due to its high concentration of saturated fats and cholesterol,which are linked to the development of cardiovascular ailments.Improving the health benefits of butter has become an essential topic of research in the butter industry.This review focuses on researches that have made improvements to functionality of butter,including the changes in fatty acid composition,cholesterol reduction,incorporation with bioactive substances,development of new sources.The reduction of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol in butter can help reduce the risk of disease from eating butter.In addition,incorporating probiotics or natural plant extracts can achieve nutritional functions such as balancing intestinal flora,enhancing nutrient absorption,and increasing the body’s antioxidant capacity.Butter substitute products can be based on new vegetable oils,insect fats or microbial fats,which cater to the consumer demands for low-calorie butter while reducing the environmental impact that results from butter production.This review summarizes the effects and characteristics of various improvement methods and proposes some possible directions for future development of functional butter.

Effects of High-Pressure Technology on the Functional Properties of Milk and Fermented Milk Products

HPP （high pressure processing） is one of the novel technologies to produce microbiologically safe food. HPP is a non-thermal food processing method, wherein the food is subjected to a very high pressure ranging between 100-800 MPa in order to prevent undesirable chemical and microbiological reactions, and hence, prolong the shelf-life. HPP is also called as ＂high hydrostatic processing, ultra-high pressure processing or isostatic processing＂. In dairy products, HHP has the potential to modify the functional properties of proteins, polysaccharides and alter biochemical reactions without significantly affecting the nutritional and sensory properties. HPP treatment induces significant changes in milk components particularly in proteins （whey proteins and caseins）, as well as on their applicability in innovative dairy productions. HPP influences technological properties of various milk products such as firmness, water-holding capacity of the gel and network structure, cheese yield, rennet coagulation time and ripening.

Celiac disease:Overview and considerations for development of gluten-free foods

Celiac disease is a genetically-determined chronic inflammatory intestinal disease induced by gluten in wheat,barley,rye etc.Celiac disease affects approximately one percent of people in the world and strict gluten-free diet(GFD)for a lifetime is the only available treatment.As gluten-free products available in the market are known to have low nutritional quality as well as are more expensive than gluten-containing food products,there is a strong need to develop gluten-free products that are nutritionally complete as well as economical.This review focuses on the special considerations during developing gluten-free products viz.,finding an alternate non-gluten source,ensuring nutrition and sensory quality characteristics,compliance with the regulatory guidelines,economics and product.

Applications of Microfluidization and High Pressure Processing in Food Industry and the Effect of Them on Food Products

With the development of technology, several new processing techniques are being introduced for the food industry. By applying those novel techniques to food systems, it has been found that the structural and functional properties of food could be altered. Microfluidization which is also known as high pressure homogenization is one of the novel technologies that could be applied in food industry to obtain many beneficial outcomes. High pressure processing is another novel technique that is mainly playing the microbicidal effect. This work is concerned on the possibility of using microfluidization and high pressure processing in food industry based on the experimental findings. These techniques could be used as useful tools in the field of food science and technology.

Influence of Heat Treatment on the Quality of Functional Gluten-Free Spaghetti

In this study the influence of initial water content and the extent of flour thermal pretreatment on both the dough rheological properties and the sensorial attributes of maize and chickpeas based gluten-free spaghetti were assessed. Results showed that samples with the highest initial water content had the highest values of elongation and shear viscosity, therefore dough with greater extensibility was obtained. Regarding the sensorial properties of non-cooked spaghetti, the overall quality of all samples had a very positive score with the exception of the samples with the highest initial water content and the lowest steam injection time that were scored just above the acceptability threshold because of their low resistance to break. The overall quality values of the cooked dry spaghetti were found to be around the acceptability threshold with the exception of the sample with the highest initial water content that showed a value higher than the threshold due to the highest values of bulkiness and adhesiveness.

Investigation physico-chemical characterization of jaggery from different sugarcane varieties

Objective:Jaggery is a natural sweetener prepared by hand in limited facilities from concentrated sugar cane juice.Jaggery is regarded as a therapeutic sugar in Indian Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of lung and throat diseases.Studies conducted in vivo revealed that a jaggery-based dietary supplement has positive health effects.The awareness among the general public regarding the functional food products has been catching up fast.Consumers are opting more for functional food products due to higher health consciousness.Higher the demand,higher the supply of new varieties of functional food.Thus giving scope to develop new products with highly nutritive value.Method:The goal of the current study was to examine the physical and chemical characteristics of jaggery made from the sugarcane varieties Co 86032,Co 419,and Co 62175.With varied traits including yield,sucrose content,disease resistance,and salt tolerance,these sugarcane varieties have dominated the peninsular India.The physical and chemical characteristics of jaggery prepared experimentally from three distinct sugarcane varieties(Co 86032,Co 419,and Co 62175)were determined in the study.Moisture,water activity(aw),ash,minerals,reducing sugars,sucrose,pH,colour,insoluble solids(IS),transmittance at 720 nm,and filterability were the variables that were assessed.Additionally,measurements of the flavonoid and total phenolic contents were performed.Water activity(aw),reducing sugars,pH,colour,moisture,and water activity(aw)were the variables with the most variability.Result:Sample Co 62175 had the highest observed total sugar,whereas sample Co 419 had the lowest.In accordance with the findings of the current experiment,sugarcane variety Co 62175 produced the best jaggery when compared to sugarcane variants Co 419 and Co 86032.Conclusion:There is higher potential to develop functional food which can enhance the qualitative and quantitative factors.Hence the study was undertaken with the objective of development,nutritional characteristics and consumer acceptability of jaggery.

多糖类食品胶体的功能特性及其在食品加工中的应用研究进展

食品胶体是指食品中常见的多组分非均相分散体系,根据组分可划分为蛋白类胶体和多糖类胶体,通常具有增稠、乳化、悬浮、胶凝、黏合、持水、稳定、成膜等重要功能,并且广泛应用于食品加工业等众多领域。本文综述了食品胶体的概念、组成、基本分类,重点阐述了典型的多糖胶体(卡拉胶、琼脂、海藻酸钠、阿拉伯胶、瓜尔豆胶、魔芋胶、黄原胶、结冷胶以及可得然胶)的功能特性,包括流变学特性、凝胶性、稳定性、复配性等;总结了海藻类、植物类、微生物类多糖胶体在食品加工业中的应用现状并展望其发展前景,为进一步开发和利用多糖类食品胶体提供理论依据和实践应用基础。

微藻的功能特性及其在食品中的应用研究进展

随着全球人口的增长,粮食生产逐渐呈现供不应求的局面,与此同时,日趋下降的环境质量也在迫使传统的食品供应体系发生改变。微藻中含有丰富的宏量营养素和生物活性物质,不仅可以为人体提供营养,而且具有抗氧化、抗菌、免疫调节等功能,作为潜在的食品原料新来源,受到越来越多的关注。本文综述了微藻的特征及可食用种类,详细介绍了微藻蛋白、多不饱和脂肪酸、多糖和其它生物活性物质的生理活性功能,深入讨论了其在替代肉类蛋白、补偿减盐食品风味、抑菌防腐和功能性食品开发方面的应用潜力及前景,总结了其在食品应用中现存的问题与挑战,展望未来的发展方向,旨在为微藻类食品的开发和食品新资源的探索提供理论参考。

睡眠调节因子及其饮食来源的研究进展

睡眠障碍会引发多种疾病,因此良好的睡眠在维护所有生物的生理和心理健康方面起着重要作用。与传统药物相比,膳食摄入具有改善睡眠的功能因子安全性较高,且不会使人们产生药物依赖性。本文通过兴奋性和抑制性神经递质、免疫细胞因子、肠道菌群三个方面首先概述了与调节睡眠相关的功能因子,其次综述了不同睡眠调节因子的作用机制,最后对不同睡眠调节因子的饮食来源进行总结,以期为未来改善睡眠功能性食品的工业化和商业化提供一定的理论支撑。

动、植物蛋白的酰化改性及其应用研究进展

蛋白质酰化改性是一种常见的蛋白质化学修饰方法,可以有效提高蛋白质的功能特性,近年来在食品加工领域得到了广泛应用。酰化对蛋白质的改性效果与修饰程度有关,低酰化度改性能显著改善蛋白质的溶解性、热稳定性、起泡性、乳化性、凝胶性、成膜性及营养品质。本文综述酰化修饰对蛋白质结构、理化性质和功能特性的影响,以及酰化蛋白质在食品和其他领域的应用,以期为蛋白质改性研究提供理论参考。

决明胶功能性质及其在食品中的应用

决明胶是以甘露糖和半乳糖为重复单元的天然聚合物,在食品工业中多用作增稠剂、乳化剂、泡沫稳定剂、增韧剂等。作为一种天然食品添加剂,决明胶在食品领域具有广阔的应用前景。该文通过综述决明胶的国内外发展现状、功能特性、性能改善以及决明胶在食品相关领域的应用研究进展,探讨决明胶目前研究存在的不足,对后续发展研究进行展望,以期为决明胶进一步在食品加工中的应用提供理论参考。

食品多糖对冷冻面团特性的影响及作用机理研究进展

食品多糖因来源广泛,结构多样,具有保水性、流变性、乳化性和稳定性等多种理化性质。在面团系统中,食品多糖不仅能抑制面团在冷冻期间发生的水分流失、面筋结构损伤及酵母发酵力变差等问题,还能进一步缓解成品硬度增大、体积变小及感官风味变差的问题。该综述总结了食品多糖的来源、分类和结构特征,概述了不同食品多糖对冷冻面团水分、流变、发酵等特性和馒头品质的影响及作用机理,并针对目前的研究进展做出展望,以期为食品多糖在冷冻面团工业中的应用提供参考。

保健食品中当归的应用规律

目的基于数据挖掘探讨当归在保健食品中的配伍规律和应用特点,以期为当归的应用开发提供参考。方法收集含当归的保健食品,并统计其剂型及保健功能分布、中药组成及功效类别等信息。利用VOSviewer 1.6.5软件展示当归的原料配伍关联;运用IBM SPSS Modeler 18.0软件的Apriori算法挖掘原料间的配伍组合,并计算各配伍组合的Kulc值,同时以增强免疫力、改善营养性贫血为例探讨当归的应用规律。结果查询得到576项组方,共有528项符合要求,涉及310种原料,累计使用3538次。与当归配伍的中药多为补虚类、活血化瘀类、利水渗湿类、清热类,其中黄芪、枸杞子、茯苓、人参、阿胶等与当归配伍频次较高。这些保健组方的剂型以胶囊剂、口服液为主,临床应用时多发挥增强免疫力、改善营养性贫血等功能。在增强免疫力方面,当归与黄芪、人参、阿胶、大枣、熟地黄等原料具有密切关联,而当归、黄芪、阿胶、大枣、熟地黄、铁剂等原料是改善营养性贫血的关键配伍。结论本研究基于数据挖掘的原理和方法探讨了当归在保健食品中的配伍及应用规律,结果发现在保健食品中当归的应用基本符合中医药理论,可为其深入研究提供参考。

Reformulation of traditional Iranian food(Doeeneh)using probiotics:Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis BB-12,Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5,Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG,and inulin and its effect on diabetic and non-diabetic rats

Objectives:The purposes of this study were to produce novel formulations of Doeeneh using three probiotic strains and different inulin ratios and to investigate the survival of probiotics.Likewise,the effect of Doeeneh on the biological properties of non-diabetic and diabetic rats was also evaluated.Materials and Methods:Doeeneh,composed of milk and wheat bulgur,was enriched with different proportions of inulin and fermented by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis BB-12(B),Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5(A),Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG(R),and their co-cultures.The physicochemical and sensory properties and probiotics viability were investigated for 14 d.Diabetes was induced in albino rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate(150 mg/kg i.p.).Changes in weight and blood glucose were measured weekly,and food and water consumption were measured daily;total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured after 35 d by a biochemical kit.Results:The increased proportion of high-degree of polymerization inulin decreased pH and increased acidity.However,a higher concentration of inulin applied to Doeeneh resulted in a slower decrease in pH value.This result can show the buffering effect of inulin in Doeeneh as well;changes in pH were slow over time due to the presence of the buffering compounds.Therefore,the probiotics’survival was in the standard range even in the inulin-free sample.Likewise,the Doeeneh sample containing 5%inulin(SABR3)considerably reduced the levels of blood glucose,total cholesterol,and triglyceride in diabetic rats.Moreover,the diabetic rats fed Doeeneh demonstrated less weight loss and food/water intake than the control.Conclusions:Traditional foods and their preparation methods are a suitable target for the development of health-oriented products,and functional food with nutraceutical capabilities can be designed and produced based on them.

食品胶特性及其在食品中应用

食品胶是一类高分子量亲水性生物聚合物,作为功能性组分被广泛应用于食品工业,目前其系统介绍、技术应用和学术研究仍十分匮乏。文章系统介绍食品胶定义、分类、组成、功能特性与作用机理及其在食品工业中应用,并展望其发展趋势,为进一步研发食品胶在食品中的应用提供理论参考。

食品蛋白质磷酸化改性的研究进展

综述了食品蛋白质的磷酸化改性方法、反应机理以及磷酸化对食品蛋白质功能特性的影响,并对今后该领域的研究前景提出了展望。

高场强超声波技术在食品蛋白质加工中的应用研究进展

食品中的蛋白质不仅能为人类提供必需营养,在食品加工中也起着重要作用。高场强超声波技术作为一种新兴技术,在未来食品蛋白质加工中的应用具有巨大潜力。本文综述近10年国际上以高场强超声波为手段对食品蛋白质进行改性的研究,从高场强超声波作用基本原理,高场强超声波对蛋白质结构、凝胶性、粒径、溶液黏度、溶解性、浊度、乳化性和起泡性的影响以及对蛋白质反应、蛋白质提取和对蛋白质感官品质的影响多个方面分别进行阐述。

魔芋葡甘露聚糖及其衍生物在食品工业中的应用

魔芋葡甘露聚糖作为一种传统的食品原料和食品添加剂,近年来在食品领域的应用研究日益引人注目。魔芋葡甘露聚糖是一种中性多糖,是魔芋的主要功能活性成分。魔芋葡甘露聚糖及其衍生物具有较好的凝胶性、增稠性、成膜性等功能特性,在食品工业中具有很高的研究开发和实际应用价值。本文综述了魔芋葡甘露聚糖及其衍生物的主要功能特性及其在食品工业中的应用,将为充分利用我国魔芋资源、提高其产品附加值开辟广阔的发展空间。

食品中的生物活性多肽

大量科学研究表明 ,在水解某些蛋白质时 ,通过选择适当的蛋白酶 ,控制一定的水解度可以得到大量的生物活性多肽 ,这些生物活性肽容易消化吸收 ,并且具有许多独特的生理功能。食物蛋白一直只被人们视为一种营养蛋白 ,但近年来的研究表明 ,它也是生物活性肽的重要来源 ,用食物蛋白生产活性肽 ,原料来源丰富、成本低、安全性好 ,便于工业化生产 ,应用前景十分广阔 ,作者就此进行了一些探讨。

陕西关中小麦品种品质改良现状研究

本项目从１９９２～１９９７ 年，以陕西关中地区近３０ 年来选育、推广的小麦品种、品系为材料，按照小麦品种田间比较试验的要求，对品种的品质性状、新品种的品质改良效果、品质性状的年际变化、品种品质分类等问题，进行了较为系统的研究。结果认为，关中地区选育和推广的小麦品种，容重较高，籽粒硬度适中或偏高，蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量较高，但沉淀值较低；多数品种的面团稳定性差，软化度较大。原因主要是Ｄ组染色体上缺少具有５＋ １０ 带的高分子量谷蛋白亚基。同一品种在同一地点不同年际间某些品质性状表现出较大差异。近年来育成的荔垦２ 号、陕优２２５、小偃６ 号、早优５０４、高优５０３、长武１３４、陕１６０、陕农７８０１ 等品种可以代表陕西关中地区优质小麦品种的品质水平，在全国也有一定的影响。但一些抗病、高产、早熟且推广面积较大的小麦新品种的品质水平有降低趋势。这一问题应引起育种工作者的高度重视。优质小麦生产是一项系统工程，除了遗传育种、栽培问题以外，粮食流通体制、检验标准、分收分贮、加工技术及食品制作等都会影响优质小麦在生产上的发展。