Intelligent Diagnosis of Short Hydraulic Signal Based on Improved EEMD and SVM with Few Low-dimensional Training Samples

The high accurate classification ability of an intelligent diagnosis method often needs a large amount of training samples with high-dimensional eigenvectors, however the characteristics of the signal need to be extracted accurately. Although the existing EMD（empirical mode decomposition） and EEMD（ensemble empirical mode decomposition） are suitable for processing non-stationary and non-linear signals, but when a short signal, such as a hydraulic impact signal, is concerned, their decomposition accuracy become very poor. An improve EEMD is proposed specifically for short hydraulic impact signals. The improvements of this new EEMD are mainly reflected in four aspects, including self-adaptive de-noising based on EEMD, signal extension based on SVM（support vector machine）, extreme center fitting based on cubic spline interpolation, and pseudo component exclusion based on cross-correlation analysis. After the energy eigenvector is extracted from the result of the improved EEMD, the fault pattern recognition based on SVM with small amount of low-dimensional training samples is studied. At last, the diagnosis ability of improved EEMD＋SVM method is compared with the EEMD＋SVM and EMD＋SVM methods, and its diagnosis accuracy is distinctly higher than the other two methods no matter the dimension of the eigenvectors are low or high. The improved EEMD is very propitious for the decomposition of short signal, such as hydraulic impact signal, and its combination with SVM has high ability for the diagnosis of hydraulic impact faults.

Analytical reentry guidance framework based on swarm intelligence optimization and altitude-energy profile

Aimed at improving the real-time performance of guidance instruction generation,an analytical hypersonic reentry guidance framework is presented.The key steps of the novel guidance framework are the parameterization of reentry guidance problems and the optimization of parameters.First,a quintic polynomial function of energy was designed to describe the altitude profile.Then,according to the altitude-energy profile,the altitude,velocity,flight path angle,and bank angle were obtained analytically,which naturally met the terminal constraints.In addition,the angle of the attack profile was determined using the velocity parameter.The swarm intelligent optimization algorithms were used to optimize the parameters.The path constraints were enforced by the penalty function method.Finally,extensive simulations were carried out in both nominal and dispersed cases,and the simulation results showed that the proposed guidance framework was effective,high-precision,and robust in different scenarios.

Intelligent wheelchair system based on s EMG and head gesture

Because the single channel surface electromyographic （sEMG） signals easily caused a complex operation during the real-time operation, an intelligent wheelchair system based on sEMG and head gesture was proposed in this paper. A distributed parallelly decision fusion algorithm fused classification results of the two signals to form a final judgment. After sEMG was decomposed by wavelet packet, feature information of some subspace was weaken, because subspace dimension was very large. To solve the problem, the paper proposed an improved wavelet packet decomposition algorithm, which extracted sample entropy from four subspaces of improved wavelet packet decomposition and took it as the feature information. Experimental results show that the intelligent wheelchair system based on sEMG and head gesture has not only a simple operation and shorter operating time, but also a better stability and security.

Appraisal of the Production-Oriented Approach： An Introduction

The production-oriented approach （POA） has been developed over a decade. It is driven by the need to improve English classroom instruction for university students in China （Wen, 2016）. It is also motivated by the aspiration to enhance the quality of foreign language education in other similar pedagogical contexts outside China. A volume of research has been done by Wen Qiufang and her research team, to formulate the theory of POA and to test its effectiveness in classroom pedagogy （e.g. Wen, 2016, 2015; Yang, 2015; Zhang, 2015）. At the moment, the POA is still at an early stage of theory building and almost all empirical research is done in the Chinese context. In order to improve the quality of this theory and to make it intelligible to the international academic community, a one-day symposium was held in Beijing Foreign Studies University on May 15, 2017. The symposium was entitled ＇The first international forum on innovative foreign language education in China： Appraisal of the POA＇. In the forum, leading experts in applied linguistics were invited to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the POA and the directions for its future development. The symposium was the first attempt for the POA research team to discuss its latest work with international scholars. This Viewpoint section collects the responses of four experts who participated in the symposium, listed in alphabetical order. The collection of articles covers three topics related to the POA： its pedagogical application, its use for teacher training, and its research. Alister Cumming is Professor Emeritus and the former Head of the Centre for Educational Research on Languages and Literacies, University of Toronto, Canada. His article focuses primarily on POA research as an exemplary case of design-based research. Rod Ellis is Research Professor in the School of Education at Curtin University, Australia. He discusses POA in terms of pedagogy, teacher training and research, with both critiques and constructive suggestions. Paul Kei Matsuda is Professor of English and Director of Second Language Writing at Arizona State University, the writed states. He responds to POA from the perspective of an expert researcher and teacher of L2 writing. Charlene Polio is Professor and Associate Chair in the Department of Linguistics ＆ Germanic, Slavic, Asian ＆ African Languages atMichigan State University, the writed states. She conceptualises POA as a useful method to address some issues in pre-service teacher development. Overall, the articles in this section are insightful and reader-friendly. They are not only useful for the development of POA in particular, but may also be valuable to a broad range of researchers as they touch upon pertaining issues, as well as emerging topics, in the field of applied linguistics. We therefore find it necessary to make them accessible to a wide readership.