Deterioration Reason and Improvement Measure of the Retarding Effect of Protein Retarder on Phosphorus Building Gypsum

The retarding effect of protein retarder on phosphorus building gypsum(PBG)and desulfurization building gypsum(DBG)was investigated,and the results show that protein retarder for DBG can effectively prolong the setting time and displays a better retarding effect,but for PBG shows a poor retarding effect.Furthermore,the deterioration reason of the retarding effect of protein retarder on PBG was investigated by measuring the pH value and the retarder concentration of the liquid phase from vacuum filtration of PBG slurry at different hydration time,and the measure to improve the retarding effect of protein retarding on PBG was suggested.The pH value of PBG slurry(<5.0)is lower than that of DBG slurry(7.8-8.5).After hydration for 5 min,the concentration of retarder in liquid phase of DBG slurry gradually decreases,but in liquid phase of PBG slurry continually increases,which results in the worse retarding effect of protein retarder on PBG.The liquid phase pH value of PBG slurry can be adjusted higher by sodium silicate,which is beneficial to improvement in the retarding effect of the retarder.By adding 1.0%of sodium silicate,the initial setting time of PBG was efficiently prolonged from 17 to 210 min,but little effect on the absolute dry flexural strength was observed.

An Investigation Into the Needs and Challenges of County-Level Family Education Guidance Services and Corresponding Improvement Measures

The delivery of targeted family education guidance services is essential for establishing a three-in-one education model that encompasses families,schools,and communities.It is also the key to creating a favorable educational environment that promotes the comprehensive and healthy development of individual students.To gain a comprehensive understanding of family education characteristics and trends in Chinese counties,accurately tap into the educational needs of parents,and effectively identify strengths and weaknesses in family education guidance services,this paper employed a quantitative research method based on a questionnaire survey and interview data from J district of C city after years of continuous monitoring of the quality of family education in the area,aiming to explore these issues and put forward several suggestions for improvement.The results indicate that the family learning environment and atmosphere in the district are generally favorable,while parental educational competence requires further improvement.Parents express a strong desire for interactive,systematic,and fragmented family education guidance from schools.Most parents acknowledge the significance of receiving guidance on family education,yet they are disinclined to actively engage in learning-related activities.While the operational mechanisms of county-level family education guidance services have been continuously improved,there is a need for greater overall coordination.Furthermore,the potential of school-led family education guidance services has yet to be fully tapped,and the scientific and professional standards of such guidance need to be further enhanced.Based on the aforementioned findings,we propose recommendations for improvement.Using J district’s effective improvement practices in management,curriculum,and teams as an example,we intend to explore practical ways to promote county-level family education guidance services and provide a valuable reference for the establishment of a comprehensive and effective system to improve such services.

Study on Soil Improvement Measure of Plant Landscape Construction in Saline and Alkaline Area in Tianjin

A detailed research in soil improving measure was conducted during the process of plants that were cultivated in Tianjin saline and alkaline area. The results showed that the commonly used measures could improve the soil, and also we got some useful advices and suggestions for plants cultivating in Tianiin saline and alkaline areas.

Analysis of the factors affecting the fuel rate in the COREX process and improvement measures

Increasing production capacity and operating rate, reducing fuel rates and costs of hot metal （HM） are the urgent tasks for the COREX process. In this study ,the various factors on the fuel consumption of COREX are researched from the theoretical analysis based on the calculations of material balances and heat balances. Combined with the production performances and practices of COREX-2000 （ Saldanha, India） and COREX-3000 （ Baosteel ）, the technical measures of reducing the fuel rate are analyzed and the way forward of technical innovation is addressed and discussed with the standpoint of the COREX process improvement.

Current Situations,Evolution Trend,and Improvement Measures of Soil Organic Matter in Cultivated Land of Northeast China

The data of cultivated land quality monitoring sites,and the current situations and evolution trend of soil organic matter in cultivated land in Northeast China were analyzed.Then,the causes for low organic matter content were discussed.Finally,it came up with pertinent soil improvement recommendations,including actively promoting the quality protection technology model of cultivated land such as straw returning in accordance with local conditions,expanding organic fertilizer sources and increasing application of organic fertilizers,implementing reasonable crop rotation,planting green manure crops such as legumes,and realizing the combination of land use and land cultivation,establishing a reasonable fertilization system,combining organic and inorganic fertilizers with scientific fertilization,increasing fertilizer efficiency and reducing the application of chemical fertilizers,increasing financial investment and promoting the integration of funds related to cultivated land protection.

Actuality and Improvement Measures of Mediumand Low-yielding Farmland in Liaoning Province

In order to improve the quality of cultivated land in Liaoning Province in the light of local conditions, medium- and low-yielding farmland in Liaoning Province are divided into various zones according to characteristics of the terrain, and the practical and feasible improvement measures are put forward based on the current situation and main existing problems in the medium- and low-yielding farmland in different areas,

On the Advantages and Disadvantages of Online English Teaching and Improvement Measures

With the rapid development and wide application of the network,many universities conform to the development of thetimes and actively carry out online English teaching.Online teaching is an important choice for higher education in modern times.It takes the Internet as the transmission system and uses the characteristics and resources of the network to create a meaningfullearning environment different from traditional teaching,which is beneficial to students’learning.After decades of development,ithas become a good teaching mode in addition to the traditional classroom teaching model.However,because its development inChina is still in its infancy,there are inevitably some shortcomings.This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of on-line English teaching and puts forward some improvement measures.

Impact factors and improvement measures of enviroment quality in cleaning operating room

Objective To analyze the factors that impact the environment quality of cleaning operating room and to discuss improvement measurement. Methods Environment bacteria testing results and prevalence of surgical incision infection in cleaning operating room were retro-

Low temperature cracking behavior of asphalt binders and mixtures: A review

Low temperature cracking(LTC)distress on pavement seriously affects road life.This paper finished a literature review of the research on the mechanism of LTC of asphalt composites(asphalt composites refers to asphalt binder and asphalt mixture in this article),test methods,factors contributing to LTC,measures to prevent and control the distress,and prediction of LTC in asphalt pavements.The following conclusions were obtained:the cracking mechanism of asphalt mixtures needs to be further revealed by means of simulation at the micro level,the BBR and 4 mm plate test(by DSR)methods are currently optimal,and a correlation between asphalt and asphalt mixture evaluation indexes needs to be established.Sensitivity analyses are needed for the factors affecting LTC of asphalt mixtures.It is necessary to calculate the contribution of each factor to the LTC of asphalt mixtures.The aim is to propose targeted improvement measures for the most unfavourable factors,as well as to carry out research and development of key materials for anti-cracking.Measures for the prevention and control of LTC of asphalt pavement are analyzed and discussed.Existing researches on the prediction of LTC of asphalt pavements is discussed.It is necessary to analyse the mechanical response of asphalt pavement,the damage process and the sensitivity of anti-cracking parameters on the basis of considering the complex geometrical characteristics and material properties of asphalt pavement materials.Finally,the mechanism of LTC,evaluation methods,factors influencing LTC,and remedial measures for asphalt composites were summarized,and future research prospects were suggested.This paper provides theoretical support for the further solution of LTC distress of asphalt pavement,which is effective on the improvement of pavement life.

Impact of Water Quality Sampling Process on Environmental Monitoring Results

The sampling of environmental water should ensure the representativeness and integrity of the sampled water body,which has an important impact on the monitoring results.The sampling of different water bodies sampling will result in different monitoring results.Based on the study on the problems and influencing factors in the sampling process of environmental water quality,improvement measures during the sampling process were elaborated in the paper,with the aim to strengthen on-site control of water sampling,and reduce adverse effects on monitoring results.

Research on Traffic Safety at Tunnel Entrance and Exit

Highway tunnel entrances have a high rate of expressway traffic accidents.In this paper,the reasons for the high incidence of traffic accidents at highway tunnel entrances are analyzed in detail,and corresponding solutions are proposed,hoping to provide some reference to relevant parties.

Value of improved nursing measures and enhanced nursing management to reduce the occurrence of adverse events in pediatric infusion

BACKGROUND Intravenous infusion is a common method of drug administration in clinical practice.Errors in any aspect of the infusion process,from the verification of medical orders,preparation of the drug solution,to infusion by nursing staff,may cause adverse infusion events.AIM To analyzed the value of improving nursing measures and enhancing nursing management to reduce the occurrence of adverse events in pediatric infusion.METHODS The clinical data of 130 children who received an infusion in the pediatric department of our hospital from May 2020 to May 2021 were analyzed and divided into two groups according to the differences in nursing measures and nursing management:65 patients in the control group received conventional nursing and nursing management interventions,while 65 patients in the observation group received improved nursing measure interventions and enhanced nursing management.The occurrence of adverse events,compliance of children,satisfaction of children’s families,and complaints regarding the transfusion treatment were recorded in both groups.RESULTS The incidence of fluid extravasation and infusion set dislodgement in the observation group were 3.08%and 1.54%,respectively,which were significantly lower than 12.31%and 13.85%in the control group(P<0.05),while repeated punctures and medication addition errors in the observation group were 3.08%and 0.00%,respectively,which were lower than 9.23%and 3.08%in the control group,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05).The compliance rate of children in the observation group was 98.46%(64/65),which was significantly higher than 87.69%(57/65)in the control group,and the satisfaction rate of children’s families was 96.92%(63/65),which was significantly higher than 86.15%(56/65)in the control group(P<0.05).The observation group did not receive any complaints from the child’s family,whereas the control group received four complaints,two of which were due to the crying of the child caused by repeated punctures,one due to the poor attitude of the nurse,and one due to medication addition errors,with a cumulative complaint rate of 6.15%.The cumulative complaint rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Improving nursing measures and enhancing nursing management can reduce the incidence of fluid extravasation and infusion set dislodgement in pediatric patients,improve children’s compliance and satisfaction of their families,and reduce family complaints.

Freeze-thaw Durability of Recycled Aggregate Concrete:An Overview

The characteristics of surface appearances,mass loss,relative dynamic modulus of elasticity and strength loss of different recycled aggregate concretes(RAC) exposed to freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed.It was found that the freeze-thaw resistance of RAC could be determined by the recycled aggregate compositions and admixtures.Both the saturation degree and the air void structure were the key factors influencing the freeze-thaw damage on concrete.Some major proposed freeze-thaw deterioration mechanisms were utilized to interpret the freeze-thaw damage on recycled aggregate concrete.Meanwhile,some potential measures to enhance the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete were summarized and discussed.

Simulating Error-Opening of Pressure Relief Valves of a Station on a Continuous Undulating Oil Pipeline with Large Elevation Difference

For oil pipeline in mountain areas,high hydrostatic pressure in the pipeline may cause error-opening of pressure relief valves,and oil is discharged from the pipeline to the pressure relief tanks,bringing spilling-over risk of the pressure relief tanks.Therefore,simulating the error-opening situations of the pressure relief valves and investigating the oil discharge process are necessary for checking the possibility of the spilling-over accident and then proposing measures to improve the pressure relief system.This research focuses on a continuous undulating oil pipeline with large elevation difference and a station along this pipeline,which is named B station in this paper,is studied.By OLGA software,simulation model of the pressure relief system of B station is established,and the accuracy of the model is verified by reconstructing a real accident and making a comparison with the actual accident data.The maximum discharge rate reached 8284 m3/h when the pressure relief valve was opened by mistake in the inlet and outlet of the station.The accumulated filling time of the two pressure relief tanks is 200 s,which is in good agreement with the accident data.On this basis,for error-opening of the pressure relief valves at the inlet and outlet of B station,simulation is performed to investigate variations of the discharge velocity,discharge flow rate,accumulated discharge volume and ventilation volume of the vent valve.The discharge velocity is found to be over the maximum velocity allowed for safety consideration.According to the accumulated discharge volume,it is inferred that spilling over of the pressure relief tanks will be caused once error-opening of the pressure relief valve occurs.Also it is judged that the existing breathing valve can not satisfy the ventilation requirement in case of failure of the pressure relief valves.From these simulation results,it is proposed that increasing the number of vent valves,replacing the manual valves with electrically operated valves,and employing security control interlock protection program are improvement measures to guarantee safe,efficient and reliable operation of the pressure relief system at B station.

Study on Safety Distance between Expressway Tunnel and Interchange under Multi Tunnel

The net distance between the Xuetangwan interchange and the Huangshi tunnel exit of the Kaiyun expressway(Jiangkou-Yunyang-Longgang section)is used as an example in this paper.This paper analyses the problems in the safety distance between expressway tunnel and interchange under multi tunnel,and proposes safety distance measures between expressway tunnel and interchange under multi tunnel,based on the current safety distance standard between expressway tunnel and interchange under multi tunnel.

Research on Comprehensive Reinforcement Treatment Technology of Tunnel Entrance Slope in Thick Landslide Stratum

The existence of loose landslides not only poses a huge safety hazard to the construction of tunnel entrances, but also significantly increases the difficulty of site construction. In this paper, we investigate the comprehensive slope reinforcement management technology for tunnel entrances in thick landslide strata, using the finite element analysis software ABAQUS to study the slope safety coefficients, displacements and plastic zone changes under different management conditions, propose a design structure for slope stability enhancement in thick landslide strata, and analyse the effect of the application of slope stability enhancement measures for thick landslide strata. The results show that the enhanced design structure is used to enhance slope stability. The results show that after the landslide treatment with the enhanced design structure, the slope safety factor was increased from 0.961 to 1.512, the maximum horizontal tangential displacement was reduced from 330.2 mm to 32.74 mm, and the area of plastic zone was significantly reduced, and the landslide support effect was remarkable.

Multi-criteria decision making method based on improved cosine similarity measure with interval neutrosophic sets

Purpose–The fuzziness and complexity of evaluation information are common phenomenon in practical decision-making problem,interval neutrosophic sets(INSs)is a power tool to deal with ambiguous information.Similarity measure plays an important role in judging the degree between ideal and each alternative in decision-making process,the purpose of this paper is to establish a multi-criteria decision-making method based on similarity measure under INSs.Design/methodology/approach–Based on an extension of existing cosine similarity,this paper first introduces an improved cosine similarity measure between interval neutosophic numbers,which considers the degrees of the truth membership,the indeterminacy membership and the falsity membership of the evaluation values.And then a multi-criteria decision-making method is established based on the improved cosine similarity measure,in which the ordered weighted averaging(OWA)is adopted to aggregate the neutrosophic information related to each alternative.Finally,an example on supplier selection is given to illustrate the feasibility and practicality of the presented decision-making method.Findings–In the whole process of research and practice,it was realized that the application field of the proposed similarity measure theory still should be expanded,and the development of interval number theory is one of further research direction.Originality/value–The main contributions of this paper are as follows:this study presents an improved cosine similarity measure under INSs,in which the weights of the three independent components of an interval number are taken into account;OWA are adopted to aggregate the neutrosophic information related to each alternative;and a multi-criteria decision-making method using the proposed similarity is developed under INSs.

An improved method of angle measurement with a position sensitive detector

An improved method of angle measurement is proposed based on a parallel plate interferometer. A position detection system is incorporated into a parallel plate interferometer in order to realize large deflection angle measurement. A reflecting mirror is introduced for increasing the measurement resolution. In experiments, a deflection angle of a measured target was measured within ～3° with high accuracy. And as a phase modulating interferometer, it was used to measure a small angular displacement with a repeatability of 5.5 × 10^-8 rad.

Improved phase-shifting diffraction interferometer for microsphere topography measurements

In this study, an improved phase-shi^ng diffraction interferometer for measuring the surface topography of a microsphere is developed. A common diode-pumped solid state laser is used as the light source to facilitate ap- paratus realization, and a new polarized optical arrangement is designed to filter the bias light for phase-shifting control. A pinhole diffraction self-calibration method is proposed to eliminate systematic errors introduced by optical elements. The system has an adjustable signal contrast and is suitable for testing the surface with low reflectivity. Finally, a spherical ruby probe of a coordinate measuring machine is used as an example tested by the new phase-shifting diffraction interferometer system and the WYKO scanning white light interferometer for experimental comparison. The measured region presents consistent overall topography features, and the resulting peak-to-valley value of 84.43 nm and RMS value of 18.41 nm are achieved. The average roughness coincides with the manufacturer＇s specification value.

Noise reduction and signal to noise ratio improvement in magneto-optical polarization rotation measurement

The measurement of an extremely small magneto-optical polarization rotation angle with high sensitivity is integral to many scientific and technological applications. In this Letter, we have presented a technique based on Faraday modulation combined with the optical differential method to measure an extremely small polari- zation rotation angle with high sensitivity. The theoretical and experimental results show that common mode noise is reduced appreciably and signal to noise ratio is enhanced. The effectiveness of this technique has been demonstrated by measuring the Verdet constant of terbium gallium garnet glass and measuring the small polari- zation rotation angle. A sensitivity of enhancement of one order of magnitude has been achieved using differ- ential detection based on Faraday modulation.