New Discovery and Zircon Hf Isotopic Composition of the Early Yanshannian Monzogranite in the Yingyangguan Group of Eastern Guangxi, China

Objective The Yingyangguan Group is widely exposed in the southwestern segment of boundary belt between Yangtze and Cathaysian blocks and is mainly composed of a suit of lower-grade metamorphic marine volcanoclastic- sedimentary rocks （Zhou Hanwen et al., 2002）. Its forming age and petrogenesis are critical for better understanding the orogenic process and relationship of the Yangtze and Cathaysian blocks since the Neoproterozoic. However, few zircon U-Pb ages of samples from the Yingyangguan Group have been reported, which are much debated, such as the metamorphic spilite （819±11 Ma）, keratophyre （415.1±2.1 Ma） and ignimbrite （821.3±3.9 Ma） （Tian Yang et al., 2015 and references in）. In this study, we focus on the new discovered Early Yanshannian monzogranite and its mafic enclaves from the Yingyangguan Group, and conducted zircon U-Pb dating and in-situ Hf isotopic analyses to constrain their petrogenesis.

A new discovery of The Early Cretaceous Supercritical Hyperpycnal Flow Deposits on Lingshan Island,East China

Objective Understanding the dynamics of sediment gravity flows is of great importance to correctly interpret their related deposits. The discovery of supercritical sediment gravity flows provides some new viewpoints for the explanation of controversial sediment gravity flow deposits. However, the dynamics, formation, evolution processes of supercritical sediment gravity flows and their recognition criteria from their associated deposits are still worldwide controversial. The supercritical hyperpycnal flow deposits recognized in the upper part of Early Cretaceous Lingshandao Formation provide a rare opporttmity to understand their sedimentary characteristics. This work is aimed at documenting the typical sedimentary structures associated with the supercritical hyperpycnal flow, and discussing the vertical stacking and its relationship with flow evolution.

Countermeasures and Prevention of Railway Traffic Accidents in the Early Days of the Founding of the People’s Republic of China

In the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,in order to restore the national economy as soon as possible,the Communist Party of China carried out maintenance and repairs on the railways that caused serious damage to transportation tasks through war-torn smoke,and carried out large-scale railway construction.However,in the course of operation,railway safety accidents occur frequently due to outdated equipment,low quality of staff,lack of rules and regulations,vandalism,and various natural disasters.In the face of severe conditions,the railway authorities summed up the accidents and learned the safety of the railways,so that the railway transportation industry,which started after the founding of the country,was gradually on the right track,and laid a solid foundation for the safe development of the railway industry.

New Genus and Species of Fossil Dragonflies (Insecta: Odonata) from the Yixian Formation of Northeastern China

Two well-preserved fossil dragonflies from the Late Mesozoic Yixian Formation, Liaoning Province, China are described and assigned to a new genus, Sopholibellula gen. nov. in Araripelibellulidae Bechly, 1996, closely related to the type genus Araripelibellula. This new genus differs from AraripelibeUula in the following characters： origins of RP and MA distinctly separated at arculus in both pairs of wings; anal loop wider and shorter, with Y-shaped veins inside; MA and IR2 not zigzag; several small intercalary veins present in the postdiscoidal area of hindwing; cells smaller and much more dense, especially in the apex and hind margin; bigger in size. Structures, including head, abdomen and parts of legs, were first described in details of this family.

China's External Economic Environment in the Early New Century

Four Changes in World EconomyFirst,a new round of global economic growth is under way.In 2000,oil pricerose rapidly,stoek markets and exchange rates remained volatile and interestrates went up.All these disadvantages did not undermine the foundations of worldeconomy,and the average growth rate of global gross domestic product(GDP)

中华人民共和国成立初期民间药方的收集与影响

中华人民共和国成立初期,由中国共产党领导开展的民间药方收集是各级卫生部门贯彻落实党的中医政策的结果,也是社会主义医疗卫生事业的重要组成部分。党和政府凭借强大的组织体系和社会动员能力使药方收集工作得以在全国迅速展开,并取得了明显成效。药方收集的普遍开展,在保障人民群众生命健康、继承和发扬祖国医学遗产、推动我国医学科学事业的发展以及提升民众的爱国热情等方面,都产生了积极的影响。

A new Eocene catostomid (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from northeastern China and early divergence of Catostomidae

A new Eocene catostomid genus and species,Plesiomyxocyprinus arratiae, is described from Huadian, Jilin Province, northeastern China. The materials include a nearly complete skeleton, dozens of pharyngeal bones with teeth, and a number of disarticulated bones. The new articulated specimen is large-sized and deep-bodied, with an estimated standard length of ca. 300 mm and body depth of 156 mm or about half of its standard length. The assignment of the fish to the Catostomidae is based on its falciform pharyngeal bone with one row of numerous (more than 50) compressed teeth, and the bone is much smaller than in cyprinids, especially given the size of the fish. The new fish distinguishes itself from all known catostomids (both extinct and extant) in its long anal fin with four unbranched and 17-18 branched rays, and its extremely short caudal peduncle that is only about one fourth of its depth. Plesiomyxocyprinus arratiae resembles the Eocene-Oligocene transpacific-distributed Amyzon in many general skeletal characters. However, it shows a few characters uniquely shared with the Recent catostomid Myxocyprinus asiaticus. Those include a very long dorsal fin with about 50 branched fin rays, the end of dorsal fin rays being close to the caudal fin base, and anal rays stretching posteriorly beyond the base of caudal fin. It is the first fossil catostomid that shows a close relationship to the endemic Myxocyprinus now living in the Yangtze River and Minjiang River, China. The discovery of Plesiomyxocyprinus arratiae, along with two previously described possible catostomid genera Jianghanichthys and Vasnetzovia, may indicate that the divergence of the Catostomidae started much earlier, in the middle Eocene or earlier, on the western side of the Pacific than on its eastern side.

新中国初期海南黎族苗族地区提高农业生产力措施研究

海南全岛解放后,党和政府根据黎族苗族地区经济社会文化实际,制定了一系列以经济-文化为主的政策措施,促进了海南黎族苗族地区由初期农耕社会-狩猎采集社会向农耕社会的转化,使得其农业生产力水平迅速提高、基础设施迅速改进、教育文化水平迅速提升、人民生活水平显著改善,迅速地拉近了与其他地区经济社会发展水平的距离,并为今后进一步发展奠定了基础。实践证明,这些政策措施,既符合农业社会的发展规律,又充分联系了黎族苗族地区的实际,因而在当时取得了良好的政策效益,其亦给当今推动海南黎族苗族地区的发展提供了很好的借鉴。

新中国初期吕振羽论教师思想教育及其启示

吕振羽在新中国初期创办党领导的新型高校过程中,高度重视教师队伍建设,依据当时形势组织开展教师思想教育工作,就教师思想教育的必要性、教师思想教育内容、教师思想教育方法等,提出了富有创见意义的系列论述,并积累了丰富的实践经验,对当今时代高校建设及教师思想教育均具有重要启示价值。

Atmospheric and Oceanic Oxygenation and Evolution of Early Life on Earth: New Contributions from China

The buildup of oxygen in the Earth＇s atmosphere and oceans has fundamentally reshaped the dynamics of nearly all major biogeochemical cycles and ultimately paved the way for the diversification of complex life on Earth. Over the past decades there have been sustained efforts to develop a more comprehensive understanding of ocean-atmosphere redox evolution and its relationship to the evolution of early life （Fig. 1）. It is generally accepted that the development of oxygenic photosynthesis at ~2.7 Ga may have been responsible for the Great Oxidation Event （GOE） at the beginning of the Proterozoic Eon, whereas a second big O2 rise at the end of the Proterozoic Eon （the so-called Neoproterozoic Oxidation Event or NOE） was responsible for the diversification of metazoans （Lyons et al., 2014）.

A new early cyprinin from Oligocene of South China

Here we describe Huashancyprinus robustispinus,gen.et sp.nov,a fossil cyprinin fish from the Oligocene of Ningming Ba-sin,Guangxi,South China.It differs from all other cyprinin fishes in the following apomorphic characters:extremely robust last unbranched dorsal and anal fin rays with very fine serrations along posterior edge,the crowns of pharyngeal teeth A2 and A3 with a number of deep grooves on the lateral wall,rather large A3,and relatively deep infraorbital 2.Among the members of the Tribe Cyprinini sensu stricto,it mostly resembles the extant genus Cyprinus,particularly to species Cyprinus micristius and C.fuxianensis,which are restricted to Yunnan,southwestern China.The discovery of the cyprinin Huashancyprinus from southern China,along with the previously known late Eocene Cyprinus maomingensis,indicates an early branching of the Cyprininae(Cyprinidae) in this area.

A new ichnotaxon of fossil bird track from the Early Cretaceous Tianjialou Formation (Barremian- Albian), Shandong Province, China

A single set of 5 bird tracks was discovered in the Tianjialou Formation (Barremian-Albian) of Junan County, Shandong Province, China. After careful study we infer that it is a new type of bird tracks, and a new ichnoge- nus was erected and the name Shandongornipes was given. The characteristics of the new bird track are as follows: Moderately large tetradactyl footprints with well-developed hallux impression. Track width (about 5.8 cm) almost equal to track length (excluding hallux); total length of track (in- cluding hallux) 8.7 cm. The digit impressions are slender, with distal ends showing long sharp claw marks. Hallux pos- teriorly-directed, and hallux impressions well-developed. Digits II, III and IV point anteriorly, exhibiting mesaxonic asymmetry: divarication angle between II and III much lar- ger than that of III and IV, the former ranging from 91° to 118°, and the latter less than 30°. Divarication between digits II and IV ranging from 128° to 142°. Without web structures. Digital pads recognizable, usually at least three in digits III and IV, but sometimes only two due to preservation. The trackway shows slight positive (inward) rotation of feet. The bird tracks occur in association with abundant dinosaur tracks, and are believed to have formed in flood plain environments.

新中国成立初期“糖衣炮弹”应对策略探析

新中国成立初期,资产阶级采取多种方式侵蚀党员领导干部,其发送“糖衣炮弹”的形式分为思想和物质两个层面。有一部分党员干部走上领导岗位后,经不住资产阶级“糖衣炮弹”的诱惑,走上腐化堕落的道路,严重损坏了党的健康肌体。为了保持党的纯洁性与先进性,中国共产党运用运动反腐和制度反腐两种方式进行了反腐败斗争,建立了中国历史上少有的政治清明时代,这对我们当前反侵蚀、反腐败斗争有着重要的现实启示意义和长远的借鉴价值。

新年画与新中国成立初期基层民众主流意识形态话语的塑造

新年画是一种兼具娱乐属性和思想政治教育功能的传播媒介,具有承载政治诉求、宣传新政策、传递新思想、展现新生活、传播主流意识形态等多重功能。新中国成立后,中国共产党将主流意识形态话语融入新年画的创作、传播中。具体来说,党通过组织建设、人才培养、学术探讨、展览活动等方式,努力做到新年画形式的通俗化和内容的日常化,再凭借新年画独特的图像符号叙事和艺术魅力深入民众生活的方方面面,对于实现民众的政治动员,推动马克思主义在全国范围的传播,转变社会风貌产生了积极影响,最终推动了主流意识形态话语的建构。

新中国成立初期新民主主义青年团引领青年的历史考察与借鉴(1949—1957)

引领青年是共青团职能使命的题中之义。新中国成立初期,新民主主义青年团充分发挥党的可靠助手和后备军这一政治职能,巩固和扩大党执政的青年群众基础。新民主主义青年团引领青年发扬爱国主义精神,站在巩固新生人民政权的前列;发挥自身优势,做“经济建设的突击队”;提高思想觉悟,做“开创社会新风尚的先锋”;提升文化水平,做“科学文化建设的生力军”。新民主主义青年团引领青年带有强烈的时代烙印,也形成了别具特点的引领方式,这为新时代共青团引领青年提供了以下借鉴:既要围绕党的中心工作发挥团的战斗力,又要照顾青年特点提升团的向心力;既要用科学的理论武装青年头脑,又要以火热的社会实践锤炼青年本领;既要从精神层面激发青年干事创业,又要从物质层面保障青年发展权益;既要结合时代特点焕发团的活力,又要在推进自我革命中保证团的先进性和纯洁性。

新中国成立初期妇女参与体育运动的历史考察

新中国成立初期,广大妇女作为体育运动的重要力量之一,在群众体育、学校体育、竞技体育以及国防体育等方面进行体育运动实践,取得了显著成绩。国家颁布政策法令保障妇女权利,并通过妇女联合会和体育协会等加强对妇女的组织与沟通协调、利用妇女模范调动妇女参与体育运动、采取多种宣传手段激发妇女参与的积极性。妇女参与体育运动强健了身体、提高了社会地位,展现了中国共产党的执政能力,为中国体育事业的发展提供了经验遵循。

新中国成立初期农田水利工具改革研究(1950—1960年)

新中国成立初期,江河泛滥、灾害频繁,水利事业百废待兴。为此,党和政府及时制定了“防止水患,兴修水利”的国策。为助力农田水利修复与修筑,在1950—1960年,全国开展了水利工具改革运动。这一时期水利工具的改革经历了全面改良、创新与研发两个阶段。新中国成立初期,北方大面积研制推广水车,南方在改良旧有水利工具的同时推广机械灌溉,“一五”计划期间继续发展,至“大跃进”时期水利工具改革迎来了发展的高峰,在党中央的领导下,将群众运动与科学技术相结合,在冬春季节兴修农田水利,改良、研发水利工具,使得水利工具有了较大进步。水利工具改革运动,有效地缓解了旱灾带来的影响,在保证农业丰收、促进经济发展等方面起到了积极作用,同时也存在着一些冒进的做法,产生了一定消极影响。

新中国成立初期学校劳动教育的历程回溯、主要特征及现实启示

中国共产党一贯重视劳动的重要作用,通过学校劳动教育培育劳动情感、涵养劳动精神,培养全面发展的劳动者。新中国成立初期,我国学校劳动教育经历了发轫、拓展、强化、调整的发展历程。在十七年的教育实践中,劳动教育呈现出教育主体综合化、内容多样化以及方法多元化的主要特征。在新的历史条件下,学校劳动教育应深入总结历史经验,坚持守正与创新的辩证统一。以多元主体参与为牵引,构建主体协同的劳动育人新格局;以全面发展为导向,坚持价值观教育与技能教育相统一;以回应现实为着力点,统筹推进劳动教育理论化与实践化。通过推动学校劳动教育持续发展,促进人的自由全面发展,使劳动教育更好地服务于社会主义现代化建设的需要,服务于国家战略发展的需要,为中华民族伟大复兴提供精神动力与人才支撑。

周恩来与新中国成立初期的反细菌战

抗美援朝战争中,周恩来在协助毛泽东开展抗美援朝工作的同时,还直接领导了反细菌战的伟大斗争。他冷静思考、沉着应对,与其他中央领导人密切配合,制定各种紧急应对措施,在国内领导开展大规模群众性的卫生防疫运动,并利用国际舞台与外交场合揭露美国发动细菌战的真相,还邀请国际调查团在朝鲜和我国东北地区搜集美国发动细菌战的证据,调查事实真相。在周恩来的卓越领导下,新中国赢得了反美细菌战的最后胜利,同时为我国今后开展卫生防疫工作积累了宝贵经验,对指导今后相当长时期的爱国卫生运动也发挥了积极作用。

新中国成立初期中华民族共同体建设的实践与经验

新中国成立初期,为推动中华民族共同体建设,中国共产党自上而下从政策设计、实践引领、舆论引导等方面开展一系列实践举措。营造新中国和平统一的环境,建立家国安全共同体;重点帮助少数民族,构建多元一体结构共同体;维护各民族政治权利与地位,建设政治共同体;注重各民族经济利益,建设经济共同体;发展新中国文化教育事业,建设文化共同体。这一阶段的中华民族共同体建设实践增强了各民族中华民族共同体意识,为新时代铸牢中华民族共同体意识提供了宝贵的经验与启示。