Characterization of stereostructure by X-ray and technology of extracting in combination hydrolysis in situ of acankoreanogenin from leaves of Acanthopanax gracilistylus W.W.Smith

To study the stereostructure by X-ray and the technology of extracting acankoreanogenin from the leaves of Acanthopanax graeilistylus W. W. Smith （AGS）, the crystal structure was measured with a Bruker APEX-Ⅱ area-detector diffractometer instrument and the technology of extracting in combination hydrolysis in situ （ECHS） was compared with these of traditional methods. The crystal belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P2b with unit cell parameters： a=（8.3652±0.0006） nm, b=（24.721±0.002） nm, and c=（14.5587±0.0011） nm, α=90°, β=97.850 （4） °, γ=90 °, V=2982.51 nm3, Dc= 1.179 mg/m3, and the molecular number （Z） of elementary structures was 2. The comparisons show that the extraction rate of acankoreanogenin with ECHS methods is much higher than that of traditional methods. Then, central composite design-response surface methodology （CCD-RSM） was adopted for optimizing the extraction rate of ECHS methods. The optimized values of extraction parameters are as follows： for the for extraction process of acid hydrolysis are that extraction time 110.8 min, solvent-herb ratio 11.5 and acid content 5.25%; the best extraction process of basic hydrolysis are that extract time 120 min, solvent-herb ratio 8.7 and the alkali content 8.79%. Finally, the extracts were purified with decolorizing carbon after alkali solution and acid-isolation and purity of acankoreanogenin was 98.7%.

Nitrogen-doped flower-like porous carbon materials directed by in situ hydrolysed MgO： Promising support for Ru nanoparticles in catalytic hydrogenations

The development of novel simple, and convenient techniques for the fabrication of porous carbon materials with desirable properties, such as tunable pore structures and the presence of nitrogen functionalities, from renewable and abundant biomasses is required. We herein describe an in situ directing method for the preparation of a nitrogen-doped flower-like porous carbon （NFPC） employing arbitrarily shaped MgO from bio-derived glucosamine chloride （GAH）. Experimental evidence demonstrated that the structure directing effect of the Mg（OH）2 nanosheets formed in situ from MgO hydrolysis was key to this process, with the original MgO morphology being irrelevant. Furthermore, this method was applicable for a wide variety of biomass-derived carbon precursors. The resulting NFPC exhibited a high nitrogen content of 〈9 wt.%, and was employed as a support to anchor small Ru nanoparticles （average size = 2.7 nm）. The resulting Ru/NFPC was highly active in heterogeneous hydrogenations of toluene and benzoic acid, which demonstrated the advantages of nitrogen doping in terms of boosting catalytic performance.