Three-dimensional P-wave Velocity Structure Modelling of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt: Crustal Architecture and Metallogenic Implications

In this study,we compiled and analyzed 69310 P-wave travel-time data from 6639 earthquake events.These events(M≥2.0)occurred from 1980 s to June 2019 and were recorded at 319 seismic stations(Chinese Earthquake Networks Center)in the study area.We adopted the double-difference seismic tomographic method(tomo DD)to invert the 3-D P-wave velocity structure and constrain the crust-upper mantle architecture of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt(MLYB).A 1-D initial model extracted from wide-angle seismic profiles was used in the seismic tomography,which greatly reduced the inversion residual.Our results indicate that reliable velocity structure of th e uppermost mantle can be obtained when Pn is involved in the tomography.Our results show that:(1)the pattern of the uppermost mantle velocity structure corresponds well with the geological partitioning:a nearly E-W-trending low-velocity zone is present beneath the Dabie Orogen,in contrast to the mainly NE-trending low-velocity anomalies beneath the Jiangnan Orogen.They suggest the presence of thickened lower crust beneath the orogens in the study area.In contrast,the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks are characterized by relatively high-velocity anomalies;(2)both the ultra-high-pressure(UHP)metamorphic rocks in the Dabie Orogen and the low-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Zhangbaling dome are characterized by high-velocity anomalies.The upper crust in the Dabie Orogen is characterized by a low-velocity belt,sandwiched between two high velocity zones in a horizontal direction,with discontinuous low-velocity layers in the middle crust.The keel of the Dabie Orogen is mainly preserved beneath its northern section.We infer that the lower crustal delamination may have mainly occurred in the southern Dabie Orogen,which caused the mantle upwelling responsible for the formation of the granitic magmas emplaced in the middle crust as the low-velocity layers observed there.Continuous deep-level compression likely squeezed the granitic magma upward to intrude the upper crustal UHP metamorphic rocks,forming the'sandwich'velocity structure there;(3)high-velocity updoming is widespread in the crust-mantle transition zone beneath the MLYB.From the Anqing-Guichi ore field northeastward to the Luzong,Tongling,Ningwu and Ningzhen orefields,high-velocity anomalies in the crust-mantle transition zone increase rapidly in size and are widely distributed.The updoming also exists in the crust-mantle transition zone beneath the Jiurui and Edongnan orefields,but the high-velocity anomalies are mainly stellate distributed.The updoming high-velocity zone beneath the MLYB generally extends from the crust-mantle transition zone to the middle crust,different from the velocity structure in the upper crust.The upper crust beneath the Early Cretaceous extension-related Luzong and Ningwu volcanic basins is characterized by high velocity zones,in contrast to the low velocity anomalies beneath the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous compression-related Tongling ore field.The MLYB may have undergone a compressive-to-extensional transition during the Yanshanian(Jurassic-Cretaceous)period,during which extensive magmatism occurred.The near mantle-crustal boundary updoming was likely caused by asthenospheric underplating at the base of the lower crust.The magmas may have ascended through major crustal faults,undergoing AFC(assimilation and fractional crystallization)processes,became emplaced in the fault-bounded basins or Paleozoic sequences,eventually forming the many Cu-Fe polymetallic deposits there.

Analysis of Seismic Activity in the Middle Part of the North-South Seismic Belt——Joint Study on Deep Seismic Sounding Profile and Seismicity Parameters

Using the rich deep seismic sounding data recorded in the middle part of the NorthSouth Seismic Belt in China,the horizontal and vertical profiles are constructed to obtain the seismic velocity structure,analyze the seismic distribution and calculate the seismic energy and the thickness of the seismogenic layer at the same time.On this basis,the seismicity parameters are calculated using the earthquake catalogue of the study area for the past 40 years,and the relationship between the b-value distribution and the velocity structure is analyzed.The results show an uneven b-value distribution in the study area and a segmented feature along the Longmenshan fault zone.Most of the earthquakes occur in the transition zone anomalies from the positive to the negative.In addition,the thickness of the crust drops from ~60 km to ~48 km from the Southeastern to the Northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,but the thickness of the seismogenic layer increases gradually.It is speculated that the crustal composition of the Northeastern margin contains more felsic materials and has relatively stronger seismic activities than the Southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,possibly associated with the subduction and compression of the Indian Ocean Plate.

High-resolution 3D crustal S-wave velocity structure of the MiddleLower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt and implications for its deep geodynamic setting

The Middle-Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt(MLYMB) is an important mineral resource region in China.High-resolution crustal models can provide crucial constraints to understand the ore-forming processes and geodynamic setting in this region. Using ambient seismic noise from 107 permanent and 82 portable stations in the MLYMB and the adjacent area,we present a new high-resolution 3D S-wave velocity model of this region. We first extract 5–50 s Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion data by calculating ambient noise cross-correlation functions(CFs) and then use the surface wave direct inversion method to invert the mixed path travel times for the 3D S-wave velocity structure. Checkerboard tests show that the horizontal resolution of the 3D S-wave velocity model is approximately 0.5°–1.0° and that the vertical resolution decreases with increasing noise and depth. Our high-resolution 3D S-wave velocity model reveals:(1) AV-shaped high-velocity zone(HVZ) is located in the lower crust and the uppermost mantle in the study region. The western branch of the HVZ passes through the Jianghan Basin,the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt and the Nanxiang Basin. The eastern branch, which almost completely covers the main body of the MLYMB, is located near the Tanlu Fault. The low-velocity anomalies between the western and eastern branches are located in the area of the Qinling-Dabie orogenic belt.(2) High-velocity uplifts(HVUs) are common in the crust of the MLYMB,especially in the areas near the Tanlu Fault, the Changjiang Fault and the Yangxin-Changzhou Fault. The intensities of the HVUs gradually weaken from west to east. The V-shaped HVZ in the lower crust and uppermost mantle and the HVUs in the middle and lower crust likely represent cooled mantle intrusive rocks. During the Yanshanian period, fault systems formed in the MLYMB due to the convergence between the South China Plate and the North China Plate, the multiple-direction drifting of the PaleoPacific Plate and its subduction beneath the Eurasian Plate. The dehydration of the cold oceanic crust led to partial melting in the upper mantle. Temperature differences caused strong convection of the upper mantle material that underplated the lower crust and rose to near the surface along the deep fault systems. After mixing with the crustal materials, mineralization processes, such as assimilation and fractional crystallization, occurred in the MLYMB.

长江中下游成矿带南陵—宣城矿集区中生代构造—岩浆—成矿特征及其地质意义

安徽南陵—宣城矿集区是长江中下游成矿带中一个新确立的矿集区,近年来找矿勘查工作取得重要进展。笔者等在广泛收集以往区域地质调查以及最新地球物理探测和矿床地质勘查成果的基础上,系统总结了矿集区地质构造、岩浆岩和铜多金属矿床的地质和地球化学特征,探讨了中生代时期区域构造作用与岩浆作用和成矿作用的相互关系。研究认为,南陵—宣城矿集区构造上为一个受深大断裂控制的中生代—新生代陆相凹陷—断陷火山—沉积盆地,盆地之上叠置古生代地层构成的NE向指状展布的复背斜/逆冲推覆体,盆地基底地层组成和构造特征与盆地之上叠置的复背斜/逆冲推覆体基本一致,且两者均发育相同时代和特征的侵入岩及相关铜多金属矿床。南陵—宣城矿集区构造—岩浆—成矿特征总体上与长江中下游成矿带其他地区基本一致,反映自中生代以来受古太平洋板块向欧亚板块之下俯冲作用的控制,经历了强烈的陆内变形改造以及相应的多期次NW—SE向挤压作用和拉张作用。南陵—宣城矿集区构造—岩浆—成矿特征同时又具有其独特性,表现在其地质构造格架、侵入岩和矿床特征与长江中下游成矿带其他火山—沉积盆地明显不同,反映其在区域构造空间以及地壳基底结构和组成上的差异,同时揭示南陵—宣城矿集区是长江中下游成矿带跨构造单元复合系统的典型代表。

长江经济带中三角三省碳排放及脱钩分析——基于2011—2020年省际面板数据

碳减排是人类共同面对的世界级难题。论文利用2011—2020年长江经济带中三角湘鄂赣三省相关省际面板数据,采用泰尔指数、Tapio模型等方法,分析了中三角三省碳排放趋势及脱钩现状。研究表明:(1)2011—2020年,江西、湖北和湖南的碳强度分别下降了48.22%、66.15%和51.01%,能源强度则分别下降了31.02%、59.37%和52.15%。得益于碳强度的下降和能源效率的提升,中三角碳排放量变化不大,区域碳排放和经济增长均衡性得以增强。(2)中三角三省主要处于碳弱脱钩状态,没有负脱钩和复挂钩的现象出现。(3)三省能源消费总量增量不多,能源结构降“碳”明显,江西、湖北和湖南煤炭消耗量占比分别下降到40.81%、37.33%和44.75%,非化石能源占比分别提高到31.23%、27.02%和26.70%。建议三省加强产业规划合作布局,完善以长江为主轴,赣江、汉江和湘江为补充的水运航道系统,强化清洁能源生产能力,最终促进三省经济发展形成绿色低碳新格局。

库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带中东段油气充注期次及成藏模式

库车坳陷秋里塔格构造带新生界油藏勘探潜力大,古近系膏盐岩相变区储层砂岩厚度薄,油气成藏过程复杂。利用流体包裹体岩相学观察、激光拉曼光谱、包裹体测温、盆地模拟和储层定量荧光光谱等方法,分析古近系库姆格列木群盐间砂岩样品的烃充注相关流体记录,明确研究区油气充注期次和成藏模式。结果表明:古近纪末—中新世早期,中质油聚集于白垩系砂岩顶部;中新世中期,库姆格列木群砂岩储层第一期轻质油—凝析油充注发生于约14.2 Ma,以蓝绿色荧光包裹体组合为主,古油藏广泛分布;中新世晚期—上新世中期,构造挤压作用增强,逆冲断裂、构造裂缝导致古油藏大量散失;上新世晚期以来,随埋藏深度的增加,高纯度、厚层膏盐层封盖性逐渐恢复,砂岩储层第二期甲烷干气充注发生于约3.7 Ma,形成含甲烷包裹体组合,构成现今盐间砂岩气藏的基本油气特征,形成膏盐岩盖层与构造作用双重控制的油气成藏模式。该结果为秋里塔格构造带中东段进一步勘探提供依据。

The deep background of large-scale,Mesozoic Cu-Au-W metallogenesis in northeastern South China:Constraints from Yingshan-Changshan wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction data

To investigate the geodynamic processes of Mesozoic large-scale mineralization in South China,we deployed a 350-km-long,wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction sounding profile between Yingshan in Hubei and Changshan in Zhejiang.This profile traverses the Cu-Au metallogenic belt in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River(YMB),the Jiangnan W-polymetal metallogenic belt(JNMB),and the Qinhang Cu-polymetal metallogenic belt(QHMB).Our imaging results reveal various interesting velocity features along the profile.(1)The velocity structure is characterized by vertical layering and horizontal blocking;(2)the YMB is marked by high velocity and high V_(p)/V_(s) ratios in general with a significantly uplifted Moho interface and a thin crust of~31 km,and the lower crust contains high-velocity anomalies and has the characteristics of a crustmantle transition zone;(3)the JNMB is bounded by the Jiangnan fault and Jingdezhen-Huangshan fault and has low-velocity anomalies and low V_(p)/V_(s) ratios;and(4)the QHMB is characterized by high-velocity anomalies and high V_(p)/V_(s) ratios.The highvelocity anomalies in the YMB and QHMB represent relatively Cu-Au-rich mafic juvenile lower crust.The formation of this kind of crust is considered to be related to mantle-derived magma underplating or residues of Neoproterozoic oceanic crustal materials,and it also provided sources for large-scale Cu-Au mineralization in the Mesozoic.The JNMB has features similar to those of ancient crusts enriched in W-Sn,the partial melting of which played a leading role in the formation of the superlarge W deposits in this belt.Considering these results and other regional geological data,we propose that a large-scale oblique upwelling of the asthenosphere along the collisional belt of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks during the Mesozoic was the deep driving mechanism for the explosive mineralization of Cu,Au,and W in northeastern South China.The boundaries of the blocks or terrains and discontinuities of the lithosphere were the main channels for deep heat and magmas and therefore controlled the spatial distribution of the metallogenic belt.

长江中下游成矿带及邻区地壳速度结构:来自利辛-宜兴宽角地震资料的约束

为了理解长江中下游地区在中生代成矿的深部动力学过程，Sinoprobe-03-02项目于2011年9月至10月，在跨宁芜矿集区和郯庐断裂带实施了从安徽利辛至江苏宜兴450km长的宽角反射／折射地震剖面。速度剖面结果显示，Moho面深度和地壳速度结构在郯庐断裂两侧东西方向存在明显的差异：（1）在东部扬子块体内部，地壳覆盖层厚3～5km，西部的合肥盆地下方，则达到4～7km。（2）剖面平均Moho面深度为30～32km左右，在郯庐断裂下方，Moho面深度在35kin左右；在宁芜矿集区下方，Moho面整体深度偏浅，达30～31km左右，但局部范围内，Moho面深度至34kin左右。（3）剖面的下地壳平均速度在6.5～6.6km／s左右，在宁芜矿集区下方，下地壳速度偏低，为6.4～6.5km／s左右。剖面上地幔顶部的速度结构平均在8.0～8.2km／s。在宁芜矿集区下方，速度偏低，为7.9～8.1km／s左右。（4）郯庐断裂带的下方，从地表开始，还存在20多千米长的低速异常带，一直延伸到Moho面附近。剖面的宁芜矿集区下方Moho面上隆、下地壳及上地幔的低速异常等壳幔结构特征，预示下地壳不以榴辉岩残体为主，支持燕山期地幔岩浆的上涌和侵入并成矿，是热上涌物质的源地。

淮南-溧阳大地电磁剖面与地质结构分析

研究跨长江中下游成矿带宽频大地电磁测深剖面得出，华北板块与扬子板块的电性差异明显，二者以张八岭隆起为界线，其西侧为合肥沉积盆地，主体电阻率较低。合肥盆地上地壳深度约12km，电阻率约50～500Ω·m，为相对高阻，中下地壳为大片低电阻率，约10～20Ω·m，推测与高温、含盐度、结晶水有关。电性莫霍面深度约34～38km。在张八岭隆起以东，扬子板块导电性较差，电阻率较高，约500～5000Ω·m。主要原因与火山岩侵入活动和中生代灰岩出露地表有关；宁芜盆地和溧阳盆地上地壳电阻率相对较低，中下地壳电阻率较高；溧阳盆地电性莫霍面明显，深度约30～32km；宁芜盆地之下电性莫霍面不明显，可能与岩体侵入有关。宁芜盆地成矿带与燕山期多期次火山侵入活动密切相关，大量富含金属离子的岩浆和热液沿地层界面或断层裂隙上涌，并与沉积围岩发生强烈矿化作用，最终形成了铁、铜、银等多金属矿床。

长江中下游及邻区的地壳密度结构与深部成矿背景探讨——来自重力学的约束

长江中下游成矿带是我国最重要的矿产资源生产基地之一。为了深入理解和认识此成矿带形成的深部构造背景及其岩浆活动与成矿作用过程,本文利用NW-SE向利辛-宜兴地球物理探测剖面的重力场资料构建了跨越长江中下游成矿带地域的二维深部地壳密度结构模型。并在结合其他已有研究成果的基础上,从Moho界面的展布形态、密度分布特征与壳内低密度区的存在等方面探讨了该区的深部构造格局与成矿作用过程。研究结果表明:长江中下游成矿带地域下方的地壳密度结构与其两侧地域存在显著差异;在宁芜矿集区下方的Moho界面呈上隆形态,矿集区存在密度值略低于两侧地域的低密度异常区。幔源岩浆的上涌底侵与MASH成矿作用可较好地解释该区的结构与构造形态以及在地表所见到的岩浆广泛存在和矿产资源富集的特征。岩石圈地幔物质在宁芜矿集区下方的上涌导致了Moho界面的抬升,而脆性上地壳中的伸展断裂则为岩浆的向上运移与矿产资源的形成提供了有利场所与环境。

龙门山中段前山带构造特征及其形成演化

论述了龙门山中段前山带的基本构造特征,并讨论了龙门山中段地质演化过程。研究认为:龙门山中段前山带主要由北川—映秀断裂、安县—都江堰断裂2条走向北东、倾向北西的大断裂和两者之间的彭灌推覆体组成。其中,北川—映秀断裂早期以弱韧性逆冲为主,晚期发育浅部的脆性变形,而安县—都江堰断裂为简单的脆性变形,推覆体内部发育大量与推覆作用有关的逆冲断片,总体上呈叠瓦状分布,由北西向南东推覆。该区地质演化特征:震旦纪—中三叠世为稳定大陆边缘环境,晚三叠世早期过渡为陆相碎屑岩沉积阶段,到上三叠统须家河组三段沉积末,与逆冲推覆构造相伴生的前陆盆地出现,后期逆冲推覆活动进一步发展,新生代时期整体抬升,大规模逆冲推覆,形成现今的复杂构造格局。

陕甘宁盆地中部东西向构造带的确定及其聚气意义

陕甘宁盆地中部发育一个东西向构造带，其分布范围北至鄂托克旗，南达定边 靖边一线。该构造带最早在中元古代的长城纪即有表现，为地台内低幅度裂陷。早古生代早中期为东西向的浅台坳。奥陶系顶部风化壳形成阶段，古地貌表现为东西向的岩溶低地。晚古生代中晚期为陆、海（ 湖） 的过渡带。中生代为北陆南湖的过渡带。第四纪为控制地貌南北分异的分界线。该带显著特点是幅度低，它控制下的岩相类型和厚度，特别是厚度与相邻的南北地区差异较小，往往在数百米以内。低幅度是使得该构造带不易被识别和确定的重要原因之一。该带具有重要的天然气地质意义，它在古生代表现出的低凹地带，使得这里沉积较厚，形成了上、下古生界两大烃源中心；上古生界发育多期三角洲沉积体系，砂体重叠连片发育，形成有利的天然气储层发育带。目前沿该带已发现有长庆、吴堡、镇川堡、横山堡。

长江中下游成矿带中段岩石圈电性结构研究

长江中下游成矿带位于大别造山带、长江中下游凹陷、江南隆起带等大地构造单元结合部位,通过在研究区内布设两条首尾相接共计150km长的大地电磁剖面,获得了50km以浅岩石圈尺度的电性分布.长江中下游地区中段地下电性结构显示出在地下10km和30km处分别存在明显的圈层结构,以此认为现今横向稳定的"电莫霍"反映了研究区经历燕山期陆内构造-岩浆活动后已基本上完成壳幔重新平衡;而分隔大地构造单元的郯庐断裂带、长江断裂带以及江南断裂带在电性上具有特征的梯度显现,在印支造山期后的引张背景下,断裂带成为强伸展活动带与控制了燕山期大范围的陆内岩浆活动;高导地幔的局域性存在以及从北向南地幔导电性的变化反映了在经受深部动力学过程中处于不同大地构造部位的地幔所遭受的不同类型的改造以及地幔深部的构造极性.

朝鲜半岛古生代中期—中生代早期构造格局

古生代中期─中生代早期朝鲜半岛发生了两次主要构造事件,即古生代中期朝鲜半岛中部临津江构造带的活动和古生代晚期—中生代早期朝鲜半岛北部豆满江造山带(咸北地块)的碰撞拼接事件。临津江带的地层、化石和构造等特征研究表明临津江带形成于志留纪末—泥盆纪初,结束于中生代三叠纪松林期;根据咸北地块沉积地层的岩浆岩岩石学、年代学资料,认为豆满江造山带的碰撞拼接时期可能是二叠纪—三叠纪。黄海地球物理、地震研究,朝鲜半岛大地构造和沉积盖层研究结果表明苏-鲁高压变质带没有延伸到临津江带,而是被近南北向纵贯朝鲜西海的断裂右行错移到了济洲岛以南;咸北地块和输城川断裂带的地质特征研究表明,咸北地块可能与佳木斯地块相连接,输城川断裂带可能与牡丹江断裂带相连接。

准噶尔盆地北东向构造及其油气地质意义

准噶尔盆地深、浅层构造存在差异 ,通过地震、地质资料分析了准噶尔盆地发育在中、晚二叠世、三叠纪的北东向构造特征 ,认为中、晚二叠世、三叠纪地层沉积受北东和北西向正断裂控制 ,由北东向正断裂控制的沉积中心构成了雁列组合特征 .地质力学和大地构造背景分析认为 ,盆地形成期的北东向构造与边缘断裂的左旋走滑作用有关 .北东向的逆冲断裂形成于或主要活动于三叠纪末的盆地挤压反转作用 .成盆拉张和反转挤压作用都使得北东向构造成为有利的油气聚集带 。

塔里木盆地东部古生代中期伸展构造的发现及其地质意义

通过地震资料解释,首次在塔里木盆地东部发现了古生代中期的伸展构造。它们是一系列正断层,以及由这些正断层组合成的雁列状张扭性断层带。正断层走向近N-S;雁列状张扭性断层带分两组,走向分别是NE-SW和NW-SE,构成一个共轭体系,显示近E-W向的拉张作用。根据断层生长指数、断层断开的地层单元和断层断距变化的解析,这些伸展构造的形成时间是中志留世—中泥盆世。它们是原特提斯阿尔金早古生代碰撞造山带的碰撞后构造,是判定塔里木地块—柴达木地块碰撞造山作用结束时间的重要证据。

广济—九江同步耦合断裂及其控岩、控矿作用

与广济—九江同步耦合断层对应的 NNE向断裂 (郯庐断裂、赣江断裂 )经历了三次性质转变 :J3 -K1(15 7～ 97Ma)为左行走滑 ,K1晚期至 E2 为张性拱裂 ,E2～ 3 以后呈右行走滑 ;在广济—九江同步耦合断层的耦合区内相应形成了伸展褶断、扭旋褶断、挤压褶断三种构造组合形式 ,其中燕山早期的伸展褶断构造组合呈现出张性伸展性质 ,为成岩成矿提供有利空间 ;同步耦合区内形成于燕山早期第二。

南天山造山带的同碰撞和碰撞后构造——塔里木盆地北部地震解释成果

南天山位于中亚造山带的南缘,是一条增生—碰撞型造山带。其碰撞造山的时间,是中亚造山带研究的一个关键构造问题,引起广泛的关注。以往关于碰撞造山的时间证据,基本上都来自造山带自身,即南天山前新生界露头区。前陆区广泛覆盖着巨厚的新生界,无法直接考察,很少从前陆区碰撞相关构造的角度研究南天山碰撞造山的时间。塔里木盆地北部是南天山碰撞造山带的前陆区。经认真系统地解释这里的地震资料,发现了南天山碰撞造山带的同碰撞构造和碰撞后构造。同碰撞造构造由二叠纪末—三叠纪冲断层及其相关褶皱组成。三叠系/二叠系和侏罗系/三叠系两个不整合给出了二叠纪末—三叠纪初和三叠纪末—侏罗纪初两期挤压冲断的时间。造山后构造为侏罗纪—白垩纪正断层组成。正断层活动起始于三叠纪末—侏罗纪初,持续至白垩纪中期。根据同碰撞构造和碰撞后构造的形成时间推论,南天山碰撞造山作用起始于二叠纪末,结束于三叠纪末;侏罗纪—白垩纪中期为造山后应力松弛构造演化阶段。

塔里木盆地西北缘沙井子构造带断裂构造分析

沙井子构造带位于塔里木盆地西北缘,是分隔阿瓦提凹陷和温宿凸起的边界断裂。它是塔里木盆地研究最薄弱的大型断裂构造带之一。根据系统、精细的地震资料解释,沙井子构造带存在3套断裂体系:深部楔状冲断构造、狭义沙井子断裂和浅部的伸张构造。深部楔状冲断构造形成于志留纪—泥盆纪,由北西倾向的主冲断层和南东倾向的反冲断层形成构造楔;构造楔主要由前寒武纪变质岩组成,冲断前锋楔入于寒武系中部,造成上覆地层向温宿凸起方向的急剧抬升。狭义的沙井子断裂,即通常所说的沙井子断裂,为一条高角度基底卷入型挤压走滑断裂,形成于二叠纪末—三叠纪初,错断了早期的深部冲断楔。浅部的伸展构造形成于第四纪早-中期,为一系列较小规模的正断层,沿狭义沙井子断裂呈右步雁列状排列,构成左行剪切张扭性断裂带。深部的楔状冲断构造和浅部的伸展构造是本次研究的新发现。

龙门山山前复杂构造带双鱼石构造栖霞组超深层整装大气田的形成

以往在四川盆地西北部龙门山山前复杂构造带以冲断推覆带的勘探为主且主要集中在中深层,近期该区中二叠统天然气勘探取得重大突破,发现了双鱼石构造栖霞组超深层整装大气田,并且揭示出一个油气规模成藏的勘探新领域——冲断掩伏带与前缘背冲带原地构造超深层。为了给下一步油气勘探部署提供依据和参考,基于对生储盖组合以及圈闭等油气成藏要素的分析,总结了双鱼石构造栖霞组气藏的形成机制与模式。研究结果表明:(1)该区栖霞组储层受台地边缘滩微相的控制,叠合早成岩期岩溶与白云石化作用改造,形成以溶蚀晶间孔为主要储集空间的孔隙型储层;(2)栖霞组气藏天然气的来源包括下寒武统筇竹寺组泥页岩和中二叠统栖霞组、茅口组泥灰岩,该区规模发育下寒武统与中二叠统优质烃源岩,为气藏形成提供了充足的气源;(3)栖霞组储层与寒武系、二叠系烃源岩组成“下生上储”和“自生自储”的近源高效源储组合,烃源断层有效沟通源岩和储层,其上发育茅口组泥灰岩直接盖层和三叠系膏岩区域盖层,生、储、盖组合良好;(4)受龙门山推覆构造挤压作用以及双滑脱层夹持的影响,双鱼石构造栖霞组以层内原地背冲背斜构造为特征,与晶粒白云岩共同作用并形成了构造—岩性复合圈闭,不同构造高带上的钻井属于同一个压力系统,展现出整装气藏的特征,含气面积合计达到1900 km2。结论认为,较之于冲断推覆带,原地构造超深层构造变形弱,断层在沟通下部烃源岩的同时又未破坏圈闭的封盖性,油气早期成藏后得以稳定保存至今,这是双鱼石构造栖霞组天然气能够规模成藏的关键。