Preliminary research and scheme design of deep underground in situ geo-information detection experiment for Geology in Time

The deep earth,deep sea,and deep space are the main parts of the national“three deep”strategy,which is in the forefront of the strategic deployment clearly defined in China’s 14th Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035.It is important to reveal the evolutionary process and mechanism of deep tectonics to understand the earth’s past,present and future.The academic con-notation of Geology in Time has been given for the first time,which refers to the multi-field evolution response process of geological bodies at different time and spatial scales caused by geological processes inside and outside the Earth.Based on the deep in situ detection space and the unique geological envi-ronment of China Jinping Underground Laboratory,the scientific issue of the correlation mechanism and law between deep internal time-varying and shallow geological response is given attention.Innovative research and frontier exploration on deep underground in situ geo-information detection experiments for Geology in Time are designed to be carried out,which will have the potential to explore the driving force of Geology in Time,reveal essential laws of deep earth science,and explore innovative technologies in deep underground engineering.

Dispersion Relations in Diffraction in Time

In agreement with Titchmarsh’s theorem, we prove that dispersion relations are just the Fourier-transform of the identity, g(x′)=±Sgn(x′)g(x′), which defines the property of being a truncated functions at the origin. On the other hand, we prove that the wave-function of a generalized diffraction in time problem is just the Fourier-transform of a truncated function. Consequently, the existence of dispersion relations for the diffraction in time wave-function follows. We derive these explicit dispersion relations.

A Basis for Causal Scattering Waves, Relativistic Diffraction in Time Functions

Relativistic diffraction in time wave functions can be used as a basis for causal scattering waves. We derive such exact wave function for a beam of Dirac and Klein-Gordon particles. The transient Dirac spinors are expressed in terms of integral defined functions which are the relativistic equivalent of the Fresnel integrals. When plotted versus time the exact relativistic densities show transient oscillations which resemble a diffraction pattern. The Dirac and Klein-Gordon time oscillations look different, hence relativistic diffraction in time depends strongly on the particle spin.

CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREMS FOR A BRANCHING RANDOM WALK WITH A RANDOM ENVIRONMENT IN TIME

We consider a branching random walk with a random environment m time, in which the offspring distribution of a particle of generation n and the distribution of the displacements of its children depend on an environment indexed by the time n. The envi- ronment is supposed to be independent and identically distributed. For A C R, let Zn（A） be the number of particles of generation n located in A. We show central limit theorems for the counting measure Zn （-） with appropriate normalization.

Dirac Quantum Beats in Extreme Relativistic Diffraction in Time

We solve the relativistic Dirac equation for the shutter problem. We prove that, at intermediate relativistic energies, the probability density oscillates in time in a similar way to the optical Fresnel oscillations in a straight edge. However, for extreme-relativistic beams, the Fresnel oscillations turn into quantum damped beats.

Global Existence,Asymptotic Behavior and Uniform Attractors for a Third Order in Time Dynamics

In this paper, a third order（in time） partial differential equation in R^n is con-sidered. By using semigroup method and constructing Lyapunov function, we establish the global existence, asymptotic behavior and uniform attractors in nonhomogeneous case. In addition, we also obtain the results of well-uosedness in semilinear case.

Narrative Judgments and Its Ethical Implication in Ian McEwan＇s The Child in Time

As a newly developed theory, narrative ethics has its reasonability and advantages in that it can not only analyze either the contents or the forms of the texts, but also make an analysis of the combination of both contents and forms. This article, supported by James Phelan＇s rhetorical narrative theory as the theoretical base, attempts to explore and interpret narrative judgments and its implied ethics existing in The Child in Time by Ian McEwan so as to observe the hidden aesthetic orientation, the value judgments and the ethical intentions of the text and help to reveal the author＇s views of narrative ethics and aesthetics of the novel.

Transient Quantum Beat Oscillations in Extreme-Relativistic Diffraction in Time

In the solution of the Klein-Gordon equation for the shutter problem, we prove that, at internuclear distances, a relativistic beam of Pi-mesons has a probability density which oscillates in time in a similar way to the spatial dependence in optical Fresnel diffraction from a straight edge. However, for an extreme-relativistic beam, the Fresnel oscillations turn into quantum damped beat oscillations. We prove that quantum beat oscillations are the consequence, at extreme-relativistic velocities, of the interference between the initial incident wave function, and the Green’s function in the relativistic shutter problem. This is a pure quantum relativistic phenomenon.

THE REAL IN TIME CT MONITORING OF THE MESO-DAMAGE EVOLUTION LAW OF SANDSTONE UNDER TRIAXIAL COMPRESSION

The real in time computerized tomography (CT) testing of the meso damage propagation law of the whole sandstone failure process under triaxial compression has been completed using the newest specified triaxial loading equipment corresponding to the CT machine. Through the CT scanning, the clear CT images which include from the microcracks compressed stage to growth stage, bifurcation stage, development stage, crack fracture stage,the rock sample failure until to unloading stage in the different stress states were obtained. The CT values, CT images and the other data have been analyzed. Based on the results of the CT testing of meso damage evolution law of rock,the stress threshold value of meso damage of rock is given, and the stress strain complete process curve of rock is divided into some sections. The initial rock damage propagation law is given in this paper.

Support vector regression modeling in recursive just-in-time learning framework for adaptive soft sensing of naphtha boiling point in crude distillation unit

Prediction of primary quality variables in real time with adaptation capability for varying process conditions is a critical task in process industries.This article focuses on the development of non-linear adaptive soft sensors for prediction of naphtha initial boiling point(IBP)and end boiling point(EBP)in crude distillation unit.In this work,adaptive inferential sensors with linear and non-linear local models are reported based on recursive just in time learning(JITL)approach.The different types of local models designed are locally weighted regression(LWR),multiple linear regression(MLR),partial least squares regression(PLS)and support vector regression(SVR).In addition to model development,the effect of relevant dataset size on model prediction accuracy and model computation time is also investigated.Results show that the JITL model based on support vector regression with iterative single data algorithm optimization(ISDA)local model(JITL-SVR:ISDA)yielded best prediction accuracy in reasonable computation time.

Modeling of time dependent subsidence for coal and ore deposits

Coal and ore underground mining generates subsidence and deformation of the land surface. Those defor- mations may cause damage to buildings and infrastructures. The environmental impact of subsidence will not be accepted in the future by the society in many countries. Especially acceptance of the ground deformations decreases every year there, where the mining regions are densely urbanized, the The only solution is to limit the subsidence or its impact on the infrastructure. The first is not rentable for the mining industry, the second depends on the precise subsidence prediction and good preventing management involved in the mining areas. The precision of the subsidence prediction depends strictly on the mathematical model of the deformation phenomenon and on the uncertainty of the input data. The subsidence prediction in the geological conditions of the raw materials used to be made on the basis of numerical modeling or the stochastic models. A modified solution of the stochastic model by Knothe will be presented in the paper. The author focuses on the precise description of the deposit shape and on the time dependent displacements of the rock mass. A two parameters＇ time function has been introduced in the algorithm.

Parareal in Time Simulation of Morphological Transformation in Cubic Alloys with Spatially Dependent Composition

In this paper,a reducedmorphological transformation model with spatially dependent composition and elastic modulus is considered.The parareal in time algorithm introduced by Lions et al.is developed for longer-time simulation.The fine solver is based on a second-order scheme in reciprocal space,and the coarse solver is based on a multi-model backward Euler scheme,which is fast and less expensive.Numerical simulations concerning the composition with a randomnoise and a discontinuous curve are performed.Some microstructure characteristics at very low temperature are obtained by a variable temperature technique.

Application of adaptive filter in time delay estimation——generalized quadratic interpolation method

The time delay estimation (TDE) of two different received signals from the same source has attracted many interests of researchers in the field of signal processing. A method described for precisely estimating time delay in this paper is based on the assumption that little priori knowledge on statistical characteristics is available for the received signals. The variance of the estimate is derived . The basic architecture of this method is to use the adaptive noise canceller, in the steady state , and to interpolate the weight coefficients by using a generalized quadratic interpolation matrix. The formula of the time delay estimation is presented . The method proposed by F.A. Reed is a special case of this method . The hardware implementation is much easier than that of the conventional time delay estimation method . The results of the system simulation and the experimental results at sea show a good agreement with the theoretical analysis.

THE REDUCED BASIS TECHNIQUE AS A COARSE SOLVER FOR PARAREAL IN TIME SIMULATIONS

In this paper, we extend the reduced basis methods for parameter dependent problems to the parareal in time algorithm introduced by Lions et al. [12] and solve a nonlinear evolutionary parabolic partial differential equation. The fine solver is based on the finite element method or spectral element method in space and a semi-implicit Runge-Kutta scheme in time. The coarse solver is based on a semi-implicit scheme in time and the reduced basis approximation in space. Of[line-online procedures are developed, and it is proved that the computational complexity of the on-line stage depends only on the dimension of the reduced basis space （typically small）. Parareal in time algorithms based on a multi-grids finite element method and a multi-degrees finite element method are also presented. Some numerical results are reported.

Continuous Dependence on the Initial-time Geometry for a Parabolic Equation from Dynamo Theory with Different Prescribed Data

In this paper, we derive the continuous dependence on the initial-time geometry for the solution of a parabolic equation from dynamo theory. The forward in time problem and backward in time problem are considered. An explicit continuous dependence inequality is obtained even with different prescribed data.

Restoration of Time-Spatial Scales in Global Temperature Data

The objective of this paper is to utilize images of spatial and temporal fluctuations of temperature over the Earth to study the global climate variation. We illustrated that monthly temperature observations from weather stations could be decomposed as components with different time scales based on their spectral distribution. Kolmogorov-Zurbenko (KZ) filters were applied to smooth and interpolate gridded temperature data to construct global maps for long-term (≥ 6 years) trends and El Nino-like (2 to 5 years) movements over the time period of 1893 to 2008. Annual temperature seasonality, latitude and altitude effects have been carefully accounted for to capture meaningful spatiotemporal patterns of climate variability. The result revealed striking facts about global temperature anomalies for specific regions. Correlation analysis and the movie of thermal maps for El Nino-like component clearly supported the existence of such climate fluctuations in time and space.

EATERY TAKES CLIENTS BACK IN TIME

LOCATED at the corner of Yong’an Street near Tianqiao in south Beijing is an exquisite three-storey white building with upturned eaves, a plain but graceful facade with a hint of the antique. As patrons enter and climb the stairs they catch sight of framed paintings that line the walls along the staircase

Stepping Back in Time in Xi'an

AS a metropolitan resident who is used to seeing towering buildings, an incessant stream of vehicles and people, I’ve always longed to have a taste of an ancient civilization, which is vigorous but exquisite, bold but elegant, natural but mysterious. I realized my dream when I went to Xi’an, a capital with a history of over 1,000 years. Xi’an was once the capital for eleven dynasties, including the Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang. This is the place where China’s ancient civilization developed. Ancestors at Banpo created exquisite painted pottery; the Western Zhou Dynasty (about 1,066-771 B.C.) saw the height of the splendors of the bronze culture; the Qin Emperor Shi Huang (Qin Dynasty, from about 221-206 B.C.)

Enhanced Wideband Frequency Estimation via FFT: Leveraging Polynomial Interpolation and Array Indexing

Accurate frequency estimation in a wideband digital receiver using the FFT algorithm encounters challenges, such as spectral leakage resulting from the FFT’s assumption of signal periodicity. High-resolution FFTs pose computational demands, and estimating non-integer multiples of frequency resolution proves exceptionally challenging. This paper introduces two novel methods for enhanced frequency precision: polynomial interpolation and array indexing, comparing their results with super-resolution and scalloping loss. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods in contemporary radar systems, with array indexing providing the best frequency estimation despite utilizing maximum hardware resources. The paper demonstrates a trade-off between accurate frequency estimation and hardware resources when comparing polynomial interpolation and array indexing.

GPS/INS组合导航系统时间同步系统设计

为了说明高动态环境中时间同步对于组合导航系统的重要性,在Kalman滤波方程的基础上,推导了时间同步误差与Kalman滤波结果之间的定性关系。提出一种利用GPS接收机中1PPS(Pulse Per Second)信号作为同步标签的时间同步方法,将IMU中的数据加上精确的时间标签,从而达到时间同步的目的。全部时间同步功能由FPGA实现,利用Verilog HDL语言进行开发,整体硬件结构简单而且适用范围广。试验结果显示了这种时间同步设计可以明显减小滤波结果的估计误差,有效的提高了组合导航系统的定位精度。