Effects of Planting Mode on Growth, Yield and Quality of Mini-watermelon under Soilless Cultivation

[Objective]The paper was to screen out planting mode suitable for mini-watermelon in spring greenhouses under soilless cultivation.[Method]The effects of single row planting with one main vine and one lateral vein,double row planting with one main vine and one lateral vein,and double row planting with two lateral veins on the growth period,growth,fruit quality and yield of mini-watermelon were studied.[Result]The planting mode of single row planting with one main vine and one lateral vein was adopted.The earliest date of harvest was May 28;the fruit-setting rate was 106.3%;and the single fruit weight was 1.33 kg.The lowest abnormal fruit rate was 0.73%;the highest yield was 54465.45 kg/hm^2,and the central sugar content was the highest of 12.95%.[Conclusion]Single row planting mode under soilless cultivation has certain demonstration and popularization prospect.

Industrial Poverty Alleviation Model in Deep Poverty-stricken Villages in the Dry-hot Valley of Jinsha River: A Case Study of Poverty Alleviation in the Green Prickleyash Planting Industry in Laopingzi Village,Luquan County

Industrial poverty alleviation is the core of poverty alleviation in rural areas of China,and it is the fundamental way for the rural poor to achieve stable income and poverty alleviation. Laopingzi Village,Jiaopingdu Town,Luquan County,Kunming County,Yunnan Province,located in the dry-hot valley area of Jinsha River,has become a typical deep poverty-stricken village due to its special natural conditions.In recent years,in the battle to win the fight against poverty,the people of Laopingzi Village have achieved a virtuous cycle of the ecological environment and an access to get rid of poverty and get rich through vigorously developing green prickleyash planting industry. By the end of 2018,the incidence of poverty in Laopingzi Village Committee dropped from 45. 62% in 2014 to 1. 11%,and the green prickleyash planting industry had achieved remarkable results in poverty alleviation. This article summarizes the specific practices of developing the green prickleyash planting industry in the village,analyzes the main results and successful experiences of the mode and discusses the inspiration of the implementation of green prickleyash cultivation on industrial poverty alleviation,so as to provide an effective practical example for the development and poverty alleviation of poverty-stricken areas.

Increasing the Efficiency and Level of Environmental Safety of Pro-Environmental City Heat Supply Technologies by Low Power Nuclear Plants

In connection with the current prospect of decarbonization of coal energy through the use of small nuclear power plants (SNPPs) at existing TPPs as heat sources for heat supply to municipal heating networks, there is a technological need to improve heat supply schemes to increase their environmental friendliness and efficiency. The paper proves the feasibility of using the heat-feeding mode of ASHPs for urban heat supply by heating the network water with steam taken from the turbine. The ratio of electric and thermal power of a “nuclear” combined heat and power plant is given. The advantage of using a heat pump, which provides twice as much electrical power with the same heat output, is established. Taking into account that heat in these modes is supplied with different potential, the energy efficiency was used to compare these options. To increase the heat supply capacity, a scheme with the use of a high-pressure heater in the backpressure mode and with the heating of network water with hot steam was proposed. Heat supply from ASHPs is efficient and environmentally friendly even in the case of significant remoteness of heat consumers.

Poverty Alleviation Mode by Developing Sorghum Planting Industry in Dry-hot Valley Areas of Jinsha River in China:Taking Luquan Yi and Miao Autonomous County of Yunnan Province as an Example

There are many state-level poverty-stricken counties in the dry-hot valley areas of Jinsha River in China,with a wide range of poverty and extreme degree of poverty.The industry-supporting poverty alleviation ranks first in the"five batches"of China's targeted poverty alleviation strategy.The practice of planting in Luquan County since 2017 shows that the valleys and slopes on the dry-hot valley areas of Jinsha River with an altitude above 1800 m have wide land suitable for sorghum planting,and suitable for introduction and planting.In recent years,the county has adopted the mode of enterprise+government+cooperative+poor household,introduced the Langzhitang wine factory,developed sorghum planting with large-scale,industrialized and specialized features to achieve stable income growth for the poor,and significant results have been achieved.Based on many field surveys,household surveys,and interviews with county and village leaders,this paper analyzes the specific practices and main effects of the county's poverty alleviation model by developing sorghum planting industry,aiming to provide necessary reference for the targeted poverty alleviation and poverty alleviation in similar areas of Yunnan Province and other provinces.

Study on integrated development and hybrid operation mode of nuclear power plant and pumped-storage power station

The nuclear power plant is suitable for base-load operation, while the pumped-storage unit mainly gives play to capacity benefit in the electric power system;hence, the integrated development and hybrid operation mode of the two can better meet the needs of the electric power system. This article first presents an analysis of the necessity and superiority of such mode, then explains its meaning and analyzes the working routes. Finally, it proposes the business modes as follows: low price pumping water electricity plus nuclear power in the near term;nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power participating in market competition in the middle term;and, in the long term, nuclear power shifted to pumped storage power as primary and serving as an electric power system when needed.

Nitrogen management improves lodging resistance and production in maize(Zea mays L.)at a high plant density

Lodging in maize leads to yield losses worldwide.In this study,we determined the effects of traditional and optimized nitrogen management strategies on culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,root growth,lodging percentage and production in maize at a high plant density.We compared a traditional nitrogen(N)application rate of 300 kg ha–1(R)and an optimized N application rate of 225 kg ha^(–1)(O)under four N application modes:50%of N applied at sowing and 50%at the 10th-leaf stage(N1);100%of N applied at sowing(N2);40%of N applied at sowing,40%at the 10th-leaf stage and 20%at tasseling stage(N3);and 30%of N applied at sowing,30%at the 10th-leaf stage,20%at the tasseling stage,and 20%at the silking stage(N4).The optimized N rate(225 kg ha^(–1))significantly reduced internode lengths,plant height,ear height,center of gravity height and lodging percentage.The optimized N rate significantly increased internode diameters,filling degrees,culm mechanical strength,root growth and lignin content.The application of N in four split doses(N4)significantly improved culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,and root growth,while it reduced internode lengths,plant height,ear height,center of gravity height and lodging percentage.Internode diameters,filling degrees,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,number and diameter of brace roots,root volume,root dry weight,bleeding safe and grain yield were significantly negatively correlated with plant height,ear height,center of gravity height,internode lengths and lodging percentage.In conclusion,treatment ON4 significantly reduced the lodging percentage by improving the culm morphological characteristics,culm mechanical strength,lignin content,and root growth,so it improved the production of the maize crop at a high plant density.

Discussion on the Informative Teaching Mode of the Elective Course of Packaging Design for Medical Plant Products

This article believes that in the context of the"Made in China 2025"development strategy,the teaching of the elective course of Packaging Design for Medicinal Plant Products is facing reform.It proposes to conduct research in five aspects:students'survey,classroom teaching reform,practical teaching reform,application of information technology and evaluation of teaching reform effects.Questionnaire survey,case analysis,group discussion and student test are used to discuss the informative teaching model,aiming to train application-oriented information-oriented professional senior talents in the direction of medicinal plant product packaging design.

基于“雨课堂”的植物生理学混合式教学设计与探索

随着多媒体工具和网络覆盖普及,基于互联网的在线教育愈加便捷,但其优势并未在高校的课程教学中得到体现和充分应用。该文针对植物生理学的学科特点和教学现状,充分利用线上教学资源,针对性地选择教学内容和方法,以学生为主体、教师为主导,基于“雨课堂”等教学平台进行线上线下混合式教学模式初探,以期利用有限的学时和丰富的线上教学资源,整合线上和线下教学的优势,通过有效的管理方式组织实施,为深化信息化教学改革、提高植物生理学的教学效果奠定基础。

水稻种植模式与秸秆还田方式对土壤养分的影响

为探明水稻不同种植模式与还田方式下土壤养分含量的变化。以辽星21号为试验材料,在大田条件下,比较移栽与直播种植2种模式下秸秆还田、炭化还田和不还田3种方式土壤中有机碳、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾含量的差异。研究结果表明,直播种植模式较移栽方式土壤速效磷含量、速效钾含量和全磷含量增加0.9%、5.4%和7.1%,生物炭还田较不还田处理分别显著增加土壤有机碳含量、速效钾含量、全氮含量和全磷含量9.6%、20.1%、5.3%和8.1%。因此,直播种植结合生物炭还田可作为提高农田肥力、改善土壤养分的一项促进北方寒地稻田资源再利用有效措施。

八种植物提取物对MODE-K细胞抗氧化能力的影响

该试验旨在评价基于脂多糖(LPS)诱导MODE-K细胞氧化应激模型评价8种植物提取物的抗氧化能力。采用CCK8法检测细胞存活率筛选建模条件。用ELISA法检测细胞炎性因子白介素6(IL-6)、活性氧(ROS)水平、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)和还原型辅酶Ⅰ(NADH)的表达量,用qPCR法检测细胞中HO-1 mRNA的表达量。结果显示:与对照组相比,40μg/mL的LPS处理细胞1 h后极显著降低细胞活率(P<0.01);显著提高IL-6、ROS、LDH、MDA表达量(P<0.05),极显著提高HO-1 mRNA的表达(P<0.01),显著降低SOD(P<0.01)与NADH活性(P<0.05);与模型组相比,紫苏籽与虎杖提取物组的MDA表达量均显著降低(P<0.05),NADH与HO-1 mRNA表达量均显著升高(P<0.05),其余6种提取物并未表现出显著差异。综上,8种植物提取物中,紫苏籽与虎杖提取物(20μg/mL)使MODE-K细胞抗氧化作用提升,且紫苏籽效果优于虎杖。

中药材种业创新与金融投资——中药材种业发展基金的设立与思考

中药材种业是我国中医药现代化的基础性核心产业之一,具有产业规模小、行业效益较低、公益性强等特殊的行业属性。近10年来,中药材种业在品种选育、标准制定、合规企业建设等方面均取得显著成果,初步形成了中药材商品种子,但其产业发展水平仍落后于农作物种业30年以上。目前,我国以银行为主的金融体系难以为种业创新提供金融支持,为了加快推进中药材种业创新发展,推动解决其结构分散、市场集中度低、创新能力不足等问题,提出参考现代种业发展基金的模式设立中药材种业发展投资基金,以期发挥政策性基金的优势,重构我国中药材种业金融创新体系,赋能中药材种业发展。

桂南不同造林模式对植物物种组成和多样性特征的影响

[目的]摸清不同造林模式林下植物多样性特征及变化规律,为探寻科学、合理的人工林种植模式提供理论依据。[方法]以广西藤县3种常见造林模式林(纯林、混交林、人工-天然混交林)为研究对象,采用典型取样法,对林下灌木层、草本层从植物种类、物种多样性指数和相似性关系等方面进行分析。[结果]纯林、混交林和人工-天然混交林灌木层和草本层的物种数分别为33、36、29种和32、29、9种。3种造林模式灌木层优势植物种为玉叶金花和地稔,混交林和人工-天然混交林草本层优势种为铁芒萁,求米草为纯林优势种。灌木层物种多样性指数均以人工-天然混交林最高,纯林最低,除均匀度指数外,Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和丰富度指数在人工-天然混交林和纯林间存在显著差异(P<0.05),草本层物种多样性在不同造林模式间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。灌木层、草本层物种相似性系数均普遍较低。[结论]混交林和人工-天然混交林物种多样性高,是未来林地经营培育的方向。

剪法及温湿度对钙果4号试管苗增殖效应的影响

钙果4号试管苗在同一配方培养基继代多次后容易出现种苗老化现象。利用钙果4号试管苗茎切段腋芽萌发成梢的特性,剪掉苗木中上部茎段,对剩留的剪切苗进行保护处理,剪切时注意从基部往上最多预留2个腋芽,然后放置于湿度为65%~73%、温度为29±1℃的环境下继代培养。结果显示,腋芽可萌发出2.8个嫩梢,嫩梢长度约为4.69 cm,嫩梢上着生叶片的叶面积、叶绿素含量、比叶重等指标良好,无黄化、老化现象。结果表明,通过调整剪切方式、温湿度等因素,可减缓种苗老化,为下次继代培养提供合格材料。

坚持“四水四定”推动经济社会高质量发展——以宁夏回族自治区“四水四定”创新实践为例

坚持“四水四定”,强化水资源刚性约束,既是缓解我国水资源供需矛盾、保障水安全的必然选择,也是推动高质量发展、建设美丽中国的客观要求。文章以宁夏回族自治区为例,深入分析了宁夏回族自治区“四水四定”改革实践,总结了相关经验启示,为探索以水资源节约集约利用推动经济社会高质量发展提供了参考。

强筋小麦群体结构、光能利用及籽粒产量对种植密度与追氮模式的响应

为探索强筋小麦高产高效的种植密度及追氮模式,以强筋小麦品种师栾02-1为供试材料,采用裂区试验,种植密度为主区(设置180万、240万、300万、360万和420万株·hm^(-2)五个密度水平),追氮模式为副区(设置拔节期单追、拔节期+开花期分追两种模式),分析了氮密互作对强筋小麦群体大小、光能利用及产量的影响。结果表明,随种植密度的增加,小麦拔节期植被指数和总茎数逐渐提高,花后21 d各层次光合有效辐射透射率则不断降低;在300万~360万株·hm^(-2)密度基础上增加或降低种植密度对开花期总茎数、花后28 d植被指数、灌浆中后期旗叶净光合速率以及籽粒产量均无显著提升效果。与拔节期+开花期分追相比,拔节期单追氮肥有利于提高小麦拔节期植被指数、开花期总茎数、花后21~28 d的旗叶净光合速率、穗数和籽粒产量。与追氮模式和氮密互作相比,种植密度是调控强筋小麦师栾02-1群体结构、光能利用及籽粒产量的最主要栽培因素。合理密植配合拔节期单追氮肥具有协同提高强筋小麦籽粒产量和光能利用的潜力。本试验条件下,种植密度为300万~360万株·hm^(-2)配合拔节期追氮是强筋小麦师栾02-1获得、高产高效的最优模式。

土壤微生物对种植模式的响应——基于CiteSpace的文献计量分析

土壤微生物群落对生态系统的具有重要影响。为了解国内外不同种植模式对土壤微生物的影响,了解其特征、前沿、热点及其变化趋势,利用CiteSpace文献可视化软件,调查2002—2022年发表的2123篇研究论文,旨在分析不同种植模式对土壤微生物的影响。从国家、机构、作者、期刊、共被引文献和关键词等方面进行可视化分析,以研究该领域的热点和发展趋势。研究结果显示,2002—2022年关于不同种植模式对土壤微生物影响的文献总体呈上升趋势。在各国发文量方面,中国和美国的发文量处于领先地位,其中美国的发文量为484篇,占总发文量的22.79%,居首位。中国紧随其后,发文量为431篇,占比20.30%,中美两国之间交流频繁;中国科学院虽然首发年限较晚,但在该研究领域方面地位较高;中国研究人员的发文量占比很大,但和其他国家学者的合作交流较少;研究集中于生物与生化、物理学、农学等综合领域,研究内容呈现出跨学科融合的趋势。基于高通量测序的土壤微生物宏基因组研究是未来土壤微生物对种植模式响应中的重要问题。当前的研究热点主要包括模式、群落、根际、碳和氮等方面的相关问题。未来发展的领域可能是抗病性、腐烂、生物地理学等方面。

红蓝光补光对设施番茄生长发育及荧光特性的影响

在全人工光型植物工厂中以番茄品种′MicroTom′为试材,采用供光模式可调的LED灯为光源,以LED纯白光为对照,分别采取纯红光、纯蓝光、红蓝混合光、红蓝交替光的不同供光模式的红、蓝光作为补充光,探究不同补光模式对设施番茄生长发育及荧光特性的影响。结果表明:(1)所有处理下番茄植株生长指标和果实重量均有一定程度提高,补光对叶绿素荧光的动态变化影响显著,纯红光补光对番茄植株的株高、茎粗、叶面积和产量的增加影响最大,红蓝光1h或6h间隔交替补光显著促进了叶绿素含量的增加和PSII光合性能的提高。(2)在番茄营养生长期,纯红光补光处理下番茄株高的相对生长率和绝对生长率分别较对照增加106.8%和60%,茎粗相对生长率和绝对生长率分别较对照增加50%和80%。播种后44d,纯红光补光处理下番茄植株叶面积较对照增加92.1%。(3)在番茄生殖生长期,与对照相比,播种后83d纯红光补光处理下番茄植株坐果数增加73.6%,番茄果实的横、纵径和体积分别增加34.4%、35.3%和129.6%。(4)与对照相比,播种后44d红蓝光以1h或6h间隔交替补光处理下番茄叶片叶绿素含量分别增加30.3%和31.8%。播种后83d红蓝光以1h或6h间隔交替补光处理后番茄植株的性能指数(PIABS)分别较对照提高100%和30%,红蓝光以1h或6h间隔交替补光处理后PSII的电子传递效率(ETo/CS)分别较对照增加16%、23%。综上,纯红光补光可有效促进设施番茄的生长发育,以1h或6h间隔交替红蓝补光显著影响番茄荧光特性。未来可根据不同生产目标,选择最适合的补光模式。

非连续光对无土栽培番茄苗期无机元素吸收的影响

本研究在人工光型植物工厂中采用岩棉种植番茄植株,分析了在总光量一致的基础上红光背景下蓝光补充介入和蓝光取代介入两种非连续供光模式对番茄植株营养液无机元素吸收及叶片色素光谱参量的影响。结果表明,与连续红光相比,蓝光以不同方式介入均降低了番茄叶片中K元素含量而提高了茎中K元素含量,蓝光介入一定程度上抑制了番茄K元素由茎向叶片的运输;蓝光以不同方式介入均提高了番茄地上部中Mg含量(增幅8.93%~13.63%),而降低了地上部Fe含量(降幅28%~48%)及Mn含量(降幅3.93%~21.24%)。其中蓝光补充介入模式下番茄叶片中Mg元素含量随着蓝光补充强度的升高而增加,叶片Mg含量在蓝光取代介入模式下高于蓝光补充介入模式而地上部Fe含量趋势则相反,蓝光取代介入的非连续光模式较蓝光补充介入模式而言更有利于刺激叶片中Mg的积累而抑制地上部Fe的积累。与连续红光相比,蓝光以不同方式介入后番茄叶片色素光谱参量Hue值(色相角)和MCARI值(修正叶绿素吸收比指数)均有所提高,相反,Red/Green值(红绿区域光谱反射比)均有所降低,蓝光补充介入模式下叶片Hue值和MCARI值随蓝光补充强度的升高而增大,R/RB_(80)处理下Hue、MCARI值最高,较对照分别提高4%、124%;蓝光取代模式下Hue值和MCARI值随蓝光间歇时间的延长先增大后减小,R/RB_((1h))处理下Hue、MCARI值最高,较对照分别提高6%、215%。番茄叶片在绿光波段的反射率与各处理下Hue、MCARI值变化趋势接近,而番茄叶片中Mg元素含量与叶绿素光谱参量呈正相关性。蓝光取代介入的非连续光模式较蓝光补充介入模式而言更有利于刺激叶片类胡萝卜素分解和叶绿素积累,非连续供光模式通过调控番茄植株无机元素的吸收进而作用于叶片色素的形成。本研究为无土栽培番茄光环境调控提供了理论依据。

基于层次分析法的建筑再生骨料人工湿地植物评价模型构建与应用

研究以混合建筑再生骨料、红砖和砾石为填料,菖蒲、香蒲、鸢尾、芦苇、美人蕉、再力花、风车草为供试植物,利用层次分析法,构建了基于植物生长特性、生理特性、水质净化效果和经济成本为准则层的人工湿地植物评价体系。结果表明,对4个准则层进行排序为水质净化效果(0.6144)>生长特性(0.1727)>经济成本(0.1187)>生理特性(0.0942);在净化效果中,4个因子的权重排序为TN(0.3050)=TP(0.3050)>氨氮(0.2769)>COD_(Cr)(0.1131)。生长特性中风车草得分最高(0.585),鸢尾得分最低(0.229);生理特性中芦苇得分最高(0.410),鸢尾得分最低(0);净化效果中风车草得分最高(2.858),菖蒲和再力花得分最低(1.361)。根据该评价体系,7种植物的综合排序依次为风车草、香蒲、芦苇、美人蕉、鸢尾、菖蒲、再力花。为充分发挥植物在湿地中的作用,可选取综合排序前3的植物用于影响因素的研究。