Analysis of Stress Concentration Factors due to in-Plane Bending and out-of-Plane Bending Loads on Tubular TY-Joints of Offshore Structures

The aim of this work is to study the stress distributions and the location of hot spots stress in the vicinity of the intersection lines of the tubular elements of the tubular TY-joints.Using the finite element models,we analyze the effects of geometrical parameters on the stress concentration factor in the case of in-plane bending and out-of-plane bending loads,around the weld toe of the tubular joints.Our results reveal the location of the maximum stress concentration factor at the heel or toe in the case of in-plane bending loads and at the saddle point in the case of out-of-plane bending loads.Six parametric equations are established and used to calculate the stress concentration factor at critical locations using the non-linear regression method.The results obtained from the finite element analysis are close to the results of the parametric equations and the experimental data from the previous work.

Flexural behavior of in-plane bending glass structures for design method

Experimental study was carried out on the in-plane bending behavior of glass plates without lateral supports, and the effects of the factors, such as height-to-span ratio, on the stability of glass panels were studied. Results show that the in-plane bending glass plates with both ends simply supported and their upper edge free lose overall stability under loads, which belongs to the limit-point type of instability. It is found that the buckling load increases linearly with the increase of height-to-span ratio of the glass plates. The lateral stress of in-plane bending glass plates without lateral supports increases linearly under loads; while the large-area stress increases nonlinearly and the lateral stress is not the controlling factor of instability. In finite element analysis, the first buckling mode is regarded as the initial imperfection and imposed on the model as 1/1000 of the span of the components. The numerical buckling load according to the theory of large deflection is less than the experiment result, which is more conservative and can provide some reference for design. For the design method, when the in-plane load is imposed on the glass plate, its lateral strength and the deflection should be verified. Considering the stability of the in-plane bending glass plate without reliable lateral support, buckling is another possible failure mode and calls for verification.

Bending Resistance Covalent Organic Framework Superlattice:“Nano‑Hourglass”‑Induced Charge Accumulation for Flexible In‑Plane Micro‑Supercapacitors

Covalent organic framework(COF)film with highly exposed active sites is considered as the promising flexible selfsupported electrode for in-plane microsupercapacitor(MSC).Superlattice configuration assembled alternately by different nanofilms based on van der Waals force can integrate the advantages of each isolated layer to exhibit unexpected performances as MSC film electrodes,which may be a novel option to ensure energy output.Herein,a mesoporous free-standing A-COF nanofilm(pore size is 3.9 nm,averaged thickness is 4.1 nm)with imine bond linkage and a microporous B-COF nanofilm(pore size is 1.5 nm,averaged thickness is 9.3 nm)withβ-keto-enamine-linkages are prepared,and for the first time,we assembly the two lattice matching films into sandwich-type superlattices via layer-by-layer transfer,in which ABA–COF superlattice stacking into a“nano-hourglass”steric configuration that can accelerate the dynamic charge transportation/accumulation and promote the sufficient redox reactions to energy storage.The fabricated flexible MSC–ABA–COF exhibits the highest intrinsic CV of 927.9 F cm^(−3) at 10 mV s^(−1) than reported two-dimensional alloy,graphite-like carbon and undoped COF-based MSC devices so far,and shows a bending-resistant energy density of 63.2 mWh cm^(−3) even after high-angle and repeat arbitrary bending from 0 to 180°.This work provides a feasible way to meet the demand for future miniaturization and wearable electronics.

Shape Anisotropy and Resonance Mode Guided Reliable Interconnect Design for In-plane Magnetic Logic

Dipole coupled nanomagnets controlled by the static Zeeman field can form various magnetic logic interconnects.However, the corner wire interconnect is often unreliable and error-prone at room temperature. In this study, we address this problem by making it into a reliable type with trapezoid-shaped nanomagnets, the shape anisotropy of which helps to offer the robustness. The building method of the proposed corner wire interconnect is discussed,and both its static and dynamic magnetization properties are investigated. Static micromagnetic simulation demonstrates that it can work correctly and reliably. Dynamic response results are reached by imposing an ac microwave field on the proposed corner wire. It is found that strong ferromagnetic resonance absorption appears at a low frequency. With the help of a very small ac field with the peak resonance frequency, the required static Zeeman field to switch the corner wire is significantly decreased by ~21 m T. This novel interconnect would pave the way for the realization of reliable and low power nanomagnetic logic circuits.

Three-point bending behavior of aluminum foam sandwich with steel panel

Static three-point bending tests of aluminum foam sandwiches with glued steel panel were performed. The deformation and failure of sandwich structure with different thicknesses of panel and foam core were investigated. The results indicate that the maximum bending load increases with the thickness of both steel panel and foam core. The failure of sandwich can be ascribed to the crush and shear damage of foam core and the delamination of glued interface at a large bending load, The crack on the foam wall developed in the melting foam procedure is the major factor for the failure of foam core. The sandwich structure with thick foam core and thin steel panel has the optimal specific bending strength. The maximum bending load of that with 8 mm panel and 50 mm foam core is 66.06 kN.

Bending and Rolling Shear Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber Fabricated with Canadian Hemlock

In this paper,bending performance and rolling shear properties of crosslaminated timber(CLT)panels made from Canadian hemlock were investigated by varied approaches.Firstly,three groups of bending tests of three-layer CLT panels with different spans were carried out.Different failure modes were obtained:bending failure,rolling shear failure,bonding line failure,local failure of the outer layer and mixed failure mode.Deflection and strain measurements were employed to calculate the global and local modulus of elastic(MOE),compared with the theoretical value.In addition,a modified compression shear testing method was introduced to evaluate the rolling shear strength and modulus,compared with the results from strain measurements in bending shear tests.According to testing results,bonding line failure and rolling shear failure were dominant failure modes in bending tests,and the theoretical value of bending property was beyond the average level of the calculating results obtained from both deflection and strain measurements.In addition,the rolling shear strength and modulus obtained from compression shear tests were relatively smaller than those from bending tests.

THE FREE BENDING VIBRATION OF CYLINDRICAL TANK PARTIALLY FILLED WITH-LIQUID AND SUBMERGED IN WATER

This paper studies the free bending vibration of cylindrical tank partially filled with liquid and submerged in water. The depths of liquid and water may be completely arbitrary. The exact calculating formulae of mode shape functions and inherent frequencies are deduced. The results can be gained by means of computer. The analysis shows that the effect of liquid and water on vibration of cylindrical tank is respectively equivalent to a generalized distributive mass attached to the tank.

工艺孔对大截面部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁受弯性能影响的试验研究

为了研究工艺孔对大截面部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁(大截面PEC梁)受弯性能的影响,对5根不同构造的大截面PEC梁进行了静力试验,研究了两点加载下主次梁腹板开洞方式对大截面PEC梁试件受弯性能、延性、破坏模式等的影响规律。结果表明:静力荷载作用下,各个试件均表现出良好的延性,腹部开孔对试件承载力和截面刚度有一定的削弱作用。型钢主钢件的应变与混凝土的应变沿截面高度方向均大致呈线性变化,符合平截面假定。按《部分包覆钢-混凝土组合结构技术规程》(T/CECS 719—2020)计算得到的开工艺孔的大截面PEC梁抗弯承载力与试验值误差较小,受尺寸效应影响不大,所采用计算公式安全可靠。

局部半包裹部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁受弯性能试验研究

针对部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁柱节点区域后浇筑混凝土不易密实的问题,研究了受拉侧混凝土对局部半包裹部分包覆钢-混凝土组合梁(局部半包裹PEC梁)受弯性能的影响,进行了2根不同构造的局部半包裹PEC梁的四点弯曲试验,模拟局部半包裹PEC梁负弯矩区受力状态,对其受弯性能、延性、破坏形式等展开分析。结果表明:局部半包裹PEC梁表现出良好的延性,挠度达到l_(0)/50时截面抗弯承载力并未下降。型钢主钢件、混凝土的应变沿截面高度方向大致呈线性变化,可引用平截面假定计算受弯承载力及刚度。局部半包裹PEC梁受拉侧混凝土对其极限承载力与破坏模式影响不大,在计算局部半包裹PEC梁柱节点受力时可不考虑受拉侧混凝土作用,节点后浇筑区域可采用半包裹填充,以加快施工进度。此外,对局部半包裹PEC梁进行建模,进行梁受弯过程的有限元分析,对比模拟结果与试验结果,二者荷载-挠度曲线吻合较好,误差均在10%以内。

圆振荡激光束提高激光弯曲成形效率

激光弯曲成形技术常用的激光类型是点激光,在温度梯度机理的作用下单次成形角度有上限,在3°左右。为了增大点激光单次成形角度,提高成形效率,本文以不锈钢304板为对象,通过试验对比探索了将圆振荡模式应用于激光弯曲成形中以提高弯曲角方法的可行性;并且借助于三维视觉传感器测量板件在圆振荡激光束弯曲成形过程中的动态响应,从余热效应、吸收率等角度分析其弯曲成形机理。对比试验结果显示,在激光能量密度较高的情况下,圆振荡模式确实可以明显提高工件的弯曲角,增长率在60%左右。同时,三维视觉传感器的测量结果显示出了板件在成形过程中的复杂形变与角度变化过程:板件在长度与宽度方向上均产生了塑性变形,长宽形变比约为10∶1;单次扫描成形板件弯曲角增长过程呈现不同的增长曲线;多次扫描成形弯曲角分布不均衡。此外,板件厚度也逐渐增加,热影响区微观晶粒得到细化。为进一步理解圆振荡激光束弯曲成形过程与机理提供了试验支撑。

碳纤维增强复合材料黏结型锚固体系弯拉性能试验研究

为了研究碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)黏结型锚固体系的弯拉性能,对设计的锚固体系试件进行了10组轴向拉伸试验与12组弯拉试验。在锚固体系优化基础上研究了CFRP筋直径、弯曲半径改变下试件的极限承载力、破坏模式、锚固效率及CFRP筋荷载‒应变关系。结果表明,锚固体系的弯拉承载力折减量系数随CFRP筋弯曲半径的增大而减小,CFRP筋直径越大试件承载力折减量系数越大,并且CFRP筋横向约束有利于弯拉极限承载力的提高。此外,CFRP筋荷载‒应变曲线的非线性变化是试件失效前的典型特征。弯曲半径和CFRP筋直径的比值与锚固效率系数为线性关系,比值在2.4‰以下时试件的弯拉锚固效率系数小于80%,试件呈不均匀断裂和剪切的破坏形式。

循环热力作用岩石I型断裂试验方法及其可行性研究

探明岩石在循环应力和循环温度作用后的断裂特性对于保障地下洞室压缩空气储能这一“双碳”工程的稳定性具有重要现实意义。提出了循环热力作用岩石I型断裂试验方法并对该试验方法的可行性进行了研究。为研究经循环应力和循环温度作用后的岩石受力变形特性和I型断裂特性,设计了相应的带裂缝岩石试件,并提出了相应的试验步骤;采用COMSOL Multiphysics软件对设计的试件进行升降温和单轴压缩试验模拟,采用相场断裂方法模拟三点弯梁断裂试验,获得相应热力响应和裂缝路径,论证试验方法的适用性与可行性。数值模拟结果表明,所提出的试验方法可获得与理论解误差极小的温度场、应力场和裂缝扩展路径,可只对一个试件进行试验而获得循环热力作用过程中的岩石受力变形特性以及循环后的I型断裂特性。

火灾后锈蚀混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

为研究既有锈蚀混凝土结构受火后的残余力学性能,设计并制作了9根钢筋混凝土梁,通过电化学加速锈蚀的方法获得不同锈蚀程度(目标锈蚀率为5%和15%)的混凝土梁,然后按照ISO834标准升温曲线进行不同受火时间(1 h和2 h)的火灾试验,最后对所有混凝土梁进行静力加载试验。结果表明:锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的破坏过程和模式与普通混凝土梁相似,表现为适筋弯曲破坏,相比普通梁,其荷载-挠度曲线会发生下移并表现出带裂缝工作阶段和破坏阶段特征,挠度变形也更大;对于经历不同受火时间的混凝土梁,钢筋锈蚀均明显降低其屈服荷载,但常温下钢筋锈蚀对混凝土梁极限荷载的影响相对较小,火灾作用明显降低混凝土梁的极限承载力;受火后微锈蚀梁的残余承载力变化规律与未锈蚀梁相似,钢筋锈蚀几乎不会削弱构件的抗弯承载力;对于严重锈蚀梁,由于锈蚀引起截面削弱以及锈胀裂缝的影响,锈蚀混凝土梁在火灾下经历的最高温度更高,火灾后其残余极限承载力加速下降,相同受火时间下锈蚀率为13.5%的混凝土梁残余极限承载力比锈蚀率为6.2%的混凝土梁下降15.9%。

液化场地单桩振动台响应试验研究

为探究场地液化对桩基础的危害,开展大尺寸振动台试验分析地震过程中孔压、桩与地基的沉降、加速度、桩弯矩及上部结构侧向位移等的响应规律。试验结果表明:1)地基的超孔压比迅速增大,砂土逐渐液化,液化导致桩体的加速度放大系数呈现减小趋势;2) 0.5g时上部结构的水平位移达到了桩径的33%,地震结束后上部结构的水平位移为桩径的156%,饱和砂土与非液化层交界面处桩体弯矩达到了桩头弯矩的106%;3)地震期间液化层与非液化层之间桩体弯矩产生突变,地震动结束后上部结构的水平位移不断增加,场地液化后的累积变形对结构稳定会产生严重影响。

基于正交异性等效的双向加筋板结构变形简化分析方法

[目的]随着船舶不断向大型化、复杂化发展,舱段级以上的船体结构有限元模型的网格数量将急剧增加,导致碰撞、冲击、接触等大型非线性力学问题均难以求解,故提出一种基于正交异性等效的双向加筋板结构变形简化方法。[方法]首先,将现行成熟的单向加筋板平面应力简化方法推广至更复杂的双向加筋板平面弯曲问题,并引入正交方向上加筋板总惯性矩与板的惯性矩之比来反映结构的正交异性;然后,将惯性矩比值代入推广所得的加筋板等效平面弯曲本构方程,以实现材料正交异性的转化,从而在力学层面上兼顾结构的抗变形能力和中性轴移轴产生中面力的影响;最后,利用有限元计算,根据不同的位移分布对四边固支加筋板的变形模式进行分类,并将加筋板实际结果与该方法及传统方法的等效结果进行误差对比分析。[结果]对比结果表明,在船舶双向加筋板结构中,该方法最多可减少84%的网格数量,且3种变形模式下的等效误差均可控制在6%以内,远低于2种传统方法。[结论]该方法的精度较高、适用范围更广、大幅了节省计算资源,可为大型船体结构非线性力学问题的直接建模仿真计算提供解决方案。

C+L波段低弯曲损耗非耦合三模组渐变折射率光纤设计

光纤是现代通信网络中最为稳定的信号传输媒介,提升光纤模式的数量是满足通信容量日益增加的有效方法.本文设计了低弯曲损耗的非耦合三模组(LP_(01),LP_(11),LP_(21))渐变折射率光纤,运用分层分析法给出了渐变折射率光纤中模组的严格截止条件.此外,利用有限元仿真软件求解光纤模式的有效模场面积和弯曲损耗,得到低弯曲损耗条件下在C+L波段(1530~1625 nm)传输三模组的设计区间.揭示了纤芯中心折射率凹陷和沟槽层共同作用可促进光纤径向高阶模式的截止.模拟结果表明,所设计光纤的模组间有效折射率差大于等于3×10^(-3),弯曲半径为30 mm时的最大弯曲损耗为1.3 d B/km,符合ITU-T推荐的低弯曲损耗条件.而且,在1550 nm波长下,模组内简并模有较小的差分模式群时延(≈176 ps/km),可通过4×4多输入多输出技术补偿简并模之间的串扰.该光纤可适用于C+L波段上实现模组间非耦合的空分复用信号传输.

弯曲多沟槽辅助六芯光纤的传输特性研究

设计了一种弯曲多沟槽辅助六芯光纤结构,多芯光纤中的每个纤芯由三层相同的低折射率沟槽包围,纤芯与每层沟槽之间存在一层包层。运用了光纤的耦合模式理论分析弯曲六芯光纤间的串扰与模场面积两个传输特性。结果显示,弯曲半径和沟槽分别对光纤的串扰和模场面积都有很大影响,添加沟槽后,纤芯之间的串扰明显下降,在不同弯曲半径下,纤芯间串扰的变化约有10 dB。同时不同层数沟槽下的模场面积变化约有150μm^(2)。

柱状螺纹直线超声电动机结构设计与实验研究

为改善现有螺纹直线超声电动机定子的结构刚度,降低谐振频率,提高电机输出力,设计了电机定子的结构并进行实验研究。电机由开槽的定子基体、螺纹动子和4片压电陶瓷组成,采用定子的两个三阶面内弯曲模态实现驱动。利用有限元软件分析定子内螺纹开槽宽度对模态频率的影响,同时进行结构动力学分析,得到定子驱动点的位移响应和运动轨迹。试制样机,搭建机械特性测试平台。实验结果表明:电机能够在较宽的频率范围内运行,电机的最佳工作频率75.2 kHz,最大速度为0.59 mm/s,最大为输出力1.4 N,比优化前分别提高了31.1%和16.7%。

基于RA-AF特征的橡胶自密实混凝土裂缝扩展研究

为探究橡胶自密实混凝土断裂扩展模式,结合声发射RA-AF特征和高斯混合模型(GMM),利用带预制裂缝的半圆盘弯曲试件进行三点弯曲试验,选取橡胶掺量(0%、10%、20%、30%)及跨径比(0.45、0.54、0.72)为试验变量,分析橡胶自密实混凝土裂缝开展种类及变化规律。结果表明:橡胶掺量为20%时,橡胶自密实混凝土表现出较好的工作性能;橡胶掺量增加,拉伸断裂声发射事件占比增大,说明裂缝向Ⅰ型拉伸裂缝发展,并且裂缝发展具有连续的特点;增大跨径比会导致试件承载能力下降,但相同加载阶段其损伤程度逐渐降低,试件内部的断裂模式发生变化,跨径比为0.54时试件表现出较好的工作性能;GMM法显示,拉伸裂缝与剪切裂缝并非简单地以直线作为分界,而是在某些区域内共同存在,GMM法能更为合理地表述不同工况下拉伸断裂事件与剪切断裂事件发生比例的变化规律。

应变硬化水泥基复合材料增强钢筋混凝土构件受弯性能试验研究

设计了1组钢筋混凝土梁构件(RC)和3组应变硬化水泥基复合材料增强钢筋混凝土梁构件(U-10、U-30、U-50),研究了应变硬化水泥基复合材料层厚度(0、10、30、50 mm)对构件受弯性能的影响。结果表明:与RC构件相比,U-10、U-30和U-50构件的承载能力分别提高了16.5%、34.8%和61.0%;在加载过程中,纵向钢筋先屈服,然后应变硬化水泥基复合材料增强层开始承担荷载,且增强层表面出现众多细小裂缝,此后,部分细小裂缝局部化,增强层韧性逐渐丧失,承载能力下降,并最终保持与钢筋混凝土基梁一致。