Study on the Effect of Surface Modification on the Mechanical and Thermal Behaviour of Flax,Sisal and Glass Fiber

Natural fiber-reinforced hybrid composites can be a better replacement for plastic composites since these plastic composites pose a serious threat to the environment.The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of surface modification of the natural fibers on the mechanical,thermal,hygrothermal,and water absorption behaviors of flax,sisal,and glass fiber-reinforced epoxy hybrid composites.The mechanical properties of alkaline treated sisal and flax fibers were found to increase considerably.Tensile,flexural and impact strength of glass/flax-fiber-reinforced hybrid samples improved by 58%,36%,and 51%,respectively,after surface alkaline treatment.In addition,the hygrothermal analysis and water absorption capacity are studied and also the Interfacial bonding properties were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopic images.The thermal analysis using thermogravimetric analyzer reveals that the decomposition temperature for hybrid fiber reinforced composites are between 306 and 312℃.In conclusion,surface treatment improves the performance of natural fiber in hybrid fiber-reinforced composites,particularly flax fiber.

Discussion on bearing capacity of soft rock ground based on in-situ load test

The suitability of five methods was discussed here,taking the typical results from in-situ load test of Renshou Mansion and Caifu Plaza in Yueyang City for example.It shows that bearing capacity can be obtained by the proportion load and limit load from p-s curve with the first and the second point of contraflexure easily.It is recommended that the accurate value of bearing capacity can be obtained by hyperbola fitting method and minimum curvature radius method theoretically.The rebound method is clear in principle,in which the elastoplasticity characteristic is thought about.Out of consideration for the unsteadiness and unobviousness of bearing capacity from relative settlement method,it can be only adopted as reference.So bearing capacity of soft rock ground should be determined by weathering condition of soft rock and curve type.

Deformation Mechanism of Bimodal Structured 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel in Two Yield Stages

A kind of micro/nanostructured 2205 duplex stainless steel(DSS)with uniform distribution of nanocrystals was prepared via aluminothermic reaction method.The analysis of stress-strain curve showed that the fracture strength and elongation of the specimen were 946 MPa and 24.7%,respectively.At present,the research on microstructure of bimodal 2205 DSS at room temperature(RT)mainly depended on scanning electron microscope(SEM)observation after loading experiments.The test result indicates that there are two different yield stages in stress-strain curve of specimen during tensile process.The microstructure of duplex bimodal structured stainless steel consists of two pairs of soft hard regions and phases.By studying deformation mechanism of bimodal structured stainless steel,the interaction between soft phase and hard phase are discussed.The principle of composition design and microstructure control of typical duplex stainless steel is obtained,which provides an important research basis for designing of advanced duplex stainless steel.

Design and feasibility analysis of a new completion monitoring technical scheme for natural gas hydrate production tests

As a prerequisite and a guarantee for safe and efficient natural gas hydrates(NGHs)exploitation,it is imperative to effectively determine the mechanical properties of NGHs reservoirs and clarify the law of the change in the mechanical properties with the dissociation of NGHs during NGHs production tests by depressurization.Based on the development of Japan’s two offshore NGHs production tests in vertical wells,this study innovatively proposed a new subsea communication technology-accurate directional connection using a wet-mate connector.This helps to overcome the technical barrier to the communication between the upper and lower completion of offshore wells.Using this new communication technology,this study explored and designed a mechanical monitoring scheme for lower completion(sand screens).This scheme can be used to monitor the tensile stress and radial compressive stress of sand screens caused by NGHs reservoirs in real time,thus promoting the technical development for the rapid assessment and real-time feedback of the in-situ mechanical response of NGHs reservoirs during offshore NGHs production tests by depressurization.

胶粉纤维改性水泥稳定碎石抗裂性能研究

针对水泥稳定碎石基层易开裂问题,在混合料中掺入适量胶粉及聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维,开展强度、抗压回弹模量、干缩性能和扫描电镜试验(SEM);分别掺入橡胶粉、改性胶粉、PVA纤维、不同水泥剂量的胶粉纤维,对比其对混合料抗裂性能的影响。发现掺入材料对水泥稳定碎石混合料性能具有明显影响。掺入胶粉、改性胶粉后会降低混合料强度和抗压回弹模量,提升抗干缩性能;掺入纤维能增强混合料强度、模量和抗干缩性能;加入不同水泥剂量的胶粉纤维对混合料强度、抗压回弹模量提升效果明显,但降低了抗干缩性能;宏观力学指标试验和SEM试验结果显示出改性胶粉纤维与水泥基具有良好的黏结性,可以提升水泥稳定碎石混合料的抗裂能力。

基于SEM和MIP试验结构性黏土压缩过程中微观孔隙的变化规律

为探求土体在变形过程中微结构形态的演化规律,对湛江结构性黏土进行室内压缩试验,通过真空冷冻升华干燥法对天然土和压缩后土制样,进行扫描电子显微镜扫描试验和压汞试验,基于灰度计算土的三维孔隙率,分析压缩过程中微观孔隙的变化规律。结果表明,较二值化处理获得的二维孔隙率,三维孔隙率物理意义明确,求取方法简单,有较高准确性。湛江天然黏土孔径为1.0～0.1μm的小孔隙组占优,其孔隙体积占总孔隙体积的73%。压缩过程中,P>k前,各孔径组分变化甚微。P>k后,随压力的增大,小孔隙含量表现为先增加后降低。各孔隙组对外力的敏感度与孔隙体积含量正相关。由于压汞过程存在"瓶颈"效应,其结果可能会夸大小孔隙的分布密度而低估大孔隙的分布密度。结构性黏土压缩过程中微观结构形态的演化可分为结构微调、结构破损、结构固化3个阶段。该研究有助于深入了解土的变形机制,为结构性土的工程设计提供科学的依据。

FIB-SEM双束技术简介及其部分应用介绍

聚焦离子束(FIB)与扫描电子显微镜(SEM)耦合成为FIB-SEM双束系统后,通过结合相应的气体沉积装置,纳米操纵仪,各种探测器及可控的样品台等附件成为一个集微区成像、加工、分析、操纵于一体的分析仪器。其应用范围也已经从半导体行业拓展至材料科学、生命科学和地质学等众多领域。本文介绍了双束系统中的一些关键概念及基本原理并综述了其在材料科学领域的一些典型应用,包括透射电镜(TEM)样品制备,微纳尺度力学测试样品制备以及材料三维成像及分析。

页岩陶粒混凝土力学性能试验及微观结构分析

为探究玻璃纤维、秸秆粉和粉煤灰三者掺量对页岩陶粒混凝土的力学性能及微观结构的影响,通过正交试验分析了各因素其水平与页岩陶粒混凝土单轴抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和拉压比的关系,得出因素的主次顺序和优选水平,利用功效系数评价页岩陶粒混凝土的性能。试验结果表明,对于页岩陶粒混凝土单轴抗压强度,粉煤灰掺量为主要因素,优选水平是10%;对于页岩陶粒混凝土劈裂抗拉强度,主要影响因素为玻璃纤维掺量,其次是秸秆粉,优选配合比为:玻璃纤维掺量0.1%、秸秆粉掺量4%、粉煤灰掺量20%;影响混凝土拉压比的主要因素是粉煤灰掺量,其次是玻璃纤维,优选配合比为:玻璃纤维掺量0.1%、秸秆粉掺量2%、粉煤灰掺量20%。根据功效系数分析得到试验组玻璃纤维掺量0.3%、秸秆粉掺量4%、粉煤灰掺量10%总功效数值最高,综合性能优。

Investigation of meso-failure behaviors of Jinping marble using SEM with bending loading system

In th is study, th e m eso-failure m ech an ism an d fracture surface o f Jinping m arble w ere investigated bym ean s o f scanning electro n m icroscope （SEM） w ith ben d in g loading system and laser-scanner equipment. The Y antang an d B aishan m arbles specim ens from Jinping II hyd ro p o w er sta tio n w ere used. Testresu lts show th a t th e fracture to u g h n ess and m echanical behaviors o f Y antang m arble w ere basicallyh ig h er th a n th o se o f Baishan m arble. This is m ainly d u e to th e fact th a t Baishan m arble co n tain s a largep ercen tag e o f d o lom ite an d m in o r mica. Crack pro p ag atio n p a th and fracture m orphology in d icated th a tth e d irection o f ten sile stress has a significant effect on th e m echanical behaviors an d fracture toughnesso f B aishan m arble. For Yantang an d B aishan m arbles, a large n u m b e r o f m icrocracks a ro u n d th e m aincrack tip w ere observed w h e n th e directio n o f ten sile stress w as parallel to th e bed d in g plane.C onversely, few m icrocracks o ccurred w h e n th e directio n o f ten sile stress w as p erp en d icu lar to th ebed d in g plane. The presen ce o f a large n u m b e r o f m icrocracks a t th e m ain crack tip d ecreased th e globalfracture to u g h n ess o f m arble. The results o f th re e -p o in t ben d in g te sts show ed th a t th e average bearingcapacity o f intact m arble is 3.4 tim es th e notch ed m arble, b u t th e ductility p ro p e rty o f th e defectivem arble afte r p eak load is b e tte r th a n th a t o f th e intact m arble. H ence, large d efo rm atio n m ay beg en erated before failure o f in tact m arbles a t Jinping II h y d ro p o w er station. The fractal d im en sio n o ffracture surface w as also calculated by th e cube covering m eth o d . O bservational resu lt show ed th a t th elargest fractal dim en sio n o f Y antang m arble is cap tu red w h e n th e directio n o f ten sile stress is parallel toth e bedding plane. H ow ever, th e fractal d im en sio n o f fracture surface o f Yantang an d Baishan m arblesw ith ten sile stress vertical to th e bed d in g plane is relatively sm all. The fractal d im en sio n can also be usedto characterize th e ro ughness o f fracture surface o f rock m aterials.

不同石粉参数对混凝土力学性能的影响

为研究不同石粉参数对混凝土力学性能的影响,应用正交试验法开展了石粉混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度试验,并通过SEM和MIP试验对石粉影响下混凝土的微观结构进行测试分析,最后基于BP神经网络对混凝土28 d抗压强度进行预测分析和变参数扩展分析。结果表明:石粉掺量对混凝土抗压强度和抗折强度影响最大,其次是石粉岩性,石粉细度影响最小。混凝土强度随石粉掺量的增加先增大后减小,掺量为10%时混凝土抗压强度较基准组提高了18.21%,抗折强度提高了17.91%;3种石粉混凝土强度的大小依次为凝灰岩粉>石灰石粉>红砂岩粉;随着石粉细度的增加强度逐渐增大。基于BP神经网络建立的石粉混凝土强度预测模型平均相对误差为2.33%,通过对试验结果的变参数扩展分析,得到预测值与试验结果的变化规律一致。

Distribution behavior of inclusions in compact-strip-produced martensitic steel and its influence on mechanical properties

The distribution behavior of inclusions in martensitic steel produced by compact strip production process(CSP-MS)and its influence on mechanical properties were systematically investigated.The inclusions in the CSP-MS specimen are mainly composed of spherical Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-CaS,MnS with high aspect ratio and small-sized TiN,whereas many coarse cuboidal TiN inclusions do exist in conventional martensitic steel(Con-MS).The high inclusion density of the CSP-MS specimen resulted in lower total elongation and impact toughness,and the MnS inclusions with high aspect ratio led to significantly stronger mechanical anisotropy than that for Con-MS specimen.The in-situ tensile results indicated that when the fracture direction is parallel to MnS direction,the microcracks induced by MnS inclusions tend to propagate into the matrix,leading to the formation of valley-like features,which significantly deteriorate the properties such as the total elongation and impact toughness.The microcracks caused by TiN inclusions are sharper than those caused by spherical Al_(2)O_(3)-CaO-CaS inclusions,and are easy to propagate into the matrix.This work is expected to guide the optimization of the mechanical properties of martensitic steels produced by CSP process and provide a theoretical basis for the CSP process design.

聚氨酯泡沫塑料剪切力学性能的研究

对聚氨酯泡沫塑料进行了低速扭转实验， 研究了这类材料的剪切力学行为， 确定了材料的剪切弹性模量和剪切破坏强度等力学性能参数．并且， 对扭转试件断口进行了扫描电镜分析，研究了泡沫塑料剪切破坏的机制．最后， 利用作者得到的理论公式，对聚氨酯泡沫塑料的剪切力学性能进行了理论预测．结果表明。

岩石变形劣化全过程细观试验与细观损伤力学模型研究

采用细观试验探究岩石变形劣化全过程是了解岩石变形破坏机制的重要手段。选取四川锦屏二级水电站深埋(2 525 m)隧洞围岩(大理岩),利用岩石变形破坏全过程细观力学试验系统,进行大理岩试样单轴压缩变形破坏全程的数字化试验,在SEM图像数字化处理基础上,对微裂隙的萌生、扩展及贯通过程进行数字化定量分析,统计试样在受压过程中微裂纹的面积、方位角、长度、宽度和周长基本几何数据。利用内变量热力学理论和摩擦弯折裂纹模型,分析微裂纹不同阶段的演化规律,建立微裂纹引起的非弹性应变与应力之间的定量关系,得到大理岩应力–应变关系计算曲线,并与试验结果对比,验证了本文理论模型的可靠性,从试验和理论两方面探究岩石试样单轴压缩过程中的破坏机制。

岩爆形成机理研究

岩爆是高地应力区地下工程洞室开挖施工中常见的一类动力失稳地质灾害现象。作者根据川藏公路二郎山隧道和雅砻江锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞勘探中的岩爆实例调研 ,详细地描述了岩爆破坏的几何形态特征 ,并通过岩爆岩石断口扫描电镜分析和岩爆岩石力学测试等研究 ,总结出岩爆形成的力学机制主要有压致拉裂、压致剪切拉裂、弯曲鼓折 (溃屈 )等 3种基本类型。

高地应力条件下卸荷速率对锦屏大理岩力学特性影响规律试验研究

岩石所处的初始应力状态及开挖等工况诱发的卸荷速率大小对其力学特性具有明显的影响,通过室内三轴卸荷试验和破裂断口的SEM细观扫描分析,研究高应力环境中不同卸荷速率下锦屏一级水电站大理岩的变形破裂及强度特征。卸荷速率vu和初始围压σ30越大,岩石脆性及张性断裂特征愈明显,快速双向卸荷时甚至可在次卸荷方向产生张拉裂缝。张性破裂断口细观形态随vu和σ30的增大依次呈现"树枝形张裂状"、"千层饼形撕裂状"和"近光滑平面形弹射状";卸荷过程中轴向压缩应变增量Δε1随vu和σ30增大而减小,而侧向膨胀应变增量Δε3却增大;不同的卸荷变形阶段卸荷速率vu对变形模量E的影响规律不同,峰前E随vu的增大而增大,而峰值E随vu增大先逐渐增大再迅速降低;卸荷过程中岩石的泊松比μ逐渐增大,并随vu和σ30增大而显著,特别是从峰值点后;相对于加载试验,卸荷条件下岩体的黏聚力c大大减小,而内摩擦角?却有少量增大,vu越快,c减小得越多,?增大的较少。

公路路基黄土湿陷性的室内实验研究

本文总结了目前关于湿陷性黄土湿陷机理的诸观点,对典型的湿陷性黄土地区的公路路基黄土进行了大量野外取样并进行了室内湿陷性试验,通过对试验结果的回归分析揭示了湿陷性与含水量、孔隙比、塑性指数的定量关系;并通过对切取的sem电镜照片进行分析,从微观角度对黄土微观结构特征与湿陷性之间的关系进行了有益的探讨。

一种含回火马氏体组织TRIP钢的研究

制备了一种含回火马氏体组织的TRIP钢(TAM钢),利用拉伸试验机、金相显微镜以及XRD对其力学性能、微观组织特别是残留奥氏体进行了研究,并与传统的TRIP钢进行对比。结果表明:TAM钢的抗拉强度略低于传统的TRIP钢(TPF钢),但是其伸长率远远高于TPF钢,高达32%以上,且拥有良好的加工硬化;TAM钢的微观组织由多边形铁素体、贝氏体、残留奥氏体以及回火马氏体构成;TAM钢的残留奥氏体量和碳含量与TPF钢没有明显差异,但是其残奥分布位置却不同,TAM钢中有部分残奥分布在回火马氏体组织内。在此基础上通过SEM原位拉伸试验对TAM钢在变形过程中的裂纹扩展进行了观察,发现裂纹前端在扩展过程受阻于到回火马氏体。

改性高锰钢裂纹萌生与扩展的原位拉伸研究

借助扫描电镜(SEM)装载的原位拉伸台,观察了经热处理的两种改性高锰钢裂纹萌生与扩展的动态变化过程。结果表明,在改性高锰钢原位拉伸过程中,裂纹源主要为预制缺口处、滑移线密集处、第二相/奥氏体界面及晶界。载荷使奥氏体基体内部形成高密度滑移线,裂纹扩展以向晶内滑移线密集处扩展为主,碳化物/奥氏体界面次之。对于含C和Mn较高的改性高锰钢Mn18,当塑性变形达到一定程度后,由于位错塞积和晶界阻碍效应,碳化物与基体的协同运动受到阻碍,在较大颗粒状碳化物/奥氏体界面产生应力集中,裂纹由此扩展而发生断裂。

干湿循环下红土力学性质劣化的多尺度试验

针对干湿循环下红土力学性质劣化的多尺度效应,开展了重塑红土的压汞试验、扫描电镜试验、细观裂隙试验和三轴剪切试验,分析了土体微细观结构损伤及宏观力学性质劣化规律,探讨了土体力学性质劣化的多尺度机制。研究结果表明:(1)重塑红土微观结构受干湿循环影响损伤明显,土颗粒丰度稍有增加,颗粒多被改造为近圆形和圆形;颗粒定向频率有所变化,整体为各向同性,局部存在优势方向;颗粒面积概率分布指数增大,向更小颗粒改造;土体孔隙总体积增大,小孔隙向大、中孔隙转化为主,孔隙总体积的增加参与了孔隙转化,是大、中孔隙增加的主要来源;(2)干湿循环作用下,重塑红土细观裂隙演化经历了增湿启裂期、循环发育期和后期稳定期,裂隙率和裂隙宽度发育集中于前5次干湿循环,后期趋于稳定;(3)干湿循环下,重塑红土抗剪强度劣化显著,其中黏聚力呈反"S"型衰减,主要集中于前5次干湿循环,后期趋于稳定;内摩擦角基本呈线性减小,减小幅度不大。综合上述分析结果,重塑红土力学性质劣化的多尺度机制可概括为:干湿循环作用引起土体孔隙总体积的膨胀势、孔隙扩张和贯通弱化的基质势、胶结物质被溶解削弱的胶结强度和水分反复迁移改变的颗粒结构共同使得土体微观结构损伤,进而诱发土体微观裂隙扩展成细观裂隙,造成土体完整度退化,导致土体宏观力学性质劣化。

锦屏层状大理岩断裂特征的微细观分析

锦屏二级地下洞室群围岩处于埋深大、高地应力状态,开挖卸荷后围岩变形破坏引起的工程问题十分突出。根据锦屏二级交通辅助洞所取得盐塘组大理岩的层状及白山组大理岩均质的特性,利用SEM高温疲劳试验系统,开展了对盐塘组大理岩不同层理方向受力及白山组大理岩的变形破坏特征及断裂机理的三点弯曲试验。试验过程中,将岩样加工成盐塘组大理岩平行层理、垂直层理及白山组大理岩3组试件。研究结果表明:盐塘组大理岩的层状特性是由于其矿物成分的方解石矿物颗粒及白云石矿物颗粒呈条带状相间分布所致,而矿物颗粒单一的白山组大理岩试件则较为均质;层状大理岩的断裂机理取决于对层理的作用力方向及矿物组成,并且表现出力学参数上的差异,而受矿物颗粒间的胶结能力及颗粒大小的影响,白山组试件强度则最小;盐塘组大理岩两组试件变形破坏过程表现出明显的3个阶段,而白山组试件变形破坏特征则划分为峰前及峰后阶段,受不同断裂机理的影响盐塘组荷载平行层理方向较之垂直方向试件的塑性变形特征明显,且白山组试件峰后阶段较为完整的表现出了其变形破坏过程。