Development review and the prospect of oil shale in-situ catalysis conversion technology

As an unconventional resource, oil shale possesses abundant reserves and significant potential for industrial applications. The rational and efficient development of oil shale resources holds immense importance in reducing national energy demand. In-situ catalytic technology, characterized by its high efficiency, low pollution, and minimal energy consumption, represents a key direction for future oil shale development. This paper provides a comprehensive review of research progress in in-situ oil shale mining technology, oil shale pyrolysis catalysts, the pyrolysis mechanism of kerogen, and the compatibility of different heating processes and catalysts. Furthermore, the paper proposes future research directions and prospects for oil shale in-situ catalytic technology, including reservoir modification, highefficiency catalyst synthesis, injection processes, and high-efficiency heating technology. These insights serve as valuable technical references for the advancement of oil shale in-situ catalytic technology.

Design and development of the deep-rock in-situ condition-preserved coring calibration platform

To systematically validate and calibrate the theory and technology of the deep in-situ conditionpreserved coring, the in-situ conditions at different depths should be simulated, and the full-size coring tests should be carried out in this simulated environment. Therefore, a deep-rock in-situ conditionpreserved coring calibration platform was designed and developed. The self-tightening sealing structure and the quick-disassembly structure were designed on the basis of an innovative segmented nonuniformdiameter structure, which was a breakthrough from the traditional high-pressure vessel frame and was verified by finite element simulation and actual testing under extreme working conditions, respectively.To simulate the actual deep in-situ environment with a temperature of 150℃ and pressure of 140 MPa for a large Φ450 mm×H1400 mm core, temperature and pressure control systems were designed by coupling, and a pre-embedded high-pressure-resistant temperature sensor was designed. Finally, highprecision assembly automation, complex movement coordination of the coring device with the platform,and rotary dynamic sealing were achieved by utilizing the combination of adaptive cabin body servo control and an adaptive mechanical structure in a limited space, laying a solid foundation for the calibration of in-situ condition-preserved coring.

An Overview of Calibration Technology of Industrial Robots

With the continuous improvement of automation,industrial robots have become an indispensable part of automated production lines.They widely used in a number of industrial production activities,such as spraying,welding,handling,etc.,and have a great role in these sectors.Recently,the robotic technology is developing towards high precision,high intelligence.Robot calibration technology has a great significance to improve the accuracy of robot.However,it has much work to be done in the identification of robot parameters.The parameter identification work of existing serial and parallel robots is introduced.On the one hand,it summarizes the methods for parameter calibration and discusses their advantages and disadvantages.On the other hand,the application of parameter identification is introduced.This overview has a great reference value for robot manufacturers to choose proper identification method,points further research areas for researchers.Finally,this paper analyzes the existing problems in robot calibration,which may be worth researching in the future.

Technical development of operational in-situ marine monitoring and research on its key generic technologies in China

In China,operational in-situ marine monitoring is the primary means of directly obtaining hydrological,meteorological,and oceanographic environmental parameters across sea areas,and it is essential for applications such as forecast of marine environment,prevention and mitigation of disaster,exploitation of marine resources,marine environmental protection,and management of transportation safety.In this paper,we summarise the composition,development courses,and present operational status of three systems of operational in-situ marine monitoring,namely coastal marine automated network station,ocean data buoy and voluntary observing ship measuring and reporting system.Additionally,we discuss the technical development in these in-situ systems and achievements in the key generic technologies along with future development trends.

In-situ calibration of acoustic measurements of suspended sediment

The key to the Problems of probing the concentration of suspended sediment in water and its variationwith acoustic equiprnent is for to calibrate the Obboned data. Carbining the acoustic bebotter intensity data withthe real concentration of suspended sediment from water Samples collected for the Changjiang Estuary, three in-situcalibration metyods for transfrming transforming measured sediment are induced. Results show that the discrepancies for cali- brated values given by characteristic the calibration and real ones are less than the values given by single shot method,and the statistted are is 20% approximately. The calibration on charactedstic times is praCtical and sabler than simultaneous calibration.

Properties of n-Ge epilayer on Si substrate with in-situ doping technology

The properties of n-Ge epilayer deposited on Si substrate with in-situ doping technology in a cold-wall ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition（UHVCVD） system are investigated.The growth temperature of 500℃ is optimal for the n-Ge growth in our equipment with a phosphorus concentration of 1018cm-3.In the n-Ge epilayer,the depth profile of phosphorus concentration is box-shaped and the tensile strain of 0.12% confirmed by x-ray diffraction measurement is introduced which results in the red shift of the photoluminescence.The enhancements of photoluminescence intensity with the increase of the doping concentration are observed,which is consistent with the modeling of the spontaneous emission spectrum for direct transition of Ge.The results are of significance for guiding the growth of n-Ge epilayer with in-situ doping technology.

In-situ ultrasonic calibrations of pressure and temperature in a hinge-type double-stage cubic large volume press

Here,simultaneous in-situ calibration of pressures and temperatures was performed in a hinge-type second-stage cubic large volume press(LVP)up to 15 GPa and 1400 K by an acoustic travel-time approach.Based on the recently reported P-tSand P-T-tP-tSequations for Al2O3buffer rod,the cell pressures and temperatures in the chamber of LVP were insitu determined,in comparison with those by conventional off-line(or fixed-points)pressure calibration method and direct thermocouple measurement,respectively.It is found that the cell pressures of the LVP chamber are significantly reduced after annealing at simultaneous high pressures and high temperatures,owing to the stress relaxation as accumulate in the LVP chamber.This acoustic travel-time method is verified to be a good way for precise determination of thermal(cell)pressures at high temperature conditions,and is of great importance and necessity to conduct in-situ physical property measurements under extreme high P-T conditions,especially when the precious synchrotron x-ray/neutron diffraction beams are not available.

Calibration of X-ray telescope prototypes at PANTER

We report on a ground X-ray calibration of two X-ray telescope prototypes at the PANTER X-ray Test Facility, operated by the Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, in Neuried, Germany.The X-ray telescope prototypes were developed by the Institute of Precision Optical Engineering(IPOE)of Tongji University, in a conical Wolter-I configuration, using thermal glass slumping technology.Prototype #1 with three layers and Prototype #2 with 21 layers were tested to assess the prototypes’ onaxis imaging performance. The measurement of Prototype #1 indicates a Half Power Diameter(HPD) of 82′′ at 1.49 keV. As for Prototype #2, we performed more comprehensive measurements of on-axis angular resolution and effective area at several energies ranging from 0.5–10 keV. The HPD and effective area are111′′ and 39 cm^2 at 1.49 keV, respectively, at which energy the on-axis performance of the prototypes is our greatest concern.

强流脉冲束流位置探测器标定技术

电子直线感应加速器性能提升对束流探测器提出了高精度测量要求,由此不仅要求高精度的探测器设计装配技术,而且也要求探测器的准确标定。从强流脉冲束流位置探测器测量原理出发,从理论和实验两方面开展强流脉冲束流位置探测器标定技术研究。在理论上采用解析方法,分析了不同的计算处理方法和标定方法的标定效果,提出了特征平面标定,在建立的位置标定系统上,对用于多脉冲电子直线感应加速器的No.23电阻环进行了标定实验研究,实验结果验证了理论分析结果,根据理论和实验研究结果,确定了强流脉冲束流位置探测器标定方法。

一种应用于大尺寸测量系统的坐标系自动标定方法

针对现有方法在标定过程中过于繁琐的问题,提出了一种应用于大尺寸测量系统的坐标系全自动标定方法。该方法通过固定两个在测量单元局部坐标系已知坐标的测量节点作为标记靶,测量单元之间相互测量彼此的标记靶获得标记靶上的测量点在不同坐标系下的坐标值,利用这些坐标值建立三维几何约束,从而自动标定不同坐标系之间的坐标转换关系。借助于精密激光定位系统平台进行实验验证,结果表明,所提方法可以实现测量单元局部坐标系之间的自动标定,降低了坐标系标定过程中的人工成本。在距离测量单元布站区域约2 m,大小为5 000 mm×5 000 mm×500 mm的测量空间中长度测量的精度在0.46 mm/m以内,测试点三维坐标测量的标准偏差在0.026 mm以内,可以满足绝大部分工业测量的需求。该方法极大的提高了系统的标定效率,有望为具有自动标定功能的大尺寸测量设备的产品化提供新的理论基础。

基于AR技术的光交箱资源校准技术

光交箱端口状态对通信网络的正常运行具有重要作用,由于光交箱内部布线杂乱,容易对端口产生排线遮挡问题,导致传统的光交箱端口图像识别操作不便。文中提出了一种基于AR技术的光交箱资源校准技术,该技术可以对实时视频自适应选取关键帧,然后对关键帧进行光交箱端口状态和文字识别,最后返回加权融合后的识别结果,并利用实时AR交互指引巡检人员处理被遮挡端口,这不仅能提升巡检人员的工作效率,还能提高实时识别准确率。将该校准技术应用到光交箱端口的智能检测中,能对光交箱的端口识别提供极大便利。

Validation of virtual sensor-assisted Bayesian inference-based in-situ sensor calibration strategy for building HVAC systems

For building heating,ventilation and air-conditioning systems(HVACs),sensor faults significantly affect the operation and control.Sensors with accurate and reliable measurements are critical for ensuring the precise indoor thermal demand.Owing to its high calibration accuracy and in-situ effectiveness,a virtual sensor(VS)-assisted Bayesian inference(VS-BI)sensor calibration strategy has been applied for HVACs.However,the application feasibility of this strategy for wider ranges of different sensor types(within-control-loop and out-of-control-loop)with various sensor bias fault amplitudes,and influencing factors that affect the practical in-situ calibration performance are still remained to be explored.Hence,to further validate its in-situ calibration performance and analyze the influencing factors,this study applied the VS-BI strategy in a HVAC system including a chiller plant with air handle unit(AHU)terminal.Three target sensors including air supply(SAT),chilled water supply(CHS)and cooling water return(CWR)temperatures are investigated using introduced sensor bias faults with eight different amplitudes of[−2℃,+2℃]with a 0.5℃ interval.Calibration performance is evaluated by considering three influencing factors:(1)performance of different data-driven VSs,(2)the influence of prior standard deviationsσon in-situ sensor calibration and(3)the influence of data quality on in-situ sensor calibration from the perspective of energy conservation and data volumes.After comparison,a long short term memory(LSTM)is adopted for VS construction with determination coefficient R-squared of 0.984.Results indicate thatσhas almost no impact on calibration accuracy of CHS but scanty impact on that of SAT and CWR.The potential of using a prior standard deviationσto improve the calibration accuracy is limited,only 8.61%on average.For system within-control-loop sensors like SAT and CHS,VS-BI obtains relatively high in-situ sensor calibration accuracy if the data quality is relatively high.

射频器件测量的校准技术分析

在用矢量网络分析仪(VNA)对射频微波元件进行S参数测量时,由于网分的同轴端口与元器件类似微带的端口无法直接进行测量,故往往引入夹具以实现同轴到微带的过渡。在此过程中,测量结果包含了夹具本身自带的误差,需要用校准技术进行去嵌入(deembedding)。直通-反射-延时线(TRL)是其中一种高精度的校准技术,本文在HFSS中制作了10 MHz-45 GHz的TRL校准件包括“顶层地”传输线,新型共面波导,基片集成波导,两层介质的共面波导等不同结构,去嵌入之后的1 pF电容与理想电容在全频段有较好的一致性,并把结果进行对比。下一步模拟了性能更好的同轴连接器,以改善实验的去嵌入结果,验证TRL校准件达到毫米波的可行性方案。

基于北斗+5G技术的煤矿运输车辆定位控制

现有主流运输车辆定位方案一般是借助自身传感器采集环境信息,再与地图匹配,从而估计车辆位置。然而,传统车辆定位方法往往应用于单一场景,在真实的煤矿生产交通环境中,地域限制、自车运动状态变化、光线变化、车辆拥堵等复杂场景下,传感器感知信息会受到干扰,导致定位轨迹信号误差增大甚至失败。为了摆脱传统的传感器检测模式的弊端,提出基于北斗卫星+5G技术的煤矿运输车辆自动定位控制器设计方法。设计一种基于北斗卫星技术与5G蜂窝网络融合的车辆定位技术,对煤矿运输车辆展开定位;针对信号源头的随机干扰问题,设计用于车辆定位信号校准的模糊PID控制器,并通过模糊PID控制器完成车辆定位轨迹信号校准。实验结果表明,北斗+5G的模式在煤矿运输车辆自动定位控制中,定位控制精度更好、稳定性更好、实际应用效果比传统的传感器模式更佳。

定距角锥棱镜长度标准器校准技术的应用研究

本文针对定距角锥棱镜长度标准器的校准问题进行研究,阐述该装置的构成,提出一种光学顶点直接瞄准与快速装调的方案,并与激光干涉测长装置搭配使用。经实践检验,该装置可实现光学顶点、中心的迅速瞄准与定位,使角锥长度标准器更加精准可靠,快速准确地完成瞄准与校准,且结果精准可靠。

互感器检定装置整体检定技术综述

文章提出了一种互感器检定装置整体检定技术,从二次回路状态评估、电源校验技术、环境电磁干扰试验3个方面展开说明。该技术克服了传统单独检验部件的局限性,实现了测量用互感器检定装置整体性能的有效评估,在国内企业的推广应用中显著提高了产品质量,为电力系统的安全稳定经济运行提供了有力保障。

多温区恒等温快速核酸检测仪温度校准方法研究

恒等温扩增技术无需反复升降温和循环,能提高核酸扩增和检测的速度,被广泛应用于核酸POCT设备中。本文针对多温区恒等温快速核酸检测仪的结构、控温原理及关键点,对多温区快速核酸检测仪的温度偏差、升温速率、温度波动度和温度持续时间偏差进行校准和分析,并验证了该校准方法的可行性和合理性。

Application of Ceramic Coat Synthesized by In-Situ Combustion Synthesis to BF Tuyere

A novel technology of tuyere protection is introduced. The ceramic coat .is synthesized by using in-situ combustion process as the internal, external, and nose protecting coat of BF tuyeres. It can effectively protect the tuyeres and reduce heat loss by cooling water. The technglogy is quick-acting, easy to use, energy-saving and can make tuyeres have long service life. The feasibility of the application of the tuyere ceramic coat is discussed and the energy-saving effect of the tuyere is compared with that of the tuyeres lined with refractory.

Measures for controlling large deformations of underground caverns under high in-situ stress condition--A case study of JinpingⅠhydropower station

The Jinping I hydropower station is a huge water conservancy project consisting of the highest concrete arch dam to date in the world and a highly complex and large underground powerhouse cavern. It is located on the right bank with extremely high in-situ stress and a few discontinuities observed in surrounding rock masses. The problems of rock mass deformation and failure result in considerable challenges related to project design and construction and have raised a wide range of concerns in the fields of rock mechanics and engineering. During the excavation of underground caverns, high in-situ stress and relatively low rock mass strength in combination with large excavation dimensions lead to large deformation of the surrounding rock mass and support. Existing experiences in excavation and support cannot deal with the large deformation of rock mass effectively, and further studies are needed. In this paper, the geological conditions, layout of caverns, and design of excavation and support are first introduced, and then detailed analyses of deformation and failure characteristics of rocks are presented. Based on this, the mechanisms of deformation and failure are discussed, and the support adjustments for controlling rock large deformation and subsequent excavation procedures are proposed. Finally, the effectiveness of support and excavation adjustments to maintain the stability of the rock mass is verified. The measures for controlling the large deformation of surrounding rocks enrich the practical experiences related to the design and construction of large underground openings, and the construction of caverns in the Jinping I hydropower station provides a good case study of large-scale excavation in highly stressed ground with complex geological structures, as well as a reference case for research on rock mechanics.