Mechanical properties and energy evolutions of burst-prone coal samples with holes and fillings

During the mining process of impact-prone coal seams,drilling pressure relief can reduce the impact propensity of the coal seam,but it also reduces the integrity and strength of the coal mass at the side of the roadway.Therefore,studying the mechanical properties and energy evolution rules of coal samples containing holes and filled structures has certain practical significance for achieving coordinated control of coal mine rockburst disasters and the stability of roadway surrounding rocks.To achieve this aim,seven types of burst-prone coal samples were prepared and subject to uniaxial compression experiments with the aid of a TAW-3000 electro-hydraulic servo testing machine.Besides,the stress–strain curves,acoustic emission signals,DIC strain fields and other data were collected during the experiments.Furthermore,the failure modes and energy evolutions of samples with varying drilled hole sizes and filling materials were analyzed.The results show that the indexes related to burst propensity of the drilled coal samples decline to some extent compared with those of the intact one,and the decline is positively corelated to the diameter of the drilled hole.After hole filling,the strain concentration degree around the drilled hole is lowered to a certain degree,and polyurethane filling has a more remarkable effect than cement filling.Meanwhile,hole filling can enhance the strength and deformation resistance of coal.Hole drilling can accelerate the release of accumulated elastic strain energy,turning the acoustic emission events from low-frequency and high-energy ones to high-frequency and low-energy ones,whereas hole filling can reduce the intensity of energy release.The experimental results and theoretical derivation demonstrate that hole filling promotes coal deformability and strength mainly by weakening stress concentration surrounding the drilled holes.Moreover,the fillings can achieve a better filling effect if their elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio are closer to those of the coal body.

Treatment of Synovial Cysts in Relation to the Tibial Tunnel of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts by Filling the Tunnel with Acrylic Cement

Introduction: Synovial cyst of the tibial tunnel in connection with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a rare but particularly troublesome complication. Medical treatment is often doomed to failure, and surgical treatment usually consists of excising the cyst and filling the tunnel with bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of filling the tunnel with acrylic cement. Hypothesis: Filling the tibial bone tunnel with acrylic cement should eliminate communication between the joint cavity and the pre-tibial surface and prevent cyst recurrence. Patients and Methods: This retrospective series is composed of 13 patients, 9 men and 4 women, mean age 48.5 years (31 to 64) operated on between 2011 and 2019 for an intra- and extraosseous synovial cyst consecutive to the tibial tunnel of an ACL graft. Between 1983 and 2016, 12 of the patients had had a bone graft without bone block fixation (DI-DT or Mac Intosh) and one patient, a bone-bone transplant (KJ). The cyst was of variable size, located on the anteromedial aspect of the proximal end of the tibia, and often painful, warranting consultation. At the time of the initial operation, 9 patients had undergone meniscectomies (6 medial, 2 lateral, 1 double). In 7 knees, there were 7 cartilage lesions in the femorotibial and/or patellofemoral compartments (one stage 1 lesion, 2 stage 2 lesions, 4 stage 3 lesions, and no stage 4 lesions). Only 2 knees had neither cartilage nor meniscus lesions. After curettage of the bone tunnel /− removal of the non-resorbed or PEEK interference screw, the tunnel was filled with acrylic cement /− reinforced with a ligament staple to prevent expulsion. All patients underwent regular follow-up consultations until recovery. Results: At a maximum follow-up of 8 years, only 1 cyst recurred, representing a 7.69% failure rate. It was reoperated with another technique, which involved filling the tibial bone tunnel with bone graft taken from a half-bank head. After recovery, the cyst healed definitively. All patients were able to return to their previous activity within 15 days of surgery. Conclusion: Filling the tibial tunnel with acrylic cement reinforced /− with a ligament staple is a reliable and rapid solution for the treatment of intra- and extra-articular synovial cysts in relation to the tibial tunnel of ACL grafts.

Grain-filling strategies of wheat of contrasting grain sizes under various planting patterns and irrigation levels

In a study comparing grain filling and yield in a large-and a small-grain-size wheat cultivar under two planting patterns and two irrigation regimes,plastic-covered ridge and furrow planting with sprinkler irrigation increased grain filling and yield in both cultivars.The largest contributors to grain yield were an extended active grain-filling period in Shuangda 1 and an increased mean grain-filling rate in XN538.

Heterogeneous information phase space reconstruction and stability prediction of filling body–surrounding rock combination

Traditional research believes that the filling body can effectively control stress concentration while ignoring the problems of unknown stability and the complex and changeable stress distribution of the filling body–surrounding rock combination under high-stress conditions.Current monitoring data processing methods cannot fully consider the complexity of monitoring objects,the diversity of monitoring methods,and the dynamics of monitoring data.To solve this problem,this paper proposes a phase space reconstruction and stability prediction method to process heterogeneous information of backfill–surrounding rock combinations.The three-dimensional monitoring system of a large-area filling body–surrounding rock combination in Longshou Mine was constructed by using drilling stress,multipoint displacement meter,and inclinometer.Varied information,such as the stress and displacement of the filling body–surrounding rock combination,was continuously obtained.Combined with the average mutual information method and the false nearest neighbor point method,the phase space of the heterogeneous information of the filling body–surrounding rock combination was then constructed.In this paper,the distance between the phase point and its nearest point was used as the index evaluation distance to evaluate the stability of the filling body–surrounding rock combination.The evaluated distances(ED)revealed a high sensitivity to the stability of the filling body–surrounding rock combination.The new method was then applied to calculate the time series of historically ED for 12 measuring points located at Longshou Mine.The moments of mutation in these time series were at least 3 months ahead of the roadway return dates.In the ED prediction experiments,the autoregressive integrated moving average model showed a higher prediction accuracy than the deep learning models(long short-term memory and Transformer).Furthermore,the root-mean-square error distribution of the prediction results peaked at 0.26,thus outperforming the no-prediction method in 70%of the cases.

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Modified Non- Traumatic Filling Technology in the Treatment of Pediatric Dental Caries

Objective:To analyze the effectiveness of modified non-traumatic filling technology in the treatment of pediatric dental caries.Methods:Ninety-seven children with dental caries who were treated in our hospital(Panyu Maternal and Child Care Service Center of Guangzhou)from January 2022 to December 2023 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 48 cases in the experimental group and 49 in the control group.The experimental group was treated with modified non-traumatic filling techniques,while the control group was treated with conventional filling techniques.Observation indicators such as the total effectiveness of the treatment,incidence of adverse events,treatment compliance,and pain scores were analyzed after the intervention.Result:After intervention,the total effectiveness of the treatment in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse events in the experimental group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The treatment compliance of patients in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The pain score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of modified non-traumatic filling technology in the treatment of pediatric dental caries showed good therapeutic outcomes.After the intervention,the child’s symptoms were significantly alleviated,the incidence of adverse events such as filling material falling off was reduced,their compliance was improved,and the pain was relieved.This procedure is worth to be promoted for clinical application.

Tuning Active Metal Atomic Spacing by Filling of Light Atoms and Resulting Reversed Hydrogen Adsorption-Distance Relationship for Efficient Catalysis

Precisely tuning the spacing of the active centers on the atomic scale is of great significance to improve the catalytic activity and deepen the understanding of the catalytic mechanism,but still remains a challenge.Here,we develop a strategy to dilute catalytically active metal interatomic spacing(d_(M-M))with light atoms and discover the unusual adsorption patterns.For example,by elevating the content of boron as interstitial atoms,the atomic spacing of osmium(d_(Os-Os))gradually increases from 2.73 to 2.96?.More importantly,we find that,with the increase in dOs-Os,the hydrogen adsorption-distance relationship is reversed via downshifting d-band states,which breaks the traditional cognition,thereby optimizing the H adsorption and H_2O dissociation on the electrode surface during the catalytic process;this finally leads to a nearly linear increase in hydrogen evolution reaction activity.Namely,the maximum dOs-Os of 2.96?presents the optimal HER activity(8 mV@10 mA cm^(-2))in alkaline media as well as suppressed O adsorption and thus promoted stability.It is believed that this novel atomic-level distance modulation strategy of catalytic sites and the reversed hydrogen adsorption-distance relationship can shew new insights for optimal design of highly efficient catalysts.

FGW1, a protein containing DUF630 and DUF632 domains, regulates grain size and filling in Oryza sativa L.

Grain filling influences grain size and quality in cereal crops. The molecular mechanisms that regulate grain endosperm development remain elusive. In this study, we characterized a filling-defective and grain width mutant, fgw1, whose mutation increased rice seed width mainly via cell division and expansion in grains. Sucrose contents were higher but starch contents lower in the fgw1 mutant during the grainfilling stage, resulting in inferior endosperm of opaque, white appearance with loosely packed starch granules. Map-based cloning revealed that FGW1 encoded a protein containing DUF630/DUF632domains, localized in the plasma membrane with preferential expression in the panicle. RNA interference in FGW1 resulted in increased grain width and weight, whereas overexpression of FGW1 led to slightly narrower kernels and better grain filling. In a yeast two-hybrid assay, FGW1 interacted directly with the 14–3–3 protein GF14f, bimolecular fluorescence complementation verified that the site of interaction was the membrane, and the mutated FGW1 protein failed to interact with GF14f. The expression of GF14f was down-regulated in fgw1, and the activities of AGPase, StSase, and SuSase in the endosperm of fgw1increased similarly to those of a reported GF14f-RNAi. Transcriptome analysis indicated that FGW1 also regulates cellular processes and carbohydrate metabolism. Thus, FGW1 regulated grain formation via the GF14f pathway.

Effects of mechanical vibration on filling and solidification behavior, microstructure and performance of Al/Mg bimetal by lost foam compound casting

Al/Mg bimetal was prepared by lost foam solid-liquid compound casting,and the effects of mechanical vibration on the filling and solidification behavior,microstructure and performance of the bimetal were investigated.Results show that the mechanical vibration has a remarkable influence on the filling and solidification processes.It is found that after mechanical vibration,the filling rate increases and the filling rate at different times is more uniform than that without vibration.In addition,the mechanical vibration also increases the wettability between liquid AZ91D and A356 inlays.The mechanical vibration reduces the horizontal and vertical temperature gradient of the casting and makes the temperature distribution of the whole casting more uniform.Compared to the Al/Mg bimetal without vibration,the shear strength is improved by 39.76%after the mechanical vibration is applied,due to the decrease of the inclusions and Al_(12)Mg_(17) dendrites,and the refinement and uniform distribution of the Mg_(2)Si particles in the interface of the Al/Mg bimetal.

Raw Gangue Filling Mining under Construction —A Case Study in China

In order to recover the strip pillar coal resources, reduce the amount of gangue mountain and realize remediation of the goaf environment in the old mining area, the raw gangue filling mining technology was proposed. According to the previous practical experience, the feasibility of the implementation of raw gangue filling mining technology in the coal-pressed area was analyzed. Through the filling gangue compaction test, the deformation under different loading stages was obtained. Further, a reasonable prediction of the deformation beyond the experimental limited loading load was made based on the experimental results. Through the deformation source analysis of the whole process of gangue filling, the key factors for controlling deformation before, during, and after filling were determined. Additionally, the proportion of deformation during different stages was quantified. Considering the protection of surface buildings, mining fullness of the working face and mining technology, the production parameters of 1209 and 1210 filling working faces were preliminarily determined. Through numerical simulation, the rationality of mining scheme was verified. Based on the practice of 1209 working face and the key factors to control the deformation of gangue filling, the mining system and process in 1210 working face were optimized. According to the measured surface rock movement, raw gangue filling mining technology can meet the requirements of surface building protection level. Especially, this paper provides a method to quantitatively calculate the equivalent mining height (EMH) of raw gangue filling and its mining deformation, which has reference significance for old mining areas.

In-situ interfacial passivation and self-adaptability synergistically stabilizing all-solid-state lithium metal batteries

The function of solid electrolytes and the composition of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)are highly significant for inhibiting the growth of Li dendrites.Herein,we report an in-situ interfacial passivation combined with self-adaptability strategy to reinforce Li_(0.33)La_(0.557)TiO_(3)(LLTO)-based solid-state batteries.Specifically,a functional SEI enriched with LiF/Li_(3)PO_(4) is formed by in-situ electrochemical conversion,which is greatly beneficial to improving interface compatibility and enhancing ion transport.While the polarized dielectric BaTiO_(3)-polyamic acid(BTO-PAA,BP)film greatly improves the Li-ion transport kinetics and homogenizes the Li deposition.As expected,the resulting electrolyte offers considerable ionic conductivity at room temperature(4.3 x 10~(-4)S cm^(-1))and appreciable electrochemical decomposition voltage(5.23 V)after electrochemical passivation.For Li-LiFePO_(4) batteries,it shows a high specific capacity of 153 mA h g^(-1)at 0.2C after 100 cycles and a long-term durability of 115 mA h g^(-1)at 1.0 C after 800 cycles.Additionally,a stable Li plating/stripping can be achieved for more than 900 h at 0.5 mA cm^(-2).The stabilization mechanisms are elucidated by ex-situ XRD,ex-situ XPS,and ex-situ FTIR techniques,and the corresponding results reveal that the interfacial passivation combined with polarization effect is an effective strategy for improving the electrochemical performance.The present study provides a deeper insight into the dynamic adjustment of electrode-electrolyte interfacial for solid-state lithium batteries.

Interplay of laser power and pore characteristics in selective laser melting of ZK60 magnesium alloys:A study based on in-situ monitoring and image analysis

This study offers significant insights into the multi-physics phenomena of the SLM process and the subsequent porosity characteristics of ZK60 Magnesium(Mg)alloys.High-speed in-situ monitoring was employed to visualise process signals in real-time,elucidating the dynamics of melt pools and vapour plumes under varying laser power conditions specifically between 40 W and 60 W.Detailed morphological analysis was performed using Scanning-Electron Microscopy(SEM),demonstrating a critical correlation between laser power and pore formation.Lower laser power led to increased pore coverage,whereas a denser structure was observed at higher laser power.This laser power influence on porosity was further confirmed via Optical Microscopy(OM)conducted on both top and cross-sectional surfaces of the samples.An increase in laser power resulted in a decrease in pore coverage and pore size,potentially leading to a denser printed part of Mg alloy.X-ray Computed Tomography(XCT)augmented these findings by providing a 3D volumetric representation of the sample internal structure,revealing an inverse relationship between laser power and overall pore volume.Lower laser power appeared to favour the formation of interconnected pores,while a reduction in interconnected pores and an increase in isolated pores were observed at higher power.The interplay between melt pool size,vapour plume effects,and laser power was found to significantly influence the resulting porosity,indicating a need for effective management of these factors to optimise the SLM process of Mg alloys.

In-situ X-ray computed tomography tensile tests and analysis of damage mechanism and mechanical properties in laser powder b e d fused Invar 36 alloy

Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)is a potential additive manufacturing process to manufacture Invar 36 alloy components with complicated geometry.Whereas it inevitably introduces specific microstructures and pore defects,which will further influence the mechanical properties.Hence,aiming at exploring the LPBF process-related microstructures and pore defects,and especially their influences on the damage mechanism and mechanical properties,Invar 36 alloy was manufactured by LPBF under designed different laser scanning speeds.The microstructure observations reveal that higher scanning speeds lead to equiaxed and short columnar grains with higher dislocation density,while lower scanning speeds result in elongated columnar grains with lower dislocation density.The pore defects analyzed by X-ray computed tomography(XCT)suggest that the high laser scanning speed gives rise to numerous lamellar and large lack-of-fusion(LOF)pores,and the excessively low laser scanning speed produces relatively small keyhole pores with high sphericity.Moreover,the insitu XCT tensile tests were originally performed to evaluate the damage evolution and failure mechanism.Specifically,high laser scanning speed causes brittle fracture due to the rapid growth and coalescence of initial lamellar LOF pores along the scan-ning direction.Low laser scanning speed induces ductile fracture originating from unstable depressions in the surfaces,while metallurgical and keyhole pores have little impact on damage evolution.Eventually,the process-structure-property correlation is established.The presence of high volume fraction of lamel-lar LOF pores,resulting from high scanning speed,leads to inferior yield strength and ductility.Besides,specimens without LOF pores exhibit larger grain sizes and lower dislocation density at decreased scanning speeds,slightly reducing yield strength while slightly enhancing ductility.This understanding lays the foundation for widespread applications of LPBF-processed Invar 36 alloy.

Effects of Heat Stress during Seed Filling Stage on Brassica napus Seed Oil Accumulation and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics

As global temperature rise,the threat of heat stress to rapeseed production is becoming more obvious.Exploring the response characteristics of two important biological pathways,oil accumulation and photosynthesis,to heat stress during B.napus seed filling is helpful in the genetic improvement of heat-tolerant rapeseed.The effects of heat stress on seed oil accumulation and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of 29 B.napus germplasms with different oil content and environmental sensitivity,including 6 rapeseed varieties which exhibited environmentsensitive/insensitive and with high,medium or low oil content,were tested by whole plant heat stress or the in vitro silique culture system.Both assay exhibited similar trend on oil content of the rapeseed germplasms.The heat effect on the chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters F_(v)/F_(m),ETR and Y(Ⅱ)were also consistent.Heat stress significantly decreased oil content,although there was abundant genetic variation on heat tolerance among the genotypes.Correlation analysis showed that the decrease rate of F_(v)/F_(m) of silique heat-stressed B.napus developing seed was positive correlative to the decrease rate of mature seed oil content of the whole plant heat-stressed rapeseed(R=0.9214,P-value<0.01).Overall,the results indicated that heat stress inhibited oil accumulation and photosynthesis in B.napus developing seed.The decrease rate of chlorophyll fluorescence parameter F_(v)/F_(m) of heat-stressed developing seed could be used as the index of heat tolerant rapeseed identification.Further,two heat insensitive rapeseed varieties with high oil content were identified.

In-situ coating and surface partial protonation co-promoting performance of single-crystal nickel-rich cathode in all-solid-state batteries

The poor electrochemical performance of all-solid-state batteries(ASSBs),which is assemblied by Ni-rich cathode and poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based electrolytes,can be attributed to unstable cathodic interface and poor crystal structure stability of Ni-rich cathode.Several coating strategies are previously employed to enhance the stability of the cathodic interface and crystal structure for Ni-rich cathode.However,these methods can hardly achieve simplicity and high efficiency simultaneously.In this work,polyacrylic acid(PAA)replaced traditional PVDF as a binder for cathode,which can achieve a uniform PAA-Li(LixPAA(0<x≤1))coating layer on the surface of single-crystal LiNi_(0.83)Co_(0.12)Mn_(0.05)O_(2)(SC-NCM83)due to H^(+)/Li^(+)exchange reaction during the initial charging-discharging process.The formation of PAA-Li coating layer on cathode can promote interfacial Li^(+)transport and enhance the stability of the cathodic interface.Furthermore,the partially-protonated surface of SC-NCM83 casued by H^(+)/Li^(+)exchange reaction can restrict Ni ions transport to enhance the crystal structure stability.The proposed SC-NCM83-PAA exhibits superior cycling performance with a retention of 92%compared with that(57.3%)of SC-NCM83-polyvinylidene difluoride(PVDF)after 200 cycles.This work provides a practical strategy to construct high-performance cathodes for ASSBs.

Development of Machine Vision-Based Algorithm for Counting and Discriminating Filled and Unfilled Paddy Rice in Overlapping Mode

In this study, a new method based on image processing was presented to count and discriminate paddy rice, even when they overlapped. This method was performed in three steps. In the first step, using a reference image that excludes any overlapping paddy rice, the average area, standard deviation, and a threshold value for paddy rice were determined.

Study of the spatial growth of stimulated Brillouin scattering in a gas-filled hohlraum via detecting the driven ion acoustic wave

In an experiment performed on the Shenguang-III prototype laser facility, collective Thomson scattering (TS) is used to study the spatialgrowth of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in a gas-filled hohlraum by detecting the SBS-driven ion acoustic wave. High-quality timeresolved SBS and TS spectra are obtained simultaneously in the experiment, and these are analyzed by a steady-state code based on theray-tracing model. The analysis indicates that ion–ion collisions may play an important role in suppressing SBS growth in the Au plasma;as aresult, the SBS excited in the filled gas region is dominant. In the early phase of the laser pulse, SBS originates primarily from the high-densityplasma at the edges of the interaction beam channel, which is piled up by the heating of the interaction beam. Throughout the duration of thelaser pulse, the presence of the TS probe beam might mitigate SBS by perturbing the density distribution around the region overlapping withthe interaction beam.

Fulfilling Meetings

The annual Two Sessions highlight high-quality development The 14th National People’s Congress (NPC),China’s national legislature, concluded its first session on the morning of 13 March in Beijing,marking the completion of the annual sessions of the NPC and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), the top political advisory body,known collectively as Two Sessions.

Assessing the conservation impact of Chinese indigenous chicken populations between ex-situ and in-situ using genome-wide SNPs

Conservation programs require rigorous evaluation to ensure the preservation of genetic diversity and viability of conservation populations. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of two indigenous Chinese chicken breeds, Gushi and Xichuan black-bone, using whole-genome SNPs to understand their genetic diversity, track changes over time and population structure. The breeds were divided into five conservation populations(GS1, 2010, ex-situ;GS2, 2019, ex-situ;GS3, 2019, in-situ;XB1, 2010, in-situ;and XB2, 2019, in-situ) based on conservation methods and generations. The genetic diversity indices of three conservation populations of Gushi chicken showed consistent trends, with the GS3 population under in-situ strategy having the highest diversity and GS2 under ex-situ strategy having the lowest. The degree of inbreeding of GS2 was higher than that of GS1 and GS3. Conserved populations of Xichuan black-bone chicken showed no obvious changes in genetic diversity between XB1 and XB2. In terms of population structure, the GS3 population were stratified relative to GS1 and GS2. According to the conservation priority, GS3 had the highest contribution to the total gene and allelic diversity in GS breed, whereas the contribution of XB1 and XB2 were similar. We also observed that the genetic diversity of GS2 was lower than GS3, which were from the same generation but under different conservation programs(in-situ and ex-situ). While XB1 and XB2 had similar levels of genetic diversity. Overall, our findings suggested that the conservation programs performed in ex-situ could slow down the occurrence of inbreeding events, but could not entirely prevent the loss of genetic diversity when the conserved population size was small, while in-situ conservation populations with large population size could maintain a relative high level of genetic diversity.

In-situ AFM and quasi-in-situ studies for localized corrosion in Mg-9Al-1Fe-(Gd) alloys under 3.5 wt.% NaCl environment

Revealing the localized corrosion process of Mg alloy is considered as one of the most significant ways for improving its corrosion resistance.The reliable monitor should be high distinguishability and real-time in liquid environment.Herein,Mg-9Al-1Fe and Mg-9Al-1Fe-1Gd alloys were designed to highlight the impact of intermetallic on the corrosion behaviour.In-situ AFM with a special electrolyte circulation system and quasi-in-situ SEM observation were used to monitor the corrosion process of the designed alloys.SEM-EDS and TEM-SAED were applied to identify the intermetallic in the designed alloys,and their volta potentials were measured by SKPFM.According to the real-time and real-space in-situ AFM monitor,the corrosion process consisted of dissolution of anodicα-Mg phase,accumulation of corrosion products around cathodic phase and shedding of some fine cathodic phase.Then,the localized corrosion process of Mg alloy was revealed combined with the results of the monitor of corrosion process and Volta potential difference.

An in-situ study of static recrystallization in Mg using high temperature EBSD

It has been a common method to improve the mechanical properties of metals by manipulating their microstructures via static recrystallization,i.e.,through heat treatment.Therefore,the knowledge of recrystallization and grain growth is critical to the success of the technique.In the present work,by using in-situ high temperature EBSD,the mechanisms that control recrystallization and grain growth of an extruded pure Mg were studied.The experimental results revealed that the grains of priority for dynamic recrystallization exhibit fading competitiveness under static recrystallization.It is also found that grain boundary movement or grain growth is likely to show an inverse energy gradient effect,i.e.,low energy grains tend to swallow or grow into high energy grains,and grain boundaries of close to 30°exhibit superior growth advantage to others.Another finding is that{10-12}tensile twin boundaries are sites of hardly observed for recrystallization,and are finally swallowed by adjacent recrystallized grains.The above findings may give comprehensive insights of static recrystallization and grain growth of Mg,and may guide the design of advanced materials processing in microstructural engineering.