In-situ incorporation of halloysite nanotubes with 2D zeolitic imidazolate framework-L based membrane for dye/salt separation

Layered assembled membranes of 2D leaf-like zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIF-L)nanosheets have received great attention in the field of water treatment due to the porous structure and excellent antibacterial ability,but the dense accumulation on the membrane surface and the low permeate flux greatly hinder their application.Herein,we synthesized m HNTs(modified halloysite nanotubes)/ZIF-L nanocomposites on modified m HNTs by in situ growth method.Interestingly,due to the different size of m HNTs and ZIF-L,m HNTs were packed in ZIF-L nanosheets.The hollow m HNTs provided additional transport channels for water molecules,and the accumulation of the ZIF-L nanosheets was decreased after assembling m HNTs/ZIF-L nanocomposites into membrane by filtration.The prepared m HNTs/ZIF-L membrane presented high permeate flux(59.6 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)),which is 2-4 times of the ZIF-L membranes(14.8 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)).Moreover,m HNTs/ZIF-L membranes are intrinsically antimicrobial,which exhibit extremely high bacterial resistance.We provide a controllable strategy to improve 2D ZIF-L assembles,and develops novel membranes using 2D package structure as building units.

Melt extraction and mineralization: A case study from the Shuangjianzishan supergiant Ag-Pb-Zn deposit(208 Mt), Inner Mongolia, NE China

The supergiant Shuangjianzishan(SJZ) Ag-Pb-Zn deposit is in the southern segment of the Great Hinggan Range(SGHR), northeast China. Previous studies suggest the ore-forming material and fluid originated from the magmatic system, and the mineralization age was consistent with the diagenetic age. However,the relationship between granitic magmatism and mineralization is still unclear in the SJZ. In this study, CH-O-He-Ar and in-situ S-Pb isotope analyses were conducted to determine the sources of ore-forming fluids and metals, which were combined with geochemistry data of SJZ granitoids from previous studies to constrain the relationship between the magmatism and the mineralization. The C-H-O-He-Ar-S-Pb isotopic compositions suggested the SJZ ore-forming material and fluids were derived from a magmatic source, which has mixed a small amount of mantle-derived materials. In addition, the disseminated sulfide from the syenogranite has comparable S-Pb isotopic composition with the sulfide minerals from ore veins,suggesting that the generation of the SJZ ore-forming fluids has a close relationship with the syenogranite magmatism. Combining with the geochemical characters of the syenogranite, the authors proposed that the mantle-derived fingerprint of the SJZ ore-forming fluid might be caused by the parent magma of the syenogranite, which was derived from partial melting of the juvenile lower crust, and underwent the residual melts segregated from a crystal mush in the shallow magma reservoir. The extraction of the syenogranite parent magma further concentrated the fertilized fluids, which was crucial to mineralization of the SJZ Ag-Pb-Zn deposit.

Effects of Litter Removal and Addition on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization of Eucalyptus Plantation

[Objectives]This study was conducted to understand the process of soil nitrogen mineralization in Eucalyptus plantations,and to identify the characteristics of soil nitrogen mineralization with different litter inputs.[Methods]With the soil of the Eucalyptus plantation in Fusui County,Guangxi as the research object,the soil nitrogen mineralization of the Eucalyptus plantation under different litter treatments(removing litter,adding litter and retaining litter)was studied by PVC tube closed-top in-situ incubation.[Results]①After 1 year of litter treatment,the inorganic nitrogen(NH_(4)^(+)-N+NO_(3)^(-)-N)in the soil of different treatments ranked as adding litter(20.15 mg/kg)>retaining litter(16.02 mg/kg)>removing litter(11.60) mg/kg),and the differences reached a significant level(P<0.05).②After 30 d of in-situ incubation,there were significant differences in soil nitrate nitrogen content before and after incubation in the three treatments(removing litter,adding litter,and retaining litter)before and after incubation(P<0.05),but no significant differences were observed in soil ammonium nitrogen content(P>0.05).Soil nitrate nitrogen contents increased from 1.47,2.01 and 1.72 mg/kg before incubation to 3.66,6.73 and 5.02 mg/kg,respectively,and soil ammonium nitrogen content increased from 11.60,20.15 and 16.02 mg/kg before incubation to 13.65,21.54 and 17.18 mg/kg,respectively.The net nitrogen mineralization quantities of the three treatments were 4.24,6.11 and 4.46 mg/kg,respectively,and the net nitrogen mineralization rates from large to small were adding litter[0.180 mg/(kg·d)]>retaining litter[0.141 mg/(kg·d)]>removing litter[0.125 mg/(kg·d)].Therefore,both removal and addition of litter affected the soil nitrogen input and nitrogen mineralization rate of the Eucalyptus plantation,thereby affecting soil nitrogen availability and the ability of soil to maintain plant-available nitrogen.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for nutrient management in Eucalyptus plantations,especially nitrogen nutrient management.

Dye removal using some surface modified silicate minerals

The objective of this work is to study the efficiency of some surface modified phyllosilicate minerals(bentonite and glauconite) in the removal of dyes from textile waste water. It is found that complete dye removal was achieved by using 10–25 g modified glauconite from solutions having a dye concentration of 10–50 mg/L. Adsorption data were modeled using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms. Adsorption capacities and optimum adsorption isotherms were predicted by linear regression method. The analysis of experimental isotherms showed that Langmuir isotherm reasonably fit the experimental data in the studied concentration range for the adsorption of dye onto glauconite mineral surface where Freundlich isotherm fit the experimental data for the adsorption of dye onto bentonite mineral surface.

棉织物活性轧染及矿化后处理工艺

为实现印染加工环节的节水减排,将棉织物活性染料轧染后采用矿化工艺后处理,探讨了染色工艺中固色碱剂种类、用量和矿化后处理工艺中助剂XBD、XYK用量等因素对织物染色性能的影响。结果表明:在复配碱剂Na2CO320 g/L+NaOH 3 g/L、汽蒸温度120℃、汽蒸时间4 min条件下,棉织物可获得良好的染色效果。矿化后处理工艺(XBD 0.5 g/L、XYK 3 g/L、温度80℃)可使织物的色牢度较常规后处理工艺提高半级,染色废水色度明显降低,且由传统的6道工序缩短至4道,节约加工时间33%,节约用水33%,提效节能效果显著。

羊毛和涤纶染色废水的深度处理与回用

将羊毛染色废水与涤纶毛条染色废水以2∶1的体积比混合,采用深度矿化技术对其进行净化处理,并将净化水作为染色与后处理介质,回用于羊毛活性染料的染色。试验考察了矿化工艺参数对废水处理效果及其净化水回用染色效果的影响。研究结果表明,采用净化水回用于Lanasol CE的染色,所得样品的颜色和摩擦色牢度,与纯净水染色样品基本一致。

羊毛、涤纶纤维同浴染色原位矿化工艺

针对毛/涤混纺织物染色流程长、用水量大的问题,采用Lanasol染料和分散染料对羊毛和涤纶纤维进行原位矿化工艺同浴染色,分析了矿化工艺参数对染色效果的影响,并与传统染色进行比较。优化的工艺为环保载体2.0%(omf),矿化助剂XBD 1.00%(omf)、XYS 5.0%(omf),85℃矿化处理20 min。结果表明,原位矿化染色产品的颜色、色牢度与传统工艺基本一致,且具有显著的节水减排和提高生产效率的作用。

Controlled-release Properties of Microencapsulated Disperse Dyes

Some disperse dyes were microencapsulated by means of in- situ polymerization. These microencapsulated disperse dyes was extracted respectively by ethanol under certain conditions. The controlled-release properties of disperse dyes through the shell of microcapsules were measured by spectrophotometer. According to the results, it was drawn that the type of disperse dyes, the auxiliaries contained in disperse dyes, the quantity of system controlling medium used and the core/shell ratio of microcapsules play important roles in controlling the release properties of microcapsules. The different controlled- release properties of microcapsules, which were prepared under given conditions, however, would in turn influence the performance of microcapsules in multiple-transfer printing.

The dating and temperature measurement technologies for carbonate minerals and their application in hydrocarbon accumulation research in the paleouplift in central Sichuan Basin, SW China

A new method for reconstructing the geological history of hydrocarbon accumulation is developed, which are constrained by U-Pb isotope age and clumped isotope((35)47) temperature of host minerals of hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions. For constraining the time and depth of hydrocarbon accumulation by the laser in-situ U-Pb isotope age and clumped isotope temperature, there are two key steps:(1) Investigating feature, abundance and distribution patterns of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon inclusions with optical microscopes.(2) Dating laser in-situ U-Pb isotope age and measuring clumped isotope temperature of the host minerals of hydrocarbon inclusions. These technologies have been applied for studying the stages of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Sinian Dengying gas reservoir in the paleo-uplift of the central Sichuan Basin. By dating the U-Pb isotope age and measuring the temperature of clumped isotope((35)47) of the host minerals of hydrocarbon inclusions in dolomite, three stages of hydrocarbon accumulation were identified:(1) Late Silurian: the first stage of oil accumulation at(416±23) Ma.(2) Late Permian to Early Triassic: the second stage of oil accumulation between(248±27) Ma and(246.3±1.5) Ma.(3) Yanshan to Himalayan period: gas accumulation between(115±69) Ma and(41±10) Ma. The reconstructed hydrocarbon accumulation history of the Dengying gas reservoir in the paleo-uplift of the central Sichuan Basin is highly consistent with the tectonic-burial history, basin thermal history and hydrocarbon generation history, indicating that the new method is a reliable way for reconstructing the hydrocarbon accumulation history.

传统染料在纺织工艺上的艺术价值

纺织面料中的矿物质染料和天然染料是两种不同的染色材料,两者在纺织品制作工艺中的作用也有所不同。文章首先介绍这两种染料的概念,其次分析其在纺织品制作工艺中的作用,重点研究着色效果及制作工艺上的差异,探讨其在展览、展陈等艺术领域的应用价值和展现效果,同时考虑到市场价值,对两种染料的应用前景进行探究。

矿物负载纳米TiO2光催化材料的制备及其在偶氮染料废水处理中的应用

选用累托石、高岭土为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了矿物负载纳米TiO2光催化材料。对制备的材料进行X衍射分析,表明TiO2已成功负载于矿物表面。其中TiO2有部分进入累托石层间。用制备的光催化材料处理含偶氮染料废水,结果表明其对偶氮染料废水的脱色率分别达到了100%和84.65%。通过对比实验、红外光谱分析以及紫外-可见光扫描分析结果表明光催化材料使偶氮染料发生了降解。

涤纶毛条分散染料原位矿化染色新技术

通过实施原位矿化染色新技术,采用分散染料对涤纶毛条进行染色生产试验。与传统染色工艺相比,采用涤纶毛条原位矿化染色新技术,可使染色用水减少83.33%,染色废水CODCr降低51.65%,染色废水BOD5降低27.42%,染色废水中悬浮物降低40.74%,染色废水色度降低88.01%。采用该染色新技术无需对加工设备进行任何改动,综合染色加工成本低于或不高于传统染色加工成本。该染色新技术目前已在生产中推广应用,其深度节水、减排、节能效应十分明显,为涤纶毛条分散染料染色加工提供了一条新的加工途径。

羊毛毛条活性染料原位矿化染色新技术

通过实施原位矿化染色新技术,采用Lanasol CE系列染料对羊毛毛条进行了染色生产试验。与传统染色工艺相比,采用羊毛毛条原位矿化染色新技术,可使染色用水减少98.33%,染色废水CODcr降低97.83%,染色废水BOD5降低97.67%,染色废水中悬浮物降低97.21%,染色废水色度降低99.82%。采用该染色新技术无需对加工设备进行任何改动,综合染色加工成本低于或不高于传统染色加工成本。该染色新技术已在生产中推广应用,其深度节水、减排效应十分明显,为羊毛毛条活性染料染色加工提供了一条新的加工途径。

腈纶的原位矿化染色工艺

采用阳离子染料对腈纶织物进行原位矿化工艺染色,通过单因素试验分析偶合剂用量、矿化温度及时间对染色织物的K/S值及染色残液脱色率等的影响。结果表明,当偶合剂XBQ及XYQ质量分数分别为1.6%(omf)和8.0%(omf),矿化温度及时间分别为70℃和40min时,腈纶织物经原位矿化染色可以获得与传统染色工艺一致的染色深度和染色牢度。相比传统染色工艺,原位矿化染色的残液脱色率可达90%,染后残液COD_(Cr)值降低50%以上,节水80%,满足染整加工对深度节水减排的需求。

Ti-凹凸棒石催化剂对染料废水的臭氧氧化降解的影响

对于生物难降解性有机染料废水 ,用臭氧氧化法进行处理可取得较好的效果。氧化效率低 ,处理成本高是臭氧技术实际应用中的主要障碍。采用凹凸棒石为载体加载钛氧化物制成的可重复使用的固体催化剂 ,对人工模拟染料废水进行复合催化氧化处理 ,取得了较好的效果。在pH =11,人工合成染料废水浓度为 40 0mg·L- 1 的条件下 ,m(TiO2 )∶m(凹凸棒石 )为 1∶2 0的Ti-凹凸棒石催化剂使臭氧氧化效率 (以COD去除率计 )从 2 1.5 %提高到 73.8%。催化效果在碱性条件 ( pH =11)和低浓度废水 ( 40 0mg·L- 1 )时效果较好。重复使用 3次后 ,TiO2

天然矿物材料处理印染废水的研究进展

印染废水是目前较难处理也是急需处理的工业废水。天然矿物材料通过吸附、光催化降解等作用可有效去除印染废水中的染料分子。介绍了多孔矿物、矿物/纳米半导体复合材料以及天然半导体矿物等天然矿物材料处理印染废水的研究进展。对天然矿物材料处理印染废水的研究方向进行了展望。

不同染料化合物在天然锰矿界面的脱色特性

本文考察了染料化合物在天然锰矿界面脱色特性,并探讨溶液pH值、环境温度、光照射及颗粒物浓度和粒径对脱色效果的影响.实验表明,溶液pH值是影响染料脱色效果的最主要因素,光照对不同染料化合物脱色有不同程度的影响,颗粒物浓度升高及粒径降低有利于染料脱色,温度升高,直接耐晒红F3B脱色率提高,将不同温度下,该染料脱色率随时间的变化按一级反应动力学方程模拟,再依据阿累尼乌斯方程,求得直接耐晒红F3B在天然锰矿界面过程表观活化能为71.7kJ·mol^(-1)由此可以初步推断,在本实验条件下,直接耐晒红F3B在天然锰矿颗粒物界面过程受化学反应所控制.

粘胶毛条的活性染料原位矿化染色

采用原位矿化染色新技术对粘胶毛条进行活性染料染色。与传统染色工艺相比,粘胶毛条原位矿化染色新技术,可使染色用水减少66.67%,染色废水CODCr降低67.42%,染色废水BOD5降低60%,染色废水中残余苯胺类化合物降低72.62%,染色废水色度降低95.10%,减少工业蒸汽用量45.42%。采用该染色新技术无需对加工设备进行任何改动,染色加工综合成本明显低于传统染色加工成本。该染色新技术已在生产中推广应用,其深度节水、减排和节能效应十分明显,为粘胶毛条活性染料染色加工提供了一条新的途径。

偶氮染料刚果红在水中的光催化降解过程

通过研究在间歇悬浮体系中直接偶氮染料刚果红在水中的光催化降解过程 ,确定了最佳降解条件 .同时测定了染料溶液的脱色率、COD去除率和矿化率以考察降解过程中脱色与矿化的关系 .另外 ,对降解过程中溶液 pH值的变化及反应的可能中间体进行分析 ,结果表明 :刚果红染料分子的光催化降解过程分为脱色和矿化两个阶段 .矿化主要发生在脱色结束以后 ,并且伴随着脱色溶液的酸化现象 .脱色过程进行较快 ,完全脱色后形成的中间产物需要较长时间才能被逐步矿化 .

山羊绒原位矿化染色技术应用研究

为保证染色产品质量,传统山羊绒活性染料染色工艺需要繁琐的后处理,用水量及排污量大。采用Lanosol CE系列染料,同时对山羊绒散纤维进行传统工艺和原位矿化工艺染色加工,对比研究不同染色工艺产品的颜色、色牢度、纺纱性能等品质以及染色能耗、排污情况。结果表明,原位矿化工艺染品的颜色与传统工艺染品接近,色牢度与传统工艺染品相当,纺纱性能优于传统工艺染品,残液色度降低79%,COD_(cr)值降低83%,染色节水80%,染色时间节约11%,用电量节约11%,蒸汽耗用量节约58%,染色效率提高,加工成本显著降低。