Solidification/stabilization of Dewatered Sludge with Multi-Component Solidifying Agents

This work experimentally examined the optimal proportioning of sludge curing agent for dewatered sludge curing on solidified sludge,two components sludge curing agent consisted of cement and slag,and three components consisted of cement,slag and inorganic salt. The results showed that,increasing of curing ages could increase unconfined compressive strength and reduce moisture content for solidified sludge. For the test of two components,the biggest unconfined compressive strength of the solidified sludge achieved to 543. 72 kPa and the minimum moisture content achieved to 3. 56% of 21 d. The optimum proportion of the sludge curing agent of two components is sludge: cement: slag = 1 ∶ 0. 05 ∶ 0. 2 which selected by Design-expert. It could rapidly increasing the unconfined compressive strength of solidified sludge when added three components sludge curing agent( sludge: cement: slag: MgSO4= 1 ∶ 0. 05 ∶ 0. 2 ∶ 0. 03) on sludge curing. The results showed that,curing ages of 7 d,the unconfined compressive strength could achieve to 126. 74 kPa,which was more than 11 times comparison with the solidified sludge curing by two components curing agent. Two or three components sludge curing agent all could stabilize the heavy metals on solidified sludge and the leaching of heavy metals was below the government standard,while the stability of the heavy metals was superior for three components sludge curing agent.

Solidification Efficiency and Mechanism of Conventional Curing Agents for Sewage Sludge Stabilization and Dewatering

One of the challenges faced by sewage sludge treatment and disposal is its higher water content,and how to efficient dewater those hazardous materials properly is welcome in practice. This study stabilized the sewage sludge via the using of conventional curing agents and calcined aluminum salts,and the corresponding dewatering mechanisms and structural changes of the stabilized sludge were further comparable analyzed.Experimental results showed that wollastonite and kaolin exhibit a relative higher dewatering efficiency as compared to other conventional curing agents; however the releasing rate of heavy metals of Cu,Cr,Ni for kaolin solidification and Zn,Pb for wollastonite solidification is higher than the sludge samples solidified by other curing agents. For comparison,the sludge samples solidified by calcined aluminum salts (AS),calcium ash,Mg-based curing agent,tricalcium aluminate( C_3A) show a lower heavy metals leaching potential and unconfined compressive strength. In addition,the economic characteristics and local availability of AS,calcium ash,C_3A and CaO makes it have a broad prospect in extension and application. These findings are of great significance for stabilization and dewatering of sewage sludge.

Analysis of the Solidification Reaction in Solidified Sludge Matrices Based on Water Content

[ Objective ] The study aimed at analyzing the solidification reaction in solidified sludge matrices through the variation of water content. [ Method] Firstly, the original sludge was solidified by different masses of cement and dry stone powder, then according to the changes of water content in the solidified sludge matrices, we discussed the effects of various cement and dry stone powder masses on the solidification reaction in the solidified sludge matrices at different time. [Result ] In the solidified sludge matrices, water content decreased with reaction time, and the larger the solidifying agents＇ mass, the lower the water content. The solidification reaction occurred mainly in the first seven days according to the changes of water content, and relative water content increased with reaction time. In addition, the solidification reaction was accelerated due to the increase of the solidifying agents＇ mass, and the types of solidifying agent had an important effect on the solidification reaction. [Condusion] The variation of water content could reflect the extent of solidification reaction, and the forecasting formula of the solidification reaction based on the relative water content is suitable for solidified sludge and other polluted soils.

Engineering and microstructure properties of contaminated marine sediments solidified by high content of incinerated sewage sludge ash

Management of incinerated sewage sludge ash(ISSA)and dredged contaminated marine sediments(CMSs)is a great challenge for Hong Kong and other coastal cities due to limited landfilling capacity.The present study investigates the use of high content(20%of sediment by mass)of ISSA in combination with cement/lime for solidification/stabilization(S/S)treatment of CMSs to provide a way to reuse the wastes as construction materials.The results showed that ISSA being a porous material was able to absorb a large amount of water rendering a more efficient solidification process of the marine sediment which normally had a very high water content(w80%).The S/S treatment improved the engineering properties of the sediment,but reduced the workability,especially for the lime-treated samples.Lime can be used to replace ordinary Portland cement(OPC)for better heavy metal immobilization and carbon emission reduction.The hardened sediment samples prepared with 10%of lime and 20%of ISSA could attain a strength of 1.6 MPa after 28 d of curing.In addition,leaching tests confirmed that there was no environmental risk induced by these stabilized materials.The formation of hydrated cementitious compounds including calcium silicate hydrate(CeSeH)/calcium aluminate silicate hydrate(C-A-S-H)/hydrocalumite/calcite was mainly responsible for the strength development in the ISSA/lime-treated sediments.

Evaluation of In-situ Sludge Reduction and Enhanced Nutrient Removal in an Integrated Repeatedly Coupling Aerobic and Anaerobic and Oxic-setting-anaerobic System

Aiming to achieve simultaneous good performances of in-situ sludge reduction and effluent quality,an integrated repeatedly coupling aerobic and anaerobic and oxic-setting-anaerobic system( r CAA + OSA) is developed to reduce sludge production and enhance nutrient removal. Considering the mechanism of in-situ sludge reduction in this r CAA +OSA system,the combined effect of energy uncoupling metabolism and sludge cryptic growth maybe attributed to the higher reduction of biomass. Results show that the maximal sludge reduction in this r CAA + OSA system is obtained when the hydraulic retention time( HRT) is controlled at6. 5 h,which an increase in 16. 67% reduction in excess sludge is achieved compared with OSA system( HRT of 6. 5 h). When compared the performances of effluent qualities,the enhanced nutrient removal efficiencies also can be observed in this r CAA + OSA system. Three-dimensional excitation emission matrix( 3D-EEM)fluorescence spectroscopy is applied to characterize the effluent organic matters( Ef OM) under different HRTs in the OSA and the r CAA+OSA systems. Analyses of 3D-EEM spectra show that more refractory humic-like and fulvic-like components are observed in the effluent of the OSA system. On the basis of these results,simultaneous enhanced in-situ sludge reduction and improved nutrient removal can be obtained in the r CAA +OSA systems.

Production of the C/TiO_(2)composite with a high-performance electrochemical property from titanium-rich sludge via in-situ C coating

Resource recycling from waste-water and sludge is an important part of the 14th Five-Year Plan in China.The emerging titanium-based coagulants have drawn growing attentions due to their strong coagulation capability in water purification and value-added Ti-loaded sludge production.Management and recovery of the high value-added sludge into functional nanomaterials is highly significant for both sludge reduction and environmental remediation.The present study was carried out to investigate the recycle of the coagulated Ti-loaded sludge to produce functional C/TiO_(2)composites as the anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).It is the first time that the application of the Ti-loaded wastewater sludge derived C/TiO_(2)was evaluated for LIBs.The experimental results showed that the carbon coating through in-situ carbonization of the sludge produced the C/TiO_(2)composites with a high specific surface area,stable structural integrity,and excellent electrochemical properties that would facilitate Li+diffusion in long-term LIBs usage.The C/TiO_(2)composites calcinated from the polytitanium sulfate-coagulated sludge at 800℃(N_(2))exhibited the best electrochemical performance during the cycling tests(601 m Ah/g at 100 m A/g after 200 cycles).The research work demonstrates the promising prospect of the recycle and value-added utilization of the Ti-loaded sludge in the production of high-performance C/TiO_(2)composites for energy storage applications.This study provides a new way for the management and reuse of Ti-loaded waste-sludge.

In-situ sludge reduction based on Mn^(2+)-catalytic ozonation conditioning:Feasibility study and microbial mechanisms

To improve the sludge conditioning efficiency without increasing the ozone dose,an in-situ sludge reduction process based on Mn^(2+)-catalytic ozonation conditioning was proposed.Using ozone conditioning alone as a control,a lab-scale sequencing batch reactor coupled with ozonated sludge recycle was evaluated for its operating performance at an ozone dose of 75 mg O_(3)/g VSS and 1.5 mmol/L Mn^(2+)addition.The results showed a 39.4%reduction in MLSS and an observed sludge yield of 0.236 kg MLSS/kg COD for the O_(3)+Mn^(2+)group compared to the O_(3)group (15.3%and 0.292 kg MLSS/kg COD),accompanied by better COD,NH_(4)^(+)-N,TN and TP removal,improved effluent SS and limited impact on excess sludge properties.Subsequently,activity tests,BIOLOG ECO microplates and 16S rRNA sequencing were applied to elucidate the changing mechanisms of Mn^(2+)-catalytic ozonation related to microbial action:(1) Dehydrogenase activity reached a higher peak.(2) Microbial utilization of total carbon sources had an elevated effect,up to approximately 18%,and metabolic levels of six carbon sources were also increased,especially for sugars and amino acids most pronounced.(3) The abundance of Defluviicoccus under the phylum Proteobacteria was enhanced to 12.0%and dominated in the sludge,they had strong hydrolytic activity and metabolic capacity.Denitrifying bacteria of the genus Ferruginibacter also showed an abundance of 7.6%,they contributed to the solubilization and reduction of sludge biomass.These results could guide researchers to further reduce ozonation conditioning costs,improve sludge management and provide theoretical support.

A review of solid-state lithium metal batteries through in-situ solidification

High-energy-density lithium metal batteries are the next-generation battery systems of choice,and replacing the flammable liquid electrolyte with a polymer solid-state electrolyte is a prominent conduct towards realizing the goal of high-safety and high-specific-energy devices.Unfortunately,the inherent intractable problems of poor solid-solid contacts between the electrode/electrolyte and the growth of Li dendrites hinder their practical applications.The in-situ solidification has demonstrated a variety of advantages in the application of polymer electrolytes and artificial interphase,including the design of integrated polymer electrolytes and asymmetric polymer electrolytes to enhance the compatibility of solid–solid contact and compatibility between various electrolytes,and the construction of artificial interphase between the Li anode and cathode to suppress the formation of Li dendrites and to enhance the high-voltage stability of polymer electrolytes.This review firstly elaborates the history of in-situ solidification for solid-state batteries,and then focuses on the synthetic methods of solidified electrolytes.Furthermore,the recent progress of in-situ solidification technology from both the design of polymer electrolytes and the construction of artificial interphase is summarized,and the importance of in-situ solidification technology in enhancing safety is emphasized.Finally,prospects,emerging challenges,and practical applications of in-situ solidification are envisioned.

The Application and Prospect of Stabilization/Solidification Technology for Hazardous Waste in China

The number of hazardous waste in our country increased dramatically in recent years,stabilization/solidification technology begins to attract a wide spread attention by domestic scholars.Based on the domestic related literature,this paper discussed the present situation about the treatment of the solid waste using stabilization/solidification technology;meanwhile we have a variety of outlooks on the future of the stabilization/solidification technology.

The Application and Prospect of Stabilization/Solidification Technology for Hazardous Waste in China

The number of hazardous waste in our country increased dramatically in recent years,stabilization/solidification technology begins to attract a wide spread attention by domestic scholars.Based on the domestic related literature,this paper discussed the present situation about the treatment of the solid waste using stabilization/solidification technology;meanwhile we have a variety of outlooks on the future of the stabilization/solidification technology.

工业废渣固化淤泥力学特性及微观机理研究

目的针对大宗固废难以消化、疏浚淤泥处理困难、传统水泥固化淤泥不符合新发展理念等问题,采用钢渣、石灰和脱硫石膏制备环保型复合固化剂,应用在淤泥质土固化处理领域,以达到“以废治废”的目的。方法对固化淤泥土开展无侧限抗压强度、pH、扫描电镜等试验及其固化机理探究。结果复合固化剂最优配比为钢渣5%、石灰9%、脱硫石膏6%,龄期28d时固化土的强度高达1.657MPa,略低于同掺量龄期的水泥固化淤泥土,但延性有显著提高。碱性环境主要由石灰提供,pH阈值约为13,当pH值约12~13时最有利于水化反应的进行。微观特性分析表明,AFt与C-S-H为固化土提供骨架结构作用,填充颗粒孔隙,使其形成更加致密的网状结构,显著提高了淤泥固化土的宏观力学特性。结论此环保型复合固化剂可以固化淤泥土用于建筑回填和路基填土,能有效提高淤泥的资源化利用率。

改良垃圾焚烧底渣固化疏浚淤泥性能试验研究

基于以废治废理念,提出了用改良垃圾焚烧底渣固化疏浚淤泥的新思路,并开展了室内试验研究,测定了固化淤泥试样的含水率、无侧限抗压强度及抗剪强度指标。试验结果表明:垃圾焚烧底渣磨细粉和未研磨的原渣按1∶1比例混合时,具有最优的固化性能;在最优混合比条件下,固化淤泥的无侧限抗压强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角均随龄期和改良垃圾焚烧底渣掺入比的增加而增大,含水率则相反;当改良垃圾焚烧底渣掺入比为35%时,固化淤泥28 d无侧限抗压强度达到了58.4 kPa,含水率由67.4%降至38.0%,采用改良垃圾焚烧底渣固化疏浚淤泥是可行的。

16m级盾构始发筑岛围堰湖相淤泥原位固化试验研究

为满足城市内湖筑岛围堰内超大直径盾构始发作业需求,依托武汉两湖隧道(南湖段)PPP项目3标围堰淤泥固化工程,开展湖相淤泥固化剂适配性试验,探究固化剂成分配比、固化剂质量分数、喷搅工艺及浮淤对固化效果的影响;通过轻型动力触探试验、固化翻浆层厚度测试明晰淤泥固化效果,以获取最佳固化剂质量分数及固化工艺。试验研究表明:1)通过固化剂适配性试验、现场原位固化试验可知,湖相淤泥采用原位固化工艺是可行的,能满足施工承载力等指标要求;2)针对南湖湖相淤泥,考虑固化土强度及均匀性,选取m_(水泥)∶m_(工业废渣)=6∶4、固化外加剂质量分数为1‰及固化剂质量分数为10.5%的固化剂处理效果较好;3)采用“4搅4喷”固化工艺,可以减少翻浆浪费,且可以均匀加固淤泥地层。通过评估不同工况下筑岛围堰内试验田淤泥固化效果,提出了最佳固化剂质量分数及固化工艺,解决了淤泥固化强度不足、均匀性不良等质量问题。

吹填淤泥土的双掺固化和配比优化试验研究

为了研究水泥和氧化钙双掺固化改良吹填淤泥土的最优配比,该文基于正交试验开展了双掺固化土的改性分析,最后通过模糊综合评价法对各配比方案进行了量化优选。结果表明:①同等比例掺入条件下(掺入量1.0%~4.0%),最优含水率与掺入量呈正线性相关,而最大干密度呈负线性相关;非同等比例下,规律不甚明显,但是相对水泥来说,氧化钙的减水效果要优于水泥的效果;②试样的无侧限抗压强度受水泥和氧化钙相对比例影响,等比例掺入时呈正相关,但总体上水泥在双掺固化土强度增长过程中起主要作用;③采用模糊综合评价法,综合考虑项目固化施工成本、抗压强度、击实特性等多种因素认为山东玉龙岛炼化项目吹填淤泥的最优配合比方案是采用2.0%水泥+1.5%氧化钙双固化,此时试样的最优含水率为23.3%,最大干密度为1.68 g/cm^(3),无侧限抗压强度为440 kPa。

工业固废碳化固化淤泥的力学性能及机理研究

为改善淤泥的力学特性,提高其抗变形能力,采用电石渣、粉煤灰与矿渣作为环保固化剂,联合CO_(2)碳化固化淤泥。通过加速碳化试验、无侧限抗压强度试验、X射线衍射(XRD)和电镜扫描(SEM),对比分析不同固化剂掺量、碳化时间、碳化深度对试样力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明:碳化6 h试样抗压强度得到明显提升,提升幅度为16%~25%;试样强度随着碳化时间先增加后减小,最佳碳化时间为6 h左右;碳化6 h后的pH值从11~14降低到10~12;固化淤泥碳化深度与碳化时间的平方根近似为线性关系;碳化后试样破坏,应变基本不变,但峰值应力明显增大,碳化试样变形模量高于未碳化试样;工业固废碳化固化淤泥试样所生成的水化产物为CaCO_(3)晶体,以针状的文石和方形的方解石形式存在,共同构建土体内部骨架,形成非常密实的交叉体系。

Solidification behaviour and hot cracking susceptibility of a novel Ni-based superalloy

A novel Ni-based superalloy GH4151,with a γ′ volume fraction of about 55%and a service temperature capability up to 8oo oC,was investigated.Due to the different cooling conditions of various regions during the solidification of ingots,significant cooling rate variations may lead to the occurrence of hot cracking.Conventional scanning laser microscope was utilised to investigate the solidification process and phase precipitation behaviour of the GH4151 under wide range cooling rates.The characteristics of L→γ transformation were analysed,and the growth rates of at each stage were calculated.The segregation behaviour was predicted using the Scheil equation,and the predicted results match well with the experimental results.The sensitivity coefficient for hot cracking was modified,and cracking sensitivity coefficient values for the alloy under different cooling rates were computed,revealing that the alloy is most susceptible to hot cracking at 10℃/min cooling rate.Therefore,controlling the cooling rate can reduce the possibility of hot cracking in ingot.

水玻璃基淤泥固化土力学性质试验研究

为解决淤泥固化及其资源化利用的问题,以宁波地区淤泥为研究对象,利用水玻璃基淤泥固化剂制备固化土,通过室内试验、固化机理分析和现场试验研究固化土的力学性质。室内试验给出了无侧限抗压强度和压缩模量随固化剂掺入比改变的规律,并指出存在最佳掺入比为7%;固化机理分析表明随着固化剂掺入比增加,固化土颗粒由鳞片状或条块状向团块状变化,团块体积呈增大趋势,固化土孔隙率小幅增大,中值孔径亦小幅增大,固化土由黏性土向粉土化转变;现场试验取心土样无侧限抗压强度约为室内试验值的70%。结果表明,水玻璃基淤泥固化剂加固淤泥土方案切实可行。