The iron tailings of Bayan Obo mines are solid waste,which occupies land area and also causes environmental pollution;however,this waste can be recycled.In this study,based on the characteristics of iron minerals and ...The iron tailings of Bayan Obo mines are solid waste,which occupies land area and also causes environmental pollution;however,this waste can be recycled.In this study,based on the characteristics of iron minerals and fluorocarbonate contained in Bayan Obo iron tailings,clean magnetization roasting of iron minerals by bastnaesite from iron tailings during in-situ suspension magnetization roasting in a neutral atmosphere was explored.The results show that for iron tailings with a mass of 12 g,a N_(2) gas flow rate of 600 mL/min,and roasting for 5 min at 800℃,iron concentrate with a 60.44%iron grade at an iron recovery of 76.04%could be obtained.X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the weak magnetic hematite was reduced to strong magnetic magnetite in the neutral atmosphere,without additional reductant.The kinetics of the magnetization roasting of mineral mixtures(bastnaesite and hematite)in a neutral atmosphere showed that the optimal reaction mechanism function was the three-dimensional diffusion model with activation energy of 161.8838 kJ·mol^(-1);this indicates that the reaction was a heterogeneous,diffusion-controlled solid-state reaction.展开更多
In-situ study on eleven commercially important species viz; Adiantum capillus-veneris L, Bergenia ciliata (Haw) Sternb, Colchicum luteum Baker, Polygonum amplexicaule D.Den, Cuminum cyminum L, Dioscorea deltoidea Wall...In-situ study on eleven commercially important species viz; Adiantum capillus-veneris L, Bergenia ciliata (Haw) Sternb, Colchicum luteum Baker, Polygonum amplexicaule D.Den, Cuminum cyminum L, Dioscorea deltoidea Wall Kunth,L Morchella esculenta L, Paeonia emodi Wall ex H Kf, Podophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Chatt & Mukh, Valeriana wallichii DC and Viola serpens Wall ex Roxb was conducted in four locations viz; Malam (1 400 to 2 000?m),Bargin (1 700 to 2 300?m),Biakand (1 500 to 2 100?m) and Shinko (2 100 to 2 700?m).The data was recorded from both protected and unprotected sites of each site.Each site had 3 altitudinal sampling point.The density, herbage coverage and fresh biomass were determined in each locations for every species.All the investigated parameters generally showed an increase of 3 to 6 times over unprotected sites in each locations. Morchella esculenta,Dioscorea deltoidea,Colchicum luteum and Podophyllum hexandrum were absent in all unprotected sites while other species had low values in these sites.The investigated parameters of Colchicum luteum,Bergenia ciliata,Paeonioa emodi,Dioscorea deltoidea and Podophyllum hexandrum generally increased with the increasing elevation.Soil analysis,soil and air temperatures were recorded for each site.The air and soil temperature were slightly higher in open areas than in the protected site and showed decrease with increasing elevation.While the soil fertility was relatively high in protected sites as compared to unprotected area.The study shows that protection promotes the growth, distribution and occurrence of medicinal plants.It is possible with the participation of local communities to conserve these resources.展开更多
The optical limiting properties of the mixed liquid of carbon black suspensions （CBS） and green tea solution were studied by using an 8 ns laser pulse at 532 nm. The optical limiting effects of the CBS and mixed liq...The optical limiting properties of the mixed liquid of carbon black suspensions （CBS） and green tea solution were studied by using an 8 ns laser pulse at 532 nm. The optical limiting effects of the CBS and mixed liquid have been compared between 5 and 10 Hz repetition frequencies with nanosecond laser pulse. The experimental results indicate that the optical limiting threshold of the sample with the incidence laser at 10 Hz repetition frequency is lower than at 5 Hz repetition frequency. The possible reasons for the influence of the repetition frequency on the samples are discussed. And by observing the optical radiant distributions when the laser pulse passing through different samples, a possible mechanism for the observed effects is suggested. At the same time, the result shows that the optical limiting of CBS is the dominant factor to optical limiting of the mixed liquid.展开更多
Traditional coal mining and utilisation patterns are severely detrimental to natural resources and environments and significantly impede safe, low-carbon, clean, and sustainable utilisation of coal resources. Based on...Traditional coal mining and utilisation patterns are severely detrimental to natural resources and environments and significantly impede safe, low-carbon, clean, and sustainable utilisation of coal resources. Based on the idea of in situ fluidized coal mining that aims to transform solid coal into liquid or gas and transports the fluidized resources to the ground to ensure safe mining and low-carbon and clean utilisation, in this study, we report on a novel in situ unmanned automatic mining method. This includes a flexible, earthworm-like unmanned automatic mining machine (UAMM) and a coal mine layout for in situ fluidized coal mining suitable for the UAMM. The technological and economic advantages and the carbon emission reduction of the UAMM-based in situ fluidized mining in contrast to traditional mining technologies are evaluated as well. The development trends and possible challenges to this design are also discussed. It is estimated that the proposed method costs approximately 49% of traditional coal mining costs. The UAMM-based in situ fluidized mining and transformation method will reduce CO2 emissions by at least 94.9% compared to traditional coal mining and utilisation methods. The proposed approach is expected to achieve safe and environmentally friendly coal mining as well as lowcarbon and clean utilisation of coal.展开更多
Oleic acid surface-modified Cu nanoparticles with an average size of 20 nm were prepared by liquid phase reducing reaction. The tribological performance and mechanism of nanocopper as additive were studied by means of...Oleic acid surface-modified Cu nanoparticles with an average size of 20 nm were prepared by liquid phase reducing reaction. The tribological performance and mechanism of nanocopper as additive were studied by means of tribotester, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and nanoindentation instrument. The results indicate that the modified nanocopper additive can significantly improve the wear resistance and reduce friction coefficient of base oil. A copper protective film is formed and contributes to the excellent tribological properties of nanocopper additive. On the basis of the film forming mechanism, a new in-situ repair method was designed and used to repair wear-out-failure injection pump plunger and barrel. Furthermore, the current research progress of nanoparticles as green energy-saving lubricating oil additives were presented.展开更多
为研究爆炸荷载作用下涂覆聚脲混凝土自锚式悬索桥主梁的抗爆防护效果,以山东湖南路大桥为背景,通过试验和数值模拟结合的方法对自锚式悬索桥主梁的爆炸破坏特征和动力响应进行研究。采用2发3 kg TNT和1发5 kg TNT药柱,开展1∶3缩尺节...为研究爆炸荷载作用下涂覆聚脲混凝土自锚式悬索桥主梁的抗爆防护效果,以山东湖南路大桥为背景,通过试验和数值模拟结合的方法对自锚式悬索桥主梁的爆炸破坏特征和动力响应进行研究。采用2发3 kg TNT和1发5 kg TNT药柱,开展1∶3缩尺节段箱梁试件的2发单次爆炸试验和1发重复爆炸试验,分别编号为G(未涂覆聚脲箱梁)、PCG(涂覆聚脲箱梁首次起爆)、PCGR(涂覆聚脲箱梁二次起爆),试件顶面涂覆聚脲厚度为1.5 mm。通过LS-DYNA软件进行试件爆炸响应数值模拟及验证。研究结果表明,聚脲涂层可有效增强混凝土箱梁的抗爆性能,3 kg TNT在中间箱室上方0.4 m处首次起爆时,试件G中间箱室顶板形成贯穿性椭圆形破洞;试件PCG中间箱室顶板未贯穿,仅发生轻微的局部凹陷;5 kg TNT二次起爆后,试件PCGR中间箱室顶板出现近似圆形贯穿性破洞,1号和3号箱室在支撑处出现明显裂缝。涂覆聚脲后自锚式悬索桥主梁抗爆性能得到至少20%的提升,300 kg、500 kg、800 kg、1000 kg TNT当量作用下,未涂覆聚脲主梁顶板混凝土均出现贯穿性破洞;涂覆聚脲后仅在TNT当量为1000 kg时发生轻微贯穿。展开更多
为提升商用车的行驶安全性,本文基于触摸屏式新型人机交互系统,对商用车电控空气悬架(electronically controlled air suspension,ECAS)系统的故障诊断系统进行研究。针对ECAS故障诊断系统总体架构,提出了ECAS故障诊断及故障保护机制,...为提升商用车的行驶安全性,本文基于触摸屏式新型人机交互系统,对商用车电控空气悬架(electronically controlled air suspension,ECAS)系统的故障诊断系统进行研究。针对ECAS故障诊断系统总体架构,提出了ECAS故障诊断及故障保护机制,阐述了典型ECAS故障实例的诊断策略,并采用Matlab/Simulink搭建了诊断策略模型和故障码生成模型。为验证本文所提出的故障诊断及故障保护机制的可行性与实用性,以ECAS系统中压力传感器为例,对模型进行仿真分析和硬件在环试验。试验结果表明,在典型压力传感器故障工况下,本文所提出的ECAS故障诊断及故障保护机制,能够准确检测出相应故障,正确输出一系列相关信号,并在人机交互系统上将诊断结果进行实时显示。该研究对商用车ECAS人机交互系统的故障诊断系统设计开发具有一定的参考价值。展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52174242)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.180115008)the Fund of the Research Fund Program of State Key Laboratory of Rare Metals Separation and Comprehensive Utilization(No.GK-201804)。
文摘The iron tailings of Bayan Obo mines are solid waste,which occupies land area and also causes environmental pollution;however,this waste can be recycled.In this study,based on the characteristics of iron minerals and fluorocarbonate contained in Bayan Obo iron tailings,clean magnetization roasting of iron minerals by bastnaesite from iron tailings during in-situ suspension magnetization roasting in a neutral atmosphere was explored.The results show that for iron tailings with a mass of 12 g,a N_(2) gas flow rate of 600 mL/min,and roasting for 5 min at 800℃,iron concentrate with a 60.44%iron grade at an iron recovery of 76.04%could be obtained.X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the weak magnetic hematite was reduced to strong magnetic magnetite in the neutral atmosphere,without additional reductant.The kinetics of the magnetization roasting of mineral mixtures(bastnaesite and hematite)in a neutral atmosphere showed that the optimal reaction mechanism function was the three-dimensional diffusion model with activation energy of 161.8838 kJ·mol^(-1);this indicates that the reaction was a heterogeneous,diffusion-controlled solid-state reaction.
文摘In-situ study on eleven commercially important species viz; Adiantum capillus-veneris L, Bergenia ciliata (Haw) Sternb, Colchicum luteum Baker, Polygonum amplexicaule D.Den, Cuminum cyminum L, Dioscorea deltoidea Wall Kunth,L Morchella esculenta L, Paeonia emodi Wall ex H Kf, Podophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Chatt & Mukh, Valeriana wallichii DC and Viola serpens Wall ex Roxb was conducted in four locations viz; Malam (1 400 to 2 000?m),Bargin (1 700 to 2 300?m),Biakand (1 500 to 2 100?m) and Shinko (2 100 to 2 700?m).The data was recorded from both protected and unprotected sites of each site.Each site had 3 altitudinal sampling point.The density, herbage coverage and fresh biomass were determined in each locations for every species.All the investigated parameters generally showed an increase of 3 to 6 times over unprotected sites in each locations. Morchella esculenta,Dioscorea deltoidea,Colchicum luteum and Podophyllum hexandrum were absent in all unprotected sites while other species had low values in these sites.The investigated parameters of Colchicum luteum,Bergenia ciliata,Paeonioa emodi,Dioscorea deltoidea and Podophyllum hexandrum generally increased with the increasing elevation.Soil analysis,soil and air temperatures were recorded for each site.The air and soil temperature were slightly higher in open areas than in the protected site and showed decrease with increasing elevation.While the soil fertility was relatively high in protected sites as compared to unprotected area.The study shows that protection promotes the growth, distribution and occurrence of medicinal plants.It is possible with the participation of local communities to conserve these resources.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China (Grant No 20060400418)the Key Scientific Research Foundation of the Ordnance Engineering College,China (Grant No YJJXM05002)
文摘The optical limiting properties of the mixed liquid of carbon black suspensions （CBS） and green tea solution were studied by using an 8 ns laser pulse at 532 nm. The optical limiting effects of the CBS and mixed liquid have been compared between 5 and 10 Hz repetition frequencies with nanosecond laser pulse. The experimental results indicate that the optical limiting threshold of the sample with the incidence laser at 10 Hz repetition frequency is lower than at 5 Hz repetition frequency. The possible reasons for the influence of the repetition frequency on the samples are discussed. And by observing the optical radiant distributions when the laser pulse passing through different samples, a possible mechanism for the observed effects is suggested. At the same time, the result shows that the optical limiting of CBS is the dominant factor to optical limiting of the mixed liquid.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by the State Key Research Development Program of China (Grant Number 2016YFC0600705)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Numbers 51674251, 51727807, and 51374213)+1 种基金the National Major Project for Science and Technology (Grant Number 2017ZX05049003-006)and the Innovation Teams of Ten-thousand Talents Program sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant Number 2016RA4067).
文摘Traditional coal mining and utilisation patterns are severely detrimental to natural resources and environments and significantly impede safe, low-carbon, clean, and sustainable utilisation of coal resources. Based on the idea of in situ fluidized coal mining that aims to transform solid coal into liquid or gas and transports the fluidized resources to the ground to ensure safe mining and low-carbon and clean utilisation, in this study, we report on a novel in situ unmanned automatic mining method. This includes a flexible, earthworm-like unmanned automatic mining machine (UAMM) and a coal mine layout for in situ fluidized coal mining suitable for the UAMM. The technological and economic advantages and the carbon emission reduction of the UAMM-based in situ fluidized mining in contrast to traditional mining technologies are evaluated as well. The development trends and possible challenges to this design are also discussed. It is estimated that the proposed method costs approximately 49% of traditional coal mining costs. The UAMM-based in situ fluidized mining and transformation method will reduce CO2 emissions by at least 94.9% compared to traditional coal mining and utilisation methods. The proposed approach is expected to achieve safe and environmentally friendly coal mining as well as lowcarbon and clean utilisation of coal.
文摘Oleic acid surface-modified Cu nanoparticles with an average size of 20 nm were prepared by liquid phase reducing reaction. The tribological performance and mechanism of nanocopper as additive were studied by means of tribotester, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and nanoindentation instrument. The results indicate that the modified nanocopper additive can significantly improve the wear resistance and reduce friction coefficient of base oil. A copper protective film is formed and contributes to the excellent tribological properties of nanocopper additive. On the basis of the film forming mechanism, a new in-situ repair method was designed and used to repair wear-out-failure injection pump plunger and barrel. Furthermore, the current research progress of nanoparticles as green energy-saving lubricating oil additives were presented.
文摘为研究爆炸荷载作用下涂覆聚脲混凝土自锚式悬索桥主梁的抗爆防护效果,以山东湖南路大桥为背景,通过试验和数值模拟结合的方法对自锚式悬索桥主梁的爆炸破坏特征和动力响应进行研究。采用2发3 kg TNT和1发5 kg TNT药柱,开展1∶3缩尺节段箱梁试件的2发单次爆炸试验和1发重复爆炸试验,分别编号为G(未涂覆聚脲箱梁)、PCG(涂覆聚脲箱梁首次起爆)、PCGR(涂覆聚脲箱梁二次起爆),试件顶面涂覆聚脲厚度为1.5 mm。通过LS-DYNA软件进行试件爆炸响应数值模拟及验证。研究结果表明,聚脲涂层可有效增强混凝土箱梁的抗爆性能,3 kg TNT在中间箱室上方0.4 m处首次起爆时,试件G中间箱室顶板形成贯穿性椭圆形破洞;试件PCG中间箱室顶板未贯穿,仅发生轻微的局部凹陷;5 kg TNT二次起爆后,试件PCGR中间箱室顶板出现近似圆形贯穿性破洞,1号和3号箱室在支撑处出现明显裂缝。涂覆聚脲后自锚式悬索桥主梁抗爆性能得到至少20%的提升,300 kg、500 kg、800 kg、1000 kg TNT当量作用下,未涂覆聚脲主梁顶板混凝土均出现贯穿性破洞;涂覆聚脲后仅在TNT当量为1000 kg时发生轻微贯穿。
文摘为提升商用车的行驶安全性,本文基于触摸屏式新型人机交互系统,对商用车电控空气悬架(electronically controlled air suspension,ECAS)系统的故障诊断系统进行研究。针对ECAS故障诊断系统总体架构,提出了ECAS故障诊断及故障保护机制,阐述了典型ECAS故障实例的诊断策略,并采用Matlab/Simulink搭建了诊断策略模型和故障码生成模型。为验证本文所提出的故障诊断及故障保护机制的可行性与实用性,以ECAS系统中压力传感器为例,对模型进行仿真分析和硬件在环试验。试验结果表明,在典型压力传感器故障工况下,本文所提出的ECAS故障诊断及故障保护机制,能够准确检测出相应故障,正确输出一系列相关信号,并在人机交互系统上将诊断结果进行实时显示。该研究对商用车ECAS人机交互系统的故障诊断系统设计开发具有一定的参考价值。
