Use of conductivity method for online measurement of alkalinity of caustic washing liquid

In this paper,the online measurement of the alkalinity of caustic washing liquid by the conductivity method was discussed,and a working curve of the conductivity vs.alkalinity was established,for which the correlation coefficient is 0.9979(n=7).The influence of the temperature of the caustic washing liquid and the presence of coexisting ions,such as iron and oil,on the accuracy of the conductivity method was discussed.The temperature is compensated for by establishing the correlation between conductivity and temperature.When the iron concentration is≤1000 mg/L,and the oil concentration is≤1000 mg/L,the deviation in the results obtained using the conductivity and titration methods is≤2.5 g/L.The t-test results show that there is no systematic devia-tion between the conductivity and titration methods.The conductivity method has the advantages of a fast response and good real-time performance,which meet the requirements for the online determination of the alkalinity of caustic washing liquid.

Analysis on method for effective in-situ stress measurement in hot dry rock reservoir

With the rapid increase of energy demand and the increasingly highlighted environmental problems, clean, safe and widely distributed geothermal resources have become a hot spot for renewable resources development. The state of in-situ stress is a major control parameter for multiple links including well location, fracture inspiration and reservoir assessment, so how to determine the accurate state of in-situ stress in the deep thermal reservoir becomes a core problem drawing widely attention and urgent to be solved. Based on features of hot dry rock reservoir in terms of temperature and pressure and the comparison analysis, this article proposes the method of Anelastic Strain Recovery(ASR) as an effective method for determining the state of in-situ stress in the area with HDR resources distributed and explains the availability of ASR method by application examples.

Research of in-situ hydraulic test method by using double packer equipment

Double packer equipment for hydraulic test can be used to measure pressure of test zone directly, and it is frequently used to perform many kinds of hydraulic tests and take groundwater sample from borehole. The test method of this equipment mainly includes the test design, implementation, interpretation and synthetic analysis. By adopting the double packer equipment for hydraulic test, the parameter distribution of rock permeability along borehole can be acquired, as well as the connectivity, water conductivity and water bearing capacity of the disclosed structure and the chemical characteristics of the deep groundwater. It is a necessary method for the research and evaluation of the complex hypotonicity terrace site selection under geological conditions. This method is not only suitable for the geological disposal of high level radioactive waste, but also can be used in the site selection of underground facilities such as storage of petroleum and carbon dioxide. Meanwhile, it has a good application prospect in other hydrogeological investigation fields.

In-situ Characterization of Non-aqueous Nano-dispersion Systems by Freeze-etching TEM and Comparative Study with Laser Scattering Method

In-situ characterization of non-aqueous nano-dispersion systems（NANDS） by freeze-etching transmission electron microscope（FETEM） was reported.To improve just-for-once successive rate of specimen preparation and get good characterization results,an improving specimen preparation method of freezing etching was developed.Size,distribution and morphology of NANDS were directly visualized.Some information of particle dispersion feature and particle density can also be obtained.Reproductivity of the FETEM characterization is excellent.Comparing with laser scattering method,which is liable to give positive error especially for small size particle anchoring disperser,FETEM characterization can give more accurate measurement of particle size.Moreover,FETEM can give dispersion feature of nanoparticle in non-aqueous medium.

In-situ gas contents of a multi-section coal seam in Sydney basin for coal and gas outburst management

The gas content is crucial for evaluating coal and gas outburst potential in underground coal mining. This study focuses on investigating the in-situ coal seam gas content and gas sorption capacity in a representative coal seam with multiple sections (A1, A2, and A3) in the Sydney basin, where the CO_(2) composition exceeds 90%. The fast direct desorption method and associated devices were described in detail and employed to measure the in-situ gas components (Q_(1), Q_(2), and Q_(3)) of the coal seam. The results show that in-situ total gas content (Q_(T)) ranges from 9.48 m^(3)/t for the A2 section to 14.80 m^(3)/t for the A3 section, surpassing the Level 2 outburst threshold limit value, thereby necessitating gas drainage measures. Among the gas components, Q_(2) demonstrates the highest contribution to Q_(T), ranging between 55% and 70%. Furthermore, high-pressure isothermal gas sorption experiments were conducted on coal samples from each seam section to explore their gas sorption capacity. The Langmuir model accurately characterizes CO_(2) sorption behavior, with ft coefcients (R^(2)) greater than 0.99. Strong positive correlations are observed between in-situ gas content and Langmuir volume, as well as between residual gas content (Q_(3)) and sorption hysteresis. Notably, the A3 seam section is proved to have a higher outburst propensity due to its higher Q_(1) and Q_(2) gas contents, lower sorption hysteresis, and reduced coal toughness f value. The insights derived from the study can contribute to the development of efective gas management strategies and enhance the safety and efciency of coal mining operations.

In-situ stress of coal reservoirs in the Zhengzhuang area of the southern Qinshui Basin and its effects on coalbed methane development

In-situ stress is a critical factor influencing the permeability of coal reservoirs and the production capacity of coalbed methane(CBM)wells.Accurate prediction of in-situ stress and investigation of its influence on coal reservoir permeability and production capacity are significant for CBM development.This study investigated the CBM development zone in the Zhengzhuang area of the Qinshui Basin.According to the low mechanical strength of coal reservoirs,this study derived a calculation model of the in-situ stress of coal reservoirs based on the multi-loop hydraulic fracturing method and analyzed the impacts of initial fractures on the calculated results.Moreover,by combining the data such as the in-situ stress,permeability,and drainage and recovery data of CBM wells,this study revealed the spatial distribution patterns of the current in-situ stress of the coal reservoirs and discussed the impacts of the insitu stress on the permeability and production capacity.The results are as follows.(1)Under given fracturing pressure,longer initial fractures are associated with higher calculated maximum horizontal principal stress values.Therefore,ignoring the effects of the initial fractures will cause the calculated values of the in-situ stress to be less than the actual values.(2)As the burial depth increases,the fracturing pressure,closure pressure,and the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress of the coal reservoirs in the Zhengzhuang area constantly increase.The average gradients of the maximum and minimum horizontal principal stress are 3.17 MPa/100 m and 2.05 MPa/100 m,respectively.(3)Coal reservoir permeability is significantly controlled by the magnitude and state of the current in-situ stress.The coal reservoir permeability decreases exponentially with an increase in the effective principal stress.Moreover,a low lateral pressure coefficient(less than 1)is associated with minor horizontal compressive effects and high coal reservoir permeability.(4)Under similar conditions,such as resource endowments,CBM well capacity is higher in primary structural coal regions with moderate paleotectonic stress modification,low current in-situ stress,and lateral pressure coefficient of less than 1.

鲢鱼糜漂洗液中不同回收方式肌浆蛋白的结构和功能特性

以鲢鱼糜漂洗废液中的肌浆蛋白为对象,对比分析回收方式对肌浆蛋白的结构和功能特性的影响。结果表明:酸偏移和热处理对肌浆蛋白的巯基向二硫键转化程度、表面疏水性、色氨酸内源荧光光谱强度、溶解性、起泡性的影响较大;通过对肌浆蛋白二级结构分析发现,冷冻干燥和热处理法下β-折叠相对含量较大,等电点沉淀法、酸偏移法和酸偏移耦合壳聚糖絮凝法下无规则卷曲相对含量较大,壳聚糖絮凝法下β-转角相对含量较大,所有回收方式下α-螺旋相对含量均较小,总体上肌浆蛋白二级结构由有序向无序不同程度转化;此外,壳聚糖与肌浆蛋白结合,絮凝产生大分子复合物,而酸偏移导致部分蛋白解聚。不同回收方式下肌浆蛋白结构变化进而影响到功能性质,其中酸偏移耦合壳聚糖絮凝法制备的肌浆蛋白在pH值和壳聚糖双重作用下表面疏水性明显增加,促使乳化性降低;而经冷冻干燥、等电点沉淀法和壳聚糖絮凝回收得到肌浆蛋白的乳化性较大,特别是壳聚糖处理能有效改善肌浆蛋白的乳化性。

基于数据挖掘探讨中药熏洗坐浴治疗肛门病术后肛门水肿的用药规律

目的基于数据挖掘分析中药熏洗坐浴治疗肛门病术后肛门水肿的用药规律。方法分别检索中国知网、万方、维普数据库自建库以来至2022年5月有关中药熏洗、坐浴治疗肛门病术后肛门水肿的文献,将中药处方输入录入Microsoft Excel数据库,进一步筛选后进行药物频数和用药频率统计,以及关联规则、系统聚类、和药物因子分析。结果共纳入处方252首,涉及药物152味,筛选出高频药物35味;用药频次较高的为苦参、黄柏、芒硝;药物功效以清热燥湿、活血化瘀为主;药性以寒、温、微寒为主;药味以苦、辛、甘为主;归经则以肝、心、胃经为主;归纳出关联规则分析出药物组合22条;系统聚类分析得出核心聚类群5个。结论肛门病术后水肿的中医治疗以清热利湿、活血化瘀为基本治则,随证佐以补虚、止血药。

RTO装置火焰温度型分析仪日常维护探讨

针对部分化工企业RTO装置因未在废气收集管道上设置在线分析仪或其维护保养不当而造成生产安全事故的问题,以污水处理含烃废气提标改造项目为例,介绍了RTO装置工艺处理流程,阐述了在线分析仪的选择、火焰温度型分析仪(FTA)启用、零点和量程标定方法及日常维护保养的重点注意事项,为其他相关企业RTO装置日常维护保养工作提供良好借鉴。

棉织物表面色泽类污渍清洗效果影响因素研究

为探究棉织物表面色泽类污渍清洗效果的影响因素,系统探究了洗涤方式、洗涤剂配方对棉织物表面色泽类污渍(红色血渍、棕色药渍)清洗效果的影响。研究发现:对血渍而言,非离子表面活性剂去污能力优于阴离子表面活性剂,复配酶后的十二烷基苯磺酸钠LAS表现最佳;对药渍而言,不论是否复配酶,清洗效果均表现为非离子表面活性剂优于阴离子表面活性剂;实验所用两种污渍均对脂肪酶更加敏感;洗衣机+微纳米气泡的洗涤方式在多种洗涤方式中表现突出,除能高效去污外还能在一定程度上改善染污后受损的织物;最优洗涤剂配方与洗涤方式组合可以高效去除不同色泽污渍并有效改善织物损伤。研究可为洗涤剂研发与洗衣机洗涤模式开发提供理论参考,同时拓宽了污渍洗涤理论。

“益气温经通痹”中药外洗治疗化疗所致周围神经病变经验浅析

化疗所致周围神经病变(chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy,CIPN)的发生率逐年增多,严重影响患者的生存质量及化疗治疗效果。中医药治疗CIPN具有极大的潜力,但缺乏以病机为核心的理论指导。本文从“虚、毒、瘀”角度出发,提出CIPN的病机特点为本虚标实,以气血亏虚为本,毒瘀互结为标,二者互为因果,共同致病;总结其治疗思路重点在于“益气温经通痹”,采用中药外洗的方式治疗CIPN,安全有效,并附验案一则,以期为CIPN的治疗提供新思路。

高纯纳米氧化铁的制备

【目的】改进纳米氧化铁的制备工艺流程,制备高纯纳米氧化铁。【方法】首先,采用重结晶法去除硫酸亚铁中Ca^(2+)、 Mg^(2+)、 Mn^(2+)等杂质离子,采用氟化铵沉淀进一步去除硫酸亚铁中的Ca^(2+)、 Mg^(2+)杂质离子,然后使用过氧化氢氧化法、氨水沉淀法对硫酸亚铁进行沉淀制得羟基氧化铁,接着采用调浆法和超声法洗涤羟基氧化铁制得前驱体,最后焙烧前驱体制得高纯纳米氧化铁;使用仪器和设备分析高纯纳米氧化铁的颗粒形貌、粒径分布和杂质离子的质量浓度。【结果】改进后的制备高纯纳米氧化铁的工艺流程为:将温度为60℃时的饱和硫酸亚铁溶液进行降温,在温度至10℃时实现2次重结晶,将重结晶后的硫酸亚铁配置为pH为6的溶液;在水浴温度为30℃时,氟化铵过量系数设为5以使Ca^(2+)、 Mg^(2+)沉淀,制得纯净硫酸亚铁溶液;利用过氧化氢氧化、氨水沉淀硫酸亚铁溶液制得羟基氧化铁;重复利用调浆洗涤、超声洗涤羟基氧化铁去除铵根离子和硫酸根离子;将沉淀物在温度为600℃时焙烧1 h,制得高纯纳米氧化铁。【结论】由改进的制备方法制得的高纯纳米氧化铁球形颗粒形貌均匀,中位粒径为300 nm,高纯纳米氧化铁中α-Fe_(2)O_(3)的质量分数大于99.95%。

不同黄芪甲苷含量测定法对玉屏风颗粒质量控制的影响

目的:研究参考2020版《中国药典》黄芪项下的加氨提取法测定玉屏风颗粒中黄芪甲苷含量对其质量控制的影响。方法:分别通过加氨提取法和氨洗法对玉屏风颗粒中黄芪甲苷进行含量测定,考察不同测定方法下黄芪甲苷的转移率,并优化加氨提取黄芪甲苷含量测定方法。结果:玉屏风颗粒以加氨提取法测得的黄芪甲苷含量高于氨洗法所测含量,两种方法测得的转移率存在明显差异,优化的黄芪甲苷测定法各方法学考察试验RSD<4%。结论:参考2020版药典的黄芪甲苷测定法适用于玉屏风颗粒,该法具有操作简便、黄芪甲苷转化率高的特点,优于氨洗法,作为玉屏风颗粒的质量控制方法可广泛推广。

基于意义创新理论的年轻化洗护家电创新设计的应用研究

随着时代发展与科技变革,年轻群体逐渐成为消费的主力军。洗护家电行业,也在积极地进行创新与转型,但此环境下出现了一些问题,所以需要引入新的创新方法和理论,构建年轻化生活洗护的新愿景,辅助洗护家电的创新转型。文章引入了意义创新理论,基于意义创新理论进行设计研究,规划并展开调研与设计实践,产出概念并进行推广。以意义创新理论的研究方法为指导,与诠释者进行协作,以由内而外的创新方向去探索年轻人群所期望的生活和洗护新愿景,构建更有突破式创新的年轻化的洗护产品概念方案。

矿区煤中矿物及有害微量元素的洗选脱除方法

介绍了矿区煤中矿物及有害微量元素洗选脱除的必要性和洗选脱除中存在的问题,详细讨论了各种方法在矿区煤中矿物及有害微量元素洗选脱除方面的应用及其优缺点,以期为矿区煤的洗选工作提供参考。

预浸料树脂含量核磁共振测试方法研究

核磁共振法作为一种新型快速检测技术,在预浸料生产过程中可用于对预浸料树脂含量进行快速、准确的检测,对预浸工艺进行及时调整从而提升产品整体质量。目前最广泛使用的预浸料树脂含量测定方法为溶洗法。本文以溶洗法测试结果作为参考,与核磁法测得的树脂含量结果进行对比分析,验证了利用核磁共振原理测试预浸料树脂含量的可行性。

固定式双向体积管清洗效果影响因素研究

本文以长庆油田某油库固定式双向体积管的清洗工作为例,介绍了清洗工艺,并详细剖析了结污情况、清洗介质、设备器具、操作运行四个方面对体积管清洗效果的影响,提出相应建议。通过本次标定容积值较上一次结果的对比,论证了分析的成效,证明了研究的必要性和可靠性。

DDM regression analysis of the in-situ stress field in a non-linear fault zone

A multivariable regression analysis of the in-situ stress field, which considers the non-linear deformation behavior of faults in practical projects, is presented based on a newly developed three-dimensional displacement discontinuity method （DDM） program. The Bar- ton-Bandis model and the Kulhaway model are adopted as the normal and the tangential deformation model of faults, respectively, where the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is satisfied. In practical projects, the values of the mechanical parameters of rock and faults are restricted in a bounded range for in-situ test, and the optimal mechanical parameters are obtained from this range by a loop. Comparing with the traditional finite element method （FEM）, the DDM regression results are more accurate.

In-situ determination of onset lithium plating for safe Li-ion batteries

Lithium plating in working batteries has attracted wide attention in the exploration of safe energy storage. Establishing an effective and rapid early-warning method is strongly considered but quite challenging since lithium plating behavior is determined by diverse factors. In this contribution, we present a non-destructive electrochemical detection method based on transient state analysis and threeelectrode cell configuration. Through dividing the iR drop value by the current density, the as-obtained impedance quantity(R_(i)) can serve as a descriptor to describe the change of electrochemical reaction impedance on the graphite anode. The onset of lithium plating can be identified from the sharp drop of R_(i). Once the dendritic plated lithium occurs, the extra electrochemical reactions at the lithium interfaces leads to growing active area and reduced surface resistance of the anode. We proposed a protocol to operate the batteries under the limited capacity, which renders the cell with 98.2% capacity retention after 1000 cycles without lithium plating. The early-warning method has also been validated in in-situ optical microscopy batteries and practical pouch cells, providing a general but effective method for online lithium plating detection towards safe batteries.

基于Wash-out滤波器技术的机翼颤振控制(英文)

研究应用wash out滤波器技术对具有立方非线性俯仰刚度的二元机翼颤振的控制。首先,确定需要引入Hopf分岔的点,并在该点将原系统方程Jordan化;其次,对于引入的wash out滤波控制器,先按Hopf分岔条件确定线性控制增益,再用规范型直接法得到受控系统的规范型,由分岔类型与规范型系数的关系确定非线性控制增益,从而将原系统的亚临界Hopf分岔变为超临界Hopf分岔;最后通过数值模拟验证了控制的有效性,并发现受控系统的颤振幅值(极限环大小)大大降低。