Intestinal Microecology in Children with Pneumonia: The Relationship Between Digestive Health and Disease Recovery

This paper explores the association between intestinal microecology and digestive health and disease recovery in children with pneumonia.Intestinal microecological imbalance is common in children with pneumonia,which is closely associated with digestive health and disease recovery.Intestinal microecological imbalance may affect digestive enzyme activity,intestinal mucosal barrier function,and nutrient absorption,which in turn affects digestive health.In addition,intestinal microecological imbalances may be associated with immune regulation,inflammatory responses,and pathogen suppression,affecting disease recovery.Strategies to regulate intestinal microecology include probiotic supplementation,dietary modification,and pharmacological treatment.Currently,the study of intestinal microecology in children with pneumonia faces challenges,and there is a need for improved research methods,individualized treatment strategies,and the development of novel probiotics.In conclusion,the intestinal microecology of children with pneumonia is closely related to digestive health and disease recovery,and the regulation of intestinal microecology is of great significance to the treatment of children with pneumonia.Furthermore,future research should further explore the application of the microecology of the intestinal microecology in the treatment of children with pneumonia.

Research progress on the relationship between Paneth cellssusceptibility genes,intestinal microecology and inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a disorder of the immune system and intestinal microecosystem caused by environmental factors in genetically susceptible people.Paneth cells(PCs)play a central role in IBD pathogenesis,especially in Crohn's disease development,and their morphology,number and function are regulated by susceptibility genes.In the intestine,PCs participate in the formation of the stem cell microenvironment by secreting antibacterial particles and play a role in helping maintain the intestinal microecology and intestinal mucosal homeostasis.Moreover,PC proliferation and maturation depend on symbiotic flora in the intestine.This paper describes the interactions among susceptibility genes,PCs and intestinal microecology and their effects on IBD occurrence and development.

Exploring choices of early nutritional support for patients with sepsis based on changes in intestinal microecology

BACKGROUND Sepsis exacerbates intestinal microecological disorders leading to poor prognosis.Proper modalities of nutritional support can improve nutrition,immunity,and intestinal microecology.AIM To identify the optimal modality of early nutritional support for patients with sepsis from the perspective of intestinal microecology.METHODS Thirty patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit of the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University,China,between 2019 and 2021 with indications for nutritional support,were randomly assigned to one of three different modalities of nutritional support for a total of 5 d:Total enteral nutrition(TEN group),total parenteral nutrition(TPN group),and supplemental parenteral nutrition(SPN group).Blood and stool specimens were collected before and after nutritional support,and changes in gut microbiota,short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs),and immune and nutritional indicators were detected and compared among the three groups.RESULTS In comparison with before nutritional support,the three groups after nutritional support presented:(1)Differences in the gut bacteria(Enterococcus increased in the TEN group,Campylobacter decreased in the TPN group,and Dialister decreased in the SPN group;all P<0.05);(2)different trends in SCFAs(the TEN group showed improvement except for Caproic acid,the TPN group showed improvement only for acetic and propionic acid,and the SPN group showed a decreasing trend);(3)significant improvement of the nutritional and immunological indicators in the TEN and SPN groups,while only immunoglobulin G improved in the TPN group(all P<0.05);and(4)a significant correlation was found between the gut bacteria,SCFAs,and nutritional and immunological indicators(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION TEN is recommended as the preferred mode of early nutritional support in sepsis based on clinical nutritional and immunological indicators,as well as changes in intestinal microecology.

Rifaximin in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A New Idea Based on the Relationship between Intestinal Microecology and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Rifaximin in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a common clinical disorder, the most common symptom of which is a burning sensation behind the breastbone (heartburn) or reflux of stomach contents into the upper pharynx (acid reflux). The prevalence in China is increasing year by year, which can affect the quality of life of patients and also increase the economic burden on families and society. The pathogenesis of GERD is still unclear, and some studies suggest that intestinal microecology may be closely related to the development of GERD. Rifaximin is not readily absorbed orally and acts locally in the intestine, so it has mild adverse effects and good safety, and can be used to treat gastrointestinal diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, traveler’s diarrhea, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, diverticulosis, inflammatory bowel disease and hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, this paper focuses on intestinal microecology as a possible pathogenesis of GERD and further explores the feasibility of rifaximin for the treatment of GERD.

Intestinal microecological transplantation for a patient with chronic radiation enteritis:A case report

BACKGROUND The gut microbiota is strongly associated with radiation-induced gut damage.This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of intestinal microecological transplantation for treating patients with chronic radiation enteritis.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old female with cervical cancer developed abdominal pain,diarrhea,and blood in the stool 1 year after radiotherapy.An electronic colonoscopy was performed to diagnose chronic radiation enteritis.Two courses of intestinal microecological transplantation and full-length 16S rRNA microbiological analysis were performed.The patient experienced short-and long-term relief from symptoms without adverse effects.Whole 16S rRNA sequencing revealed significant differences in the intestinal flora’s composition between patient and healthy donors.Pathogenic bacteria,such as Escherichia fergusonii and Romboutsia timonensis,were more in the patient.Beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans,Ruminococcus bromii,and Bifidobacterium longum were more in the healthy donors.Intestinal microbiota transplantation resulted in a significant change in the patient's intestinal flora composition.The composition converged with the donor's flora,with an increase in core beneficial intestinal bacteria,such as Eubacterium rectale,and a decrease in pathogenic bacteria.Changes in the intestinal flora corresponded with the patients'alleviating clinical symptoms.CONCLUSION Intestinal microecological transplantation is an effective treatment for relieving the clinical symptoms of chronic radiation enteritis by altering the composition of the intestinal flora.This study provides a new approach for treating patients with chronic radiation enteritis.

Research progress on the correlation between gestational vaginal microecology and vaginal infectious diseases

The health status of the vaginal microenvironment, a complicated system, is an important indicator of female reproductive health. The vaginal flora is in a state of balance, and the microorganisms coexist and are interdependent to maintain the vaginal micro-ecological balance, which is a kind of dynamic balance influenced by endogenous and exogenous factors. Vaginal infections are traditionally treated by killing microbes in the vagina. Given the extensive study of the internal vaginal environment, people become gradually aware of the significance of maintaining the vaginal micro-ecological balance rather than blindly using antimicrobial agents. The balance in the vaginal internal environment is disrupted during the gestation period as the secretion of progesterone increases. The imbalanced vaginal micro-ecological environment may lead to vaginal infectious diseases. This paper provides a review of the relationship between the vaginal microecology and infectious diseases during gestation period.

Thinking on the Treatment of Lung Cancer by Regulating Lung-Intestinal Axis Microecology by Traditional Chinese Medicine

The intestinal microecological disorder is closely related to the occurrence and development of lung cancer and the treatment response.This paper starts with the relationship between the lungintestinal axis,to discuss the possibility of TCM regulating the target of intestinal microecological treatment of lung cancer,so as to provide new research ideas for TCM treatment of lung cancer.

Analysis of Vagina Microecology and Investigation of Common Infection in Border Area of Chongzuo City

Objective: To investigate the microecology and common infection of the female vagina in border area of Chongzuo City. Methods: Female patients in the outpatient department and inpatient department of gynecology of our hospital from April 1, 2018 to August 23, 2021 were selected as the research objects. The reproductive tract secretions of all patients were examined by microecological examination, morphological examination, chemical analysis and microscopic examination, and the results of various indicators were statistically analyzed to draw relevant conclusions. Results: Among the 1498 women with vaginal micro- ecological imbalances, cleanliness was determined to be 534 cases of degree II, 868 cases of degree III, and 96 cases of degree IV;Nugent scores were 9 - 10 in 9 cases, 8 in 122 cases, 7 in 30 cases, 6 in 18 cases, 5 in 8 cases, 4 in 717 cases, 3 in 248 cases, 2 in 209 cases, 1 in 118 cases, and 0 in 19 cases. AV scores were 8 in 1 case, 7 in 1 case, 6 in 2 cases, 5 in 9 cases, 4 in 84 cases, 3 in 207 cases, 2 in 850 cases, 1 in 284 cases, and 0 in 60 cases. Among the pathogen infections, 99 cases were mycoplasma, 361 cases were candida, 199 cases were bacterial and 8 cases were trichomonas;In chemical analysis, there were 138 cases with pH 5.1, 326 cases with pH 4.8, 775 cases with pH 4.6, 217 cases with pH 4.4, and 42 cases with pH 4.1;meanwhile, 1390 cases were positive for hydrogen peroxide, 505 cases were positive for glucosidase, 487 cases were positive for acetylglucosaminidase, 184 cases were positive for sialidase, 290 cases were positive for proline amino-peptidase, 501 cases were positive for coagulase, and 1064 cases were positive for leukocyte esterase. Conclusion: Female reproductive tract microecology is more complex, and the pathogens of infection are also diverse. A systematic examination can clarify the occurrence and development of the disease, and then provide reliable laboratory data for clinical treatment and guide clinical medication.

饲用微生态制剂的研究进展及应用

近年来,随着“限抗令”的实施,更多的饲用替抗产品被研发并投入使用,微生态制剂即为其中之一。饲用微生态制剂以其维持肠道菌群平衡、提高免疫力等功效跻身饲用替抗产品行列。文中着重论述了微生态制剂的分类、作用机理和在养殖业的应用,为今后的饲料添加剂的研发应用提供理论基础。

香蕉根际微生态及其与枯萎病防治之间的关系

枯萎病严重危害香蕉生产,可致香蕉大幅减产甚至绝收。该病害通过土传、种苗调运等途径进行传播扩散,其病原菌产生的厚垣孢子在土壤中存活的时间长达30年,防治非常困难,是政府、学术界和产业界高度关注的对象之一。为了攻克这一难题,国内外科研工作者及相关从业者进行了广泛而深入的研究。本文从香蕉枯萎病的发生与危害、植物根际微生态及其与土传病害的关系、香蕉根际微生态及其在枯萎病防治中的作用和贡献等方面进行综述,并对其研究趋势进行了展望,以期为后续香蕉根际微生态的深入研究、优良生防资源的挖掘与创新利用及香蕉枯萎病的有效防治提供参考。

炎症性肠病的肠道微生态变化及对策

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是1种慢性疾病,其特征是反复发作的肠道炎症,尽管具体原因尚未完全明确,但普遍认为它是由遗传、免疫系统异常、环境因素和肠道微生物群失衡等多重因素共同作用引起的。这些因素的相互作用可能会导致肠道环境稳态受损,进而影响宿主的免疫,最终触发肠道炎症。综述IBD患者肠道微生物群的变化情况,并探讨相应的治疗对策。

老年慢性阻塞性肺病合并冠状动脉疾病的微生态变化分析

目的分析老年慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)合并冠状动脉疾病(CAD)患者肺部及肠道微生态的变化,并探讨其免疫调控机制。方法选择2022年1—6月四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院(电子科技大学附属医院)老年医学科收治的COPD老年患者为研究对象,其中,COPD组患者20例和COPD合并CAD组患者20例,并选取同期健康老年人群15例作为对照组,检测肺部和肠道样本菌群及外周血炎症因子。结果各组样本间细菌多样性指数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在门水平上,COPD合并CAD组与对照组相比,肺部和肠道菌群中厚壁菌门减少,变形菌门、放线菌门均增多(P<0.05);与COPD组相比,肠道菌群中厚壁菌门减少,放线菌门增多(P<0.05)。在属水平上,COPD合并CAD组的肺部菌群中假单胞菌属增多,链球菌属、韦荣氏菌属、普雷沃氏菌属、放线菌属减少(P<0.05);肠道菌群中埃希氏菌属增多,拟杆菌属、肠球菌属、乳杆菌属减少(P<0.05)。在细胞因子表达水平上,COPD合并CAD组的白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α升高,IL-10降低(P<0.05)。结论COPD合并CAD患者的肺部及肠道微生物菌群数量和构成存在显著差异,表明肺部和肠道微生态失衡及全身炎症反应可能增加COPD患者罹患CAD风险。调节微生物群组成或其代谢物的途径,可能是老年慢性共病的潜在治疗策略。

秸秆还田及磷细菌对土壤微生态及豆角产量的影响

为研究秸秆还田及外源添加磷细菌对土壤微生态及农作物产量的影响,以玉米秸秆和具有解磷能力的恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)为研究对象,通过在设施大棚中栽培豆角,研究了不同处理对土壤和豆角根际解磷类细菌数量、土壤有效磷含量、解磷能力以及豆角产量的影响。研究结果显示,玉米秸秆(处理1)、玉米秸秆+磷细菌(处理2)、磷细菌(处理3)三个处理的土壤中解磷类细菌数量有较大差异,其中处理2数量最高,比对照区高31.89%,差异显著(P<0.05);三个处理均能明显增加豆角根际解磷类细菌数量,差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),其中处理2最高,比对照高86.30%,差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01);三个处理土壤有效磷含量均明显高于对照,差异显著(P<0.05),其中处理2最高,比对照高9.8%;三个处理土壤解磷能力差异较大,处理1和处理2可明显提高土壤解磷能力,分别比对照高50.2%和65.2%,差异极显著(P<0.01);三个处理对豆角均有增产效果,但差异较大,处理2比处理1、处理3产量增加明显,分别增产6.8%、10.3%,差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);处理2比对照增产15.5%,差异达极显著水平(P<0.01)。研究结果表明,玉米秸秆配合外源添加磷细菌恶臭假单胞菌,较单一使用玉米秸秆和磷细菌可显著增加土壤及豆角根际解磷类细菌数量、增加土壤有效磷含量、提高土壤解磷能力、促进豆角增产,说明玉米秸秆和磷细菌有相互促进作用。本研究可为秸秆还田和磷细菌田间施用方法的研究和应用提供参考。

窥阴器辅助不同浓度苯扎氯铵溶液阴道灌洗对妇科良性肿瘤患者阴道微生态的影响

目的 观察窥阴器辅助下不同浓度的苯扎氯铵溶液阴道灌洗对患者阴道微生态的影响,寻求最佳苯扎氯铵阴道灌洗浓度,为临床护理工作提供理论依据。方法 选取我院妇科住院治疗的阴道菌群密度为Ⅲ°~Ⅵ°的90例良性肿瘤患者为研究对象,随机分为试验一组,试验二组,试验三组,每组30例。入院后,给予不同阴道灌洗方案进行阴道灌洗。按照灌洗液苯扎氯铵3种不同浓度(0.02%,0.035%,0.05%)组成3种阴道灌洗方案。在灌洗前和灌洗后24 h分别取患者阴道分泌物进行菌群密度和pH值的检测,并对其进行组内和组间的比较。结果 3组患者阴道灌洗前及灌洗后24 h阴道菌群密度的组内比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组患者阴道灌洗前及灌洗后24 h阴道菌群密度的组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组患者阴道灌洗前及灌洗后24 h阴道pH值的组内比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组患者中阴道灌洗前阴道pH值在3.8~4.5的患者阴道灌洗前及灌洗后24 h阴道pH值的组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 阴道灌洗可以使阴道菌群密度减小,对阴道pH值影响不大,阴道灌洗可以改变阴道微生态环境。不同浓度的苯扎氯铵溶液对阴道菌群密度和pH值的影响差异无统计学意义。苯扎氯铵是一种安全、刺激性小的消毒液。

江门地区女性HPV感染、宫颈病变与阴道微生态的相关性分析

目的探讨广东省江门地区女性生殖道HPV感染、宫颈病变与阴道微生态的相关性,为本地区宫颈病变的防治提供新的依据。方法回顾性分析8067例TCT和HPV检测的女性资料,分析江门地区女性生殖道HPV感染、宫颈病变与阴道微生态的相关性。结果纳入研究的8067例女性,阴道微生态乳酸杆菌少量/无3267例,占40.50%,清洁度异常1323例,占16.40%,细菌性阴道病2237例,占27.73%,念珠菌感染1579例,占19.70%,滴虫感染223例,占2.76%,从相关检验结果显示:女性HPV感染、宫颈病变与阴道微生态(乳酸杆菌、清洁度、细菌性阴道病、滴虫感染)密切相关(P<0.05),但与阴道念珠菌感染差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);结论江门地区女性阴道微生态与HPV感染、宫颈病变密切相关,阴道微生态失衡,优势菌减少,菌群失衡,病原菌侵入,清洁度异常,增加HPV感染和宫颈病变发生的风险,因此,HPV感染、宫颈病变的预防可从改善女性阴道微生态入手。

复合微生态制剂对肉羊生长性能、屠宰性能和免疫功能的影响

试验旨在研究复合微生态制剂对肉羊生长性能、屠宰性能和机体免疫功能的影响。选取体重相近的杜寒杂交育肥羊72只,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲粮中分别添加0.10%、0.20%、0.40%复合微生态制剂,试验期为60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.20%和0.40%复合微生态制剂可以显著提高肉羊试验期末重和平均日增重(P<0.05),显著降低肉羊试验期料重比(P<0.05);饲粮中添加0.20%和0.40%复合微生态制剂可以显著提高肉羊胴体净肉重、胴体重和屠宰率(P<0.05);饲粮中添加0.20%和0.40%复合微生态制剂可以显著提高肉羊血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、白介素-2(IL-2)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,肉羊饲粮中添加复合微生态制剂可以有效促进肉羊生长性能,提高肉羊屠宰性能和机体免疫能力;综合考虑养殖经济效益,复合微生态制剂在肉羊养殖中的推荐添加量为0.20%。

中药添加剂对热应激生长兔生长性能、屠宰性能、肠道微生态和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加中药添加剂对热应激生长兔生长性能、屠宰性能、肠道微生态和血清生化指标的影响。选取48只健康、体重相近的2月龄新西兰白兔,随机分成2组,每组24只(公母各占1/2),单笼饲养。在夏季热应激状态下,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,中药组在基础饲粮中添加1%中药添加剂。预试期7 d,正试期42 d。结果表明:1)对照组和中药组之间末重、平均日增重和料重比差异不显著(P>0.05)。中药组的成活率较对照组有所增加(83.3%vs.70.8%,P>0.05)。2)中药组的半净膛重和半净膛率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。3)中药组的盲肠内容物干物质含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),盲肠内容物乙酸和丙酸含量有低于对照组的趋势(P=0.092)。4)对照组和中药组之间盲肠内容物细菌总数和alpha多样性差异不显著(P>0.05)。中药组的盲肠内容物栖粪杆菌属、普氏栖粪杆菌相对丰度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),盲肠内容物阿克曼菌属和大肠杆菌相对丰度有高于对照组的趋势(P=0.080、P=0.088)。5)中药组的粪便球虫圆小囊数有低于对照组的趋势(P=0.082)。6)对照组和中药组之间血清生化指标差异不显著(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加中药添加剂可调控热应激生长兔肠道微生态,提高屠宰性能和肠道健康。

胎膜早破孕妇阴道微生态和胎盘分离菌及耐药性分析

目的 比较胎膜早破和正常破裂孕妇孕晚期(孕35~37周)阴道微生态、胎盘拭子细菌分布和耐药性情况,为临床预防和治疗提供病原学依据。方法 收集甘肃省妇幼保健院产科2020年1月1日至2022年6月30日胎盘拭子培养结果,将培养阳性的孕妇分成胎膜早破组和正常破裂组,比较两组基本临床特征及孕晚期阴道微生态、胎盘分离菌和药敏结果。结果 两组孕周、年龄、细菌性阴道病和正常微生态情况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析显示孕周(β=-0.711,OR=0.491)和正常微生态(β=-1.412,OR=4.103)与胎膜早破发生呈负相关,年龄(β=0.076,OR=1.079)呈正相关,细菌性阴道病的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组胎盘主要分离菌为革兰阴性杆菌,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),以大肠埃希菌为主,检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),胎膜早破组产超广谱β-内酰胺酶比例较高,对氨苄西林、头孢类耐药性高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其次是革兰阳性球菌(粪肠球菌和无乳链球菌为主),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。无乳链球菌对青霉素类、糖肽类等敏感,对喹诺酮类耐药率较高;粪肠球菌对青霉素类、糖肽类、恶唑烷酮类等敏感,对红霉素和克林霉素的耐药性较高。结论 胎膜早破组年龄偏大且孕周小,孕晚期易发生阴道微生态异常,其胎盘拭子大肠埃希菌检出率、对青霉素和头孢类抗生素耐药性较高。

复合微生态制剂对林下养殖土鸡生长性能、粪便微生物、血清免疫指标及生化指标的影响

为探讨复合微生态制剂不同添加剂量对林下养殖土鸡生长性能、粪便微生物、血清免疫指标及生化指标的影响,将240只土鸡完全随机分成4组(对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组),对照组土鸡饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加100、500、1000 mg/kg复合微生态制剂。结果显示:试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与对照组相比,末重、平均日增重、乳酸杆菌数、双歧杆菌数、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)含量均显著提高(P<0.05),料重比、大肠杆菌数、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性、尿素氮(BUN)含量均显著降低(P<0.05)。说明林下养殖土鸡基础日粮中添加500、1000 mg/kg复合微生态制剂均能够改善土鸡的生长性能、粪便微生物、血清免疫指标及生化指标,选择500 mg/kg作为临床应用剂量较适宜。

分娩期抗生素预防性治疗对生殖道B族链球菌定植病人妊娠结局及阴道菌群微生态的影响

目的:分析分娩期抗生素预防性治疗对生殖道B族链球菌(GBS)定植孕妇妊娠结局及阴道菌群微生态的影响。方法:选择产检且分娩的孕妇160例为研究对象,GBS检查均为阳性,依随机分组法分为对照组和观察组,每组80例。对观察组分娩前至少4 h给予抗生素预防治疗,对照组分娩前给予甲硝唑栓治疗,并记录观察组和对照组母婴结局以及阴道菌群微生态情况。结果:观察组不良结局总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组GBS、白细胞酯酶、唾液酸酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶、过氧化氢酶检出率较对照组低,阴道菌群密集Ⅱ~Ⅲ度、乳杆菌和清洁度Ⅰ~Ⅱ级检出率较对照组高(P<0.05~P<0.01)。观察组孕妇的治疗总有效率为98.75%,高于对照组总有效率83.75%(P<0.01)。结论:分娩期抗生素预防性治疗对GBS定植孕妇妊娠结局有良好的改善作用,可以改善阴道菌群微生态环境。