Reliable Energy Strategy Based on Incandescent Lighting

The artificial lighting used today in home and workplace have confirmed capability to induce skin problems, DNA damage, tumor formation as well as worsening arthritis, migraine and visual fatigue by longer exposure of ultraviolet radiation from discharge lighting sources. In this paper an ignition-angle controller (IAC) is used to demonstrate the reliability of incandescent lamps (ILs) in comparison with discharge lighting feed by switching-mode supplies. Analysis of harmonic of the line-current flow consumed by the ignition-angle controller (IAC) circuit has shown that production of distorted rms currents does not produce hazard, because single harmonic distortion (SHD) values are keeping lower to 50%. As energy policy, the modern artificial lighting must be replaced by economical, stable and nonhazardous incandescent lamps (ILs).

A 3D numerical simulation of laser-induced incandescence of soot particles in coal combustion products

Laser-induced incandescence (LII) has received increasing attention as a potentially powerful technique for in-situ measuring of the volume fraction and primary size of soot particles in combustion systems. In this study, a 3D Monte Carlo simulation combined with a Mie equation was developed to analyze the influence of spectral absorption and scattering on the measured LII flux emitted by soot particles. This paper represents a first attempt to analyze soot measurement using the LII technique in coal combustion products. The combustion products of gases (CO2, N2), soot, and fly-ash particles, present between the location of laser-excited soot and the LII flux receiver. The simulation results indicated that an almost Beer-Lambert exponential decrease in LII flux occurred with an increase in the volume fraction of soot particles, while a nearly linear decrease occurred with an increase in the volume fraction of fly-ash particles. The results also showed that scattering effects of both soot and fly-ash particles on the LII flux could be neglected. Compared with the absorption of gases, a decrease of 20% of LII flux was observed with soot particles, and a decrease of 10% with fly-ash particles.

Effects of dimethyl ether on soot formation in premixed laminar flame by laser induced incandescence method

The control of PM emission is a rather complicated problem to be solved both for diesel engine and GDI engines.There are vast factors affecting PM emission,the fuel,A/F,combustion temperature and so on.But undoubtedly,most efforts are paid to exhaust aftertreatment,rather than the control of generation.This paper is to investigate the effect of dimethyl ether(DME,CH3OCH3)on soot generation in flame.Therefore,a laser induced incandescence(LII)measurement system for soot volume concentration measurements in flame is used.Two DME gaseous mixtures were prepared with equivalence ratios 1 and 2.To highlight its effect on soot formation,acetylene known as the precursor of soot,is added in different ratios.Similarly,CO2 is mixed to simulate exhaust gas recycling(EGR)effect in engines.The experimental results indicate that the fuel property and A/F ratio are the dominating factors for the generation of soot during combustion.The combustion of DME doesn't emit soot obviously even under rich mixture condition.When burning the mixture of DME and acetylene(C2H2)in different proportion,there is barely soot emission at equivalence ratio of 1.The soot emission increases as the proportion of C2H2 increases at equivalence ratio 2,and the DME addition reduces the soot emission of C2H2 flame.CO2 dilution doesn't lead to the increase of soot when burning DME at equivalence 1 and 2.Soot emission is lower when the mixture of DME and acetylene is diluted by CO2,though soot volume concentration increases slightly as the proportion of C2H2 increases.The kinetic analysis indicates that the combustion of DME does not produce the precursor of soot.Under fuel-rich combustion conditions,C2H2 reacts with H radical to form C2H3,which leads to soot.When DME is added,it competes for H radical,which reduces the formation of C2H3 and thus reduces soot formation.The research carried out in this paper indicates that DME fuel has obviously power to reduce soot formation during combustion,no matter whether it is diluted by CO2 or mixed with soot precursor substance C2 H2.

Goodbye Incandescents

China looks to energy-efficient bulbs as it gears up to heighten energy efficiency After 130 years of using incandescent lamps, China is determined to abandon the energy-guzzling bulbs

The Effect of Light-Emitting Diode Light on the Physical Traits of Chicks

Environmental conditions including light are considered a critical element of chicks well-being. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of LED light on the physical traits of chicks. We took forty-one-day-old chicks and randomly separated it into two groups. The chicks in the first group were reared under the effect of incandescent lamp light and in the second one were under the effect of white LED lighting. Chicks were daily monitored for individual chick body, weight gain, feed intake, feather color and fear responses. The distance between chicks and source of light was 50 cm. Student’s t-test test was used for statistical evaluation at p < 0.05 level. The results of the current study showed that chicks reared under incandescent light bulb had significantly higher body weight compared with chicks reared under LED light. The magnitude of body weight in LED group was lower (1192.75 ± 149.9 g) compared to incandescent light group (1307.75 ± 110.5 g). The obtained results revealed that LED light reared chicks were more active;it showed long mobility duration and high levels of exploration in the farm as compared to those in incandescent light group. The results also indicated that incandescent light chicks were less fearful than LED chicks. Furthermore, the study showed that LED light reared chicks have pale pink combs and white feathers that cover all over the body. On the other hand, incandescent light reared chicks have dark red combs and whitish-yellow feathers that cover certain areas of the body especially chick wings, tail and head.

Review of soot measurement in hydrocarbon-air flames

Soot,which is produced in fuel-rich parts of flames as a result of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons,is the No.2 contributor to global warming after carbon dioxide.Developing soot measurement techniques is important to understand soot formation mechanism and control soot emission.The various soot measurement techniques,such as thermophoretic sampling par-ticles diagnostics followed by electron microscopy analysis,thermocouple particle densitometry,light extinction,laser-induced incandescence,two-color method,and emission computed tomography,are reviewed in this paper.The measurement principle and application cases of these measurement methods are described in detail.The development trend of soot measurement is to realize the on-line measurement of multi-dimensional distributions of temperature,soot volume fraction,soot particle size and other parameters in hydrocarbon-air flames.Soot measurement techniques suitable for both small flames in laboratories and large-scale flames in industrial combustion devices should be developed.Besides,in some special situations,such as high-pressure,zero gravity and micro-gravity flames,soot measurement also should be provided.

Design and development of an improved traffic light control system using hybrid lighting system

The deployment of light emitting diodes （LEDs） based traffic system control created the problem of dim displays when ambient light is similar to traffic lights. It causes some drivers＇ disability of seeing and obeying traffic signs. This makes drivers violate traffic rules. In this paper, an attempt to use hybrid lighting technology to mitigate this problem was developed. Incandescent lightings with deployed halogen bulbs provided an instan- taneous source of highly efficacious illumination which is brighter than the drivers＇ ambient lights （both daylight, electrical lights and their reflections）, which can help drivers get access to enough warning and help them initiate traffic safety warning as necessary. The halogen lightings also offered the required high current draw needed in electrical circuitry to help brighten the LED displays. The problem of heat generated was eliminated by aerating the T-junction traffic light control unit designed for this technology. The result of hybrid lighting system design was found to be high luminosity and capability of gaining driver attention in real-time. It also allowed enhanced sign＇s image detection and pro- cessing for smart based technologies by providing the ＂light punch＂ needed for a wide range of visual concems.