Effect of Bogie Cavity End Wall Inclination on Flow Field and Aerodynamic Noise in the Bogie Region of High-Speed Trains

Combining the detached eddy simulation(DES)method and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H)equation,the effect of bogie cavity end wall inclination on the flow field and aerodynamic noise in the bogie region is numerically studied.First,the simulation is conducted based on a simplified cavity-bogie model,including five cases with different inclination angles of the front and rear walls of the cavity.By comparing and analyzing the flow field and acoustic results of the five cases,the influence of the regularity and mechanism of the bogie cavity end wall inclination on the flow field and the aerodynamic noise of the bogie region are revealed.Then,the noise reduction strategy determined by the results of the simplified cavity-bogie model is applied to a three-car marshaling train model to verify its effectiveness when applied to the real train.The results reveal that the forward inclination of the cavity front wall enlarges the influence area of shear vortex structures formed at the leading edge of the cavity and intensifies the interaction between the vortex structures and the front wheelset,frontmotor,and front gearbox,resulting in the increase of the aerodynamic noise generated by the bogie itself.The backward inclination of the cavity rear wall is conducive to guiding the vortex structures flow out of the cavity and weakening the interaction between the shear vortex structures and the cavity rear wall,leading to the reduction of the aerodynamic noise generated by the bogie cavity.Inclining the rear end wall of the foremost bogie cavity of the head car is a feasible aerodynamic noise reduction measure for high-speed trains.

Lattice Boltzmann simulation of natural convection in open end cavity with inclined hot wall

Natural convection in an open end cavity with a hot inclined wall is simulated based on the lattice Boltzmann method （LBM）. The physics of flow and energy transfer in open end cavities are addressed when the hot wall is inclined. The combination of the two topics （open cavity and inclined walls） is the main novelty of the present study. The effects of the angle of the hot inclined wall on the flow field and heat transfer are thoroughly investigated. The Prandtl number is fixed to 0.71 （air）. The Rayleigh number and the angle of the hot inclined wall are varied in the range of 10^4 to 10^6 and 60° to 85°, respectively. The results are presented for two different aspect ratios, i.e., A = 1 and 2. The results obtained with the LBM are also compared with those of the finite volume method （FVM）. The predicted results of the LBM conform to those of the FVM. The results show that by increasing the angle of the hot inclined wall and the aspect ratio of the cavity, the average Nusselt number decreases. The trend of the local Nusselt number on the inclined wall is also discussed.

Numerical Study of Thin Film Condensation in Forced Convection on an Inclined Wall Covered with a Porous Material

The present work presents a study of forced convection condensation of a laminar film of a pure and saturated vapor on a porous plate inclined to the vertical. The Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer model is used to write the flow in the porous medium, while the classical boundary layer equations have been exploited in the pure liquid and in the porous medium taking into account inertia and enthalpy convection terms. The problem has been solved numerically. The results are mainly presented in the form of velocity and temperature profiles. The obtained results have been compared with the numerical results of Chaynane et al. [1]. The effects of different influential parameters such as: inclination (ϕ), effective viscosity (ReK), and dimensionless thermal conductivity λ* on the flow and heat transfers are outlined.

Influence of Prandtl Number on Thin Film Condensation in Forced Convection in an Inclined Wall Covered with a Porous Material

The numerical study of thin film type condensation in forced convection of a saturated pure vapor in an inclined wall covered with a porous material is presented. The generalized Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer (DBF) model is used to describe the flow in the porous medium while the classical boundary layer equations have been exploited in the case of a pure liquid. The dimensionless equations are solved by an implicit finite difference method and the iterative Gauss-Seidel method. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of the Prandtl number on the hydrodynamic and thermal fields but also on the local Nusselt number and on the boundary layer thickness. For Pr ≤ 0.7 (low) the velocity and the longitudinal temperature increase with the Prandtl number. On the other hand, when Pr ≥ 2 (high) the Prandtl number no longer influences the velocity and the longitudinal temperature. The local Nusselt number increases as the Prandtl number increases and the thickness of the hydrodynamic boundary layer increases as the Prandtl number decreases.

Numerical Simulation of Proppant Dynamics in a Rough Inclined Fracture

Although the dynamics of proppant(small ceramic balls used to prevent opened fractures from closing on the release of pressure)have been the subject of several numerical studies over recent years,large-scale inclined fractures exist in unconventional reservoirs for which relevant information is still missing.In the present study,this problem is investigated numerically considering the influence of several relevant factors such as the fracture roughness,inclination,the proppant particle size,the injection rate and the fluid viscosity.The results show that a rough wall enables the proppant to travel farther and cover larger areas.The inclination angle has little effect on the dune but a significant influence on the suspension zone.The area of this zone increases with a decrease in the inclination angle,and its value for an inclination of 15°is 20 times that at 90°.Small particle size,high injection rate,and high fracturing fluid viscosity have a beneficial influence on proppant transport;vice versa they hinder settling phenomena.

Numerical Simulation of Interaction between Supersonic Flow and Backward Inclined Jets Surrounded by Porous Cavity

As one of supersonic mixing techniques, a supersonic mixing technique using a cavity and a porous wall has been proposed. The cavity and the porous wall generate the low speed region in the cavity, which enhances mixing the main flow with the jets. In this study, numerical simulations were conducted to clarify the effects of backward inclined jets on the mixing technique using a porous wall and a cavity. In the numerical simulations, three patterns of jet injections which combined normal jets with backward inclined jets were studied. As a result, the combination of a backward inclined jet and a normal jet generates the suction flow behind the backward inclined jet, which is useful for making the injected jets flow into the cavity. In addition, the introduction of backward inclined jets reduces the total pressure loss. On the other hand, the mass flow rate through the porous holes decreases with increase in the number of the backward inclined jets.

Investigation into the hydrodynamics of liquid-solid inclined micro-fluidized beds

The inclined micro-fluidized bed(MFB)can enhance heat and mass transfer rates compared to the vertically aligned counterparts,but the increased significance of surface forces and wall effects may cause poor fluidization performance.In this paper,the effects of column inclination and different particle-to-bed ratios(d_(P)/d_(B))on the solid hydrodynamics are investigated in an inclined micro-fluidized bed.The results validated the suitability of using the Ergun equation to predict minimum fluidization velocities due to small deviations between 1.01 and 1.81 times the theoretical values,for a particle-to-bed ratio ranging from 0.025 to 0.165 at inclinations between 0°and 10°.Investigation into the effects on bed expansion behavior showed that the bed contracted with an increase in bed inclination.An unexpected observation during the bed expansion was the appearance of a secondary high voidage region and the appearance of strong circulation patterns with an increase in bed inclination.A detailed analysis of this phenomenon suggested the presence of a critical angle at 6°and 10°for the 85μm particles,4×4 mm bed cross-section and 165μm particles,1×1 mm bed cross-section,respectively.However,the liquid-solid back-mixing was observed due to the modified particle trajectories resulted in the disappearance of the high voidage region.This paper gives new insights into the micro-fluidization behavior in inclined beds thus contributing to the development of micro-fluidized beds and their future applications.

井研地区筇竹寺组页岩储层水平井钻井井壁稳定性评价

川西南井研区块筇竹寺组页岩气具有良好的开发前景,但由于对其岩矿组分、力学性质、水化特征等认识程度较低,钻井井壁稳定性认识不清,导致出现掉块、阻卡等复杂情况。为了充分认识该区寒武系筇竹寺组地层的井壁稳定性,明确粉砂质页岩水化作用及其对坍塌压力的影响规律,在岩石力学实验的基础上,研究不同钻井液浸泡时间对岩石力学参数的影响规律,建立考虑水化作用的井壁稳定性预测模型,分析不同井斜方位下坍塌压力的差异。研究结果表明:筇竹寺组伊蒙混层含量高,具有一定膨胀性,水化作用后导致岩石强度降低,对井壁稳定性有较大影响;不同钻井液体系对井壁稳定性的影响有差异,总体上油基钻井液更有利于井壁稳定;考虑了水化作用的井壁稳定预测模型更加符合实际,以此为依据,通过优化钻井液设计可以有效降低井壁失稳风险,提高钻井时效。

某核心筒收进水瓶型超高层结构设计关键问题研究

某超高层建筑位于武汉市汉阳区一线滨江区域,整体造型为下大上小逐渐收分的水瓶型,主体结构高度249m,屋面上设51m高塔冠,地上建筑总高度300m。建筑师要求外框柱贴幕墙边布置,导致塔楼大部分柱均为斜柱,在竖向荷载作用下将对楼面体系产生水平分力,设计中通过在楼面梁设置抗拉钢筋及型钢承担水平拉力。核心筒墙体在17、43层进行了转换收进,通过合理的分析及措施,确保了墙体传力路径的合理性。对主体结构进行了风洞试验并进行了相关论证,减小了设计风荷载,节约了结构造价。对结构进行了施工模拟、收缩徐变分析、墙体有限元分析及塔冠分析,结果表明结构设计安全合理。

西安国际文化传播中心大跨斜幕墙支承结构设计

西安国际文化传播中心大跨斜幕墙支承采用竖向张弦桁架结构体系,结构造型独特新颖。对其结构选型和受力特点进行了重点介绍。采用MIDAS Gen软件建立有限元模型,进行非线性静力及抗震分析计算,同时采用ANSYS软件对考虑几何与材料双重非线性的结构整体稳定性进行了详细分析,探讨了安全系数取值等。分析结果及实际使用效果表明,幕墙支承满足正常使用的各项要求,并具有良好的抗震性能。

倾斜隧道贴壁火灾顶棚烟气最大温升模拟研究

目的 研究在火灾浮力效应、壁面辐射热反馈及空气卷吸限制效应的协同作用下倾斜隧道贴壁火灾发展的特性。方法 利用FDS软件对倾斜隧道贴壁火进行数值模拟,分析顶棚烟气最大温升及其位置;考虑火源中心与侧壁的距离、坡度,建立了无量纲预测模型,进行拟合分析。结果 当贴壁火热释放速率分别为2.7、4.0和5.0 MW时,隧道贴壁火的顶棚最大温升分别在坡度为2%、1%、0时达到最大值,之后随着坡度的增大呈指数衰减;与轴线火相比,当坡度小于10%时,贴壁火的最大温升点与火源中心更近,坡度大于10%时,贴壁火的最大温升点位置更远;贴壁火和轴线火的拟合结果很好,相关系数分别为0.98和0.95。结论 侧壁限制对最大温升的影响随着火源中心与侧壁距离的缩小而更加显著;随着隧道坡度增大,倾斜隧道贴壁火的火焰同时向火灾上游和侧壁倾斜,空气卷吸和对流换热作用不断增强,从而影响火焰的受力机制和火源表面接受到的辐射热反馈,顶棚最大温升随坡度增加呈指数衰减。

急倾斜薄矿体采场围岩及假底应力分布规律研究

急倾斜极薄矿脉是有色、黄金矿山常见的矿体形态,多采用人工假底的留矿法或削壁充填法回采,研究采动过程中围岩和人工假底的受力分布对于设计假底参数和安全开采具有重要意义。以某金矿削壁充填采场为工程背景,模拟研究了人工假底及围岩采动过程中应力变化规律。上、下盘围岩采动后最大主应力和最小主应力减小,回采区域顶板应力集中。假底中心处垂直压力最小,越靠近上、下盘边壁垂直压力增加,随着采高增加,假底各部位的垂直压力增加,最后呈收敛趋势。人工假底主要是剪应力破坏,假底破坏主要是上、下盘高水平应力未作用在同一轴线而产生的剪应力造成的。根据散体侧压力和采动应力变化规律,提出在采场内每隔10m利用混凝土铺底,增加人工假底中混凝土强度及垂直方向的配筋,提高假底抗剪强度,从而提高深部采场回采的安全性和人工假底的稳固性。

深基坑斜直交替钢管桩复合土钉墙数值模拟分析

依托福建某医院的基坑工程实例,采用数值模拟方法,研究斜直交替钢管桩复合土钉墙支护结构的变形特征及其稳定性。结果表明:坡面水平位移最大变形出现在基坑“腰部”,设计时应适当加强此位置的变形控制;斜直交替钢管桩复合土钉墙支护体系安全可行,其较双排直立钢管桩复合土钉墙及单一土钉墙有更好的变形控制能力和更高的稳定性。

缓倾斜厚大矿体机械化垂直分条上向分层干式充填采矿方法研究

当采用传统的上向分层干式充填采矿法开采缓倾斜厚大矿体时,常常面临着机械化程度低、矿石贫损率高等问题。针对此问题,提出了一种缓倾斜厚大矿体机械化垂直分条上向分层干式充填采矿法。其核心是将矿体沿走向方向上划分为若干分条,采用上向分层干式充填采矿法逐条回采,并在矿房一侧留设废石混凝土挡墙,随后在充填体上铺设耐磨钢板,且配备铲运机等机械化设备进行出矿和充填,从而提高机械化程度,降低矿石贫损率。首先,介绍了缓倾斜厚大矿体机械化垂直分条上向分层干式充填采矿法的采场布置方式、回采工作、充填工艺,并阐述了其技术优势。其次,以某地下金矿为例,将该方法与上向分层尾砂胶结充填采矿法进行了经济比较。研究表明:当采用该方法回采矿体时,每个采场可多获得收益105万元。研究成果可为类似矿山条件下缓倾斜厚大稀有贵重金属矿体安全高效回采提供技术指导。

微量润滑油滴冲击倾斜壁面黏附颗粒的实验研究

微量润滑油滴与金属壁面冲击黏附成膜过程中,壁面附着颗粒物的存在对润滑油膜的形成质量和摩擦副的散热效果影响显著.通过高速摄像实验对油滴与倾斜壁面黏附颗粒的冲击过程进行观测分析,考察油滴冲击速度、壁面倾斜角度等因素对油滴冲击颗粒后的形态演变和铺展特性的影响,以及黏附颗粒在冲击作用下的动态特性.研究结果表明:油滴冲击铺展过程中的形态演变受壁面倾斜角和冲击速度影响,会出现不对称沉积铺展、单侧颈部射流破碎,或者包裹颗粒滑移铺展等现象;颗粒在油滴冲击作用下沿斜面方向未产生明显滑移时,倾斜角增大对冲击油滴前铺展有促进作用,更容易在前缘三相接触线附近产生单侧颈部射流破碎现象;颗粒产生滑移时,颗粒滑移速度随壁面倾斜角的增大而增大,使前端液膜长度变短而抑制射流现象的生成,产生微油滴包裹颗粒滑移铺展现象;冲击速度对后铺展过程中的铺展因子变化影响较小,前铺展过程中的最大铺展因子随着冲击速度的增加而逐渐增大;壁面附着颗粒的运动受冲击速度和倾斜角大小影响明显,冲击速度或倾斜角度的增大均能够促进冲击油滴包裹颗粒沿壁面滑动.

基于倾角测量的挡土墙稳定性监测分析

文中以实际工程测得的倾角数据为基础,依托适用于挡土墙侧向变形的倾角传感器,分析倾角数据与环境温度变化的偶联关系,对监测数据进行温度补偿;得出修正过的挡土墙倾角数据,并对挡土墙的整体稳定性进行评价,以供参考。

徐州中央国际广场东塔核心筒斜墙收进结构设计

随着楼层的升高,建筑功能发生变化,建筑设计对核心筒尺寸有了缩小的的需求。根据已有工程经验,存在几种常见的缩小核心筒尺寸的方法,徐州中央国际广场东塔采用斜墙的方式实现核心筒内收。该方式使结构及相关构件的受力性能具有一定的特殊性,结构设计中采取了有针对性的结构布置,并且对相关构件的受力性能进行研究,主要包括楼板、楼面梁、扶壁墙以及核心筒外墙的墙肢和连梁等,同时根据受力性能提出相关构件和结构的设计方法。结果表明:经过合理的设计,采用斜墙收进的核心筒结构在抗侧刚度、变形等指标以及罕遇地震作用下的抗震性能均能满足要求,说明斜墙收进是一种合理的结构处理方式。

倾斜壁面汽泡脱离行为的实验研究

为探索壁面沸腾过程汽泡的脱离规律,通过可视化实验对倾斜壁面汽泡的脱离行为进行研究,获得了倾斜壁面汽泡主要发生的3类脱离行为,包括自由脱离、碰撞脱离与扰动脱离。为降低汽泡行为随机性带来的干扰,建立了量化汽泡脱离特征量的最小无关数原则,确定汽泡自由脱离、碰撞脱离的最小无关数分别为25、34,确保对应脱离特征量的统计偏差小于±5%。在实验参数范围内,基于最小无关数原则统计获得汽泡脱离特征量,结果表明,随着加热壁面热流密度的升高,汽泡自由脱离直径呈增大趋势,汽泡碰撞脱离直径呈减小趋势,汽泡生长时间与等待时间减少,汽泡脱离频率增大。碰撞脱离对汽泡生长时间的减少效应强于对等待时间的延迟效应,综合结果为碰撞脱离缩短了汽泡脱离周期,加快了壁面核化过程。

济南华润万象城抗震性能分析与设计

济南华润万象城为一栋结构高度412m的超限高层商业建筑,采用框架-剪力墙结构。结构中同时存在扭转不规则、平面开洞、大跨度结构、大悬挑结构、斜柱、桁架悬挑等多项平面及竖向不规则情况。采用多种计算程序进行了抗震性能分析,其结果均满足既定的抗震性能目标。对复杂商业中的各关键部位设计进行了多方案比选,确定了合理的结构布置和适当的构造措施,取得了良好的效果。

诸暨市安华水库大坝渗流安全评价

针对安华水库防洪滞洪功能、常蓄水位低特点和测压管仅布设于坝顶及下游坡情况,根据常蓄水位时的渗流实测资料推算黏土斜墙前后位势差以及高水位(设计、校核)状态下的渗透比降,综合评价大坝渗流安全性。分析结果表明,大坝黏土斜墙后侧渗压水位比较稳定,相对上游库水位,黏土斜墙下游侧水头削减超过70%,黏土斜墙防渗效果较好,大坝与泄洪闸翼墙连接段防渗效果较好;黏土斜墙、坝体砂砾石渗透比降满足规范要求,大坝渗流状态总体安全。