Experimental study on seismic reinforcement of bridge foundation on silty clay landslide with inclined interlayer

A shaking table test for a bridge foundation reinforced by anti-slide piles on a silty clay landslide model with an inclined interlayer was performed.The deformation characteristics of the bridge foundation piles and anti-slide piles were analyzed in different loading conditions.The dynamic response law of a silty clay landslide with an inclined interlayer was summarized.The spacing between the rear anti-slide piles and bridge foundation should be reasonably controlled according to the seismic fortification requirements,to avoid the two peaks in the forced deformation of the bridge foundation piles.The“blocking effect”of the bridge foundation piles reduced the deformation of the forward anti-slide piles.The stress-strain response of silty clay was intensified as the vibration wave field appeared on the slope.Since the vibration intensified,the thrust distribution of the landslide underwent a process of shifting from triangle to inverted trapezoid,the difference in the acceleration response between the bearing platform and silty clay landslide tended to decrease,and the spectrum amplitude near the natural vibration frequency increased.The rear anti-slide piles were able to slow down the shear deformation of the soil in front of the piles and avoid excessive acceleration response of the bridge foundation piles.

Limit analysis of vertical anti-pulling screw pile group under inclined loading on 3D elastic-plastic finite element strength reduction method

Based on the functional theory, catastrophe theory, simultaneity principle and the idea of strength reduction method （SRM）, the bearing capacity functional anti SRM of pile group foundation were established, and the criteria of ultimate load and the concept of safety storage coefficient （Css） were advanced. The inclined ultimate loads by the static loading test, load increment method （LIM） and SRM are compared. Theoretically, the ultimate load of piles does not change with the loading levels when it is calculated by SRM. When the one strength reduction parameter is applied in the calculation boundary, there are calculating errors because the bearing capacity action of soils happened in the finite zone. The inclined 10adings are 108, 132 and 144 kN, and SSC are 1.07, 0.94 and 0.79, respectively, so the calculation values of ultimate loads are about 115.56, 124.08 and 113.76 kN, respectively. The error between calculations and observation values is less than 6%. But .the error between calculations of LIM and observations is 20%. Because of the effect of inclined loading, the push-rotation phenomenon of screw pile group appears. Under this testing, the ultimate bearing capacity of piles is mostly determined by the horizontal ultimate bearing capacity, and the effect of the vertical component of inclined load should also be considered.

Model tests and numerical analyses on horizontal impedance functions of inclined single piles embedded in cohesionless soil

Horizontal impedance functions of inclined single piles are measured experimentally for model soil-pile systems with both the effects of local soil nonlinearity and resonant characteristics.Two practical pile inclinations of 5掳 and 10掳 in addition to a vertical pile embedded in cohesionless soil and subjected to lateral harmonic pile head loadings for a wide range of frequencies are considered.Results obtained with low-to-high amplitude of lateral loadings on model soil-pile systems encased in a laminar shear box show that the local nonlinearities have a profound impact on the horizontal impedance functions of piles.Horizontal impedance functions of inclined piles are found to be smaller than the vertical pile and the values decrease as the angle of pile inclination increases.Distinct values of horizontal impedance functions are obtained for the ＇positive＇ and ＇negative＇ cycles of harmonic loadings,leading to asymmetric force-displacement relationships for the inclined piles.Validation of these experimental results is carried out through three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analyses,and the results from the numerical models are in good agreement with the experimental data.Sensitivity analyses conducted on the numerical models suggest that the consideration of local nonlinearity at the vicinity of the soil-pile interface influence the response of the soil-pile systems.

Finite element analysis of couple effect of soil displacement and axial load on single inclined pile

The couple effect of soil displacement and axial load on the single inclined pile in cases of surcharge load and uniform soil movement is discussed in detail with the methods of full-scale field tests and finite element method. Parametric analyses including the degree of inclination and the distance between soil and pile are carried out herein. When the displacement of soil on the left side and right side of a pile is identical, deformation of a vertical pile and an inclined pile is highly close in both cases of surcharge load and uniform soil movement. When the couple effect of soil displacement and axial load occurs, settlement of an inclined pile is greater than that of a vertical pile under the same axial load, and bearing capacity of an inclined pile is smaller than that of a vertical pile. This is quite different from the case when the inclined pile is not affected by soil displacement. For inclined piles, P-Δ effect of axial load would lead to a large increase in bending moment, however, for the vertical pile, P-Δ effect of axial load can be neglected. Although the direction of inclination of piles is reverse, deformation of piles caused by uniform soil movement is totally the same. For the inclined piles discussed herein, bending moment(-8 m to-17 m under the ground) relies heavily on uniform soil movement and does not change during the process of applying axial load. When the thickness of soil is less than the pile length, the greater the thickness of soil, the larger the bending moment at lower part of the inclined pile. When the thickness of soil is larger than the pile length, bending moment at lower part of the inclined pile is zero.

Parametric Study on the Effects of Pile Inclination Angle on the Response of Batter Piles in Offshore Jacket Platforms

Offshore jacket-type platforms are attached to the seabed by long batter piles. In this paper, results from a finite element analysis, verified against experimental data, are used to study the effect of the pile＇s inclination angle, and its interaction with the geometrical properties of the pile and the geotechnical characteristics of the surrounding soil on the behavior of the inclined piles supporting the jacket platforms. Results show that the inclination angle is one of the main parameters affecting the behavior of an offshore pile. We investigated the effect of the inclination angle on the maximum von Mises stress, maximum von Mises elastic strain, maximum displacement vector sum, maximum displacement in the horizontal direction, and maximum displacement in the vertical direction. Results indicate that the pile＇s operationally optimal degree of inclination is approximately 5°. By exceeding this value, the instability in the surrounding soil under applied loads grows extensively in all the geotechnical properties considered. Cohesive soils tend to display poorer results compared to grained soils.

Numerical Study of Piles Group under Seismic Loading in Frictinal Soil—Inclination Effect

Recent devastating earthquakes in some countries, such as Pakistan, Turkey, Algeria and China, call to the mind the high risk exposure of Lebanon which is located over an active seismic zone. Many experts shared the view that major seismic event may occur in Lebanon in the future. Moreover, many earthquakes, of low magnitudes between three and four, have been registered in Lebanon during 2008. These events have increased the anxiety of Lebanese people because of the poor quality of the constructions and their behavior under moderate or severe earthquake events. The efficient way to minimize seismic effects, material and human losses, is the prevention. The system piles-foundation is an appropriate way and widely used to ensure the stability of constructions when subjected to seismic excitation. It seems necessary to study the interaction of pile-foundation-pile-cap-structure in the case of non linear soil behavior and the interface pile-soil. The study will be also conducted by using measures recorded during real earthquakes for example in Turkey (Kocaeli, 1999). In this paper, we present a numerical modeling of the interaction of using FLAC3D software. According to soil behavior and pile inclination, parametric studies are also performed. The analysis of the results could give the better piles group configuration in order to minimize the seismic effect on the structures.

软土地区基坑前排倾斜双排桩支护现场试验及工作机理

基坑倾斜桩支护大幅提高了无支撑支护结构的适用深度,具有造价低、施工便捷、绿色低碳、变形控制好等特点,然而目前研究多集中在单排倾斜桩,对前排倾斜双排桩支护的试验、理论与应用的研究均较少。针对前排倾斜双排桩支护基坑开展了现场试验,同时采用有限元方法分别从前排斜桩、桩顶连梁及桩间土体作用3个方面深入探究了前排倾斜双排桩支护的工作机理,进一步分析了直斜桩长度和排距对前排倾斜双排桩支护结构受力变形性能的影响。结果表明,相比传统竖直双排桩,前排倾斜双排桩支护结构的支护性能显著提升,前排斜桩主要发挥“斜撑”作用,连梁主要起到将直斜桩及冠梁连接成一个空间刚架的作用,桩间土体能够提高桩土摩阻力,进而有效减小前排倾斜双排桩变形。研究成果有助于前排倾斜双排桩的推广和应用。

黄土基坑斜直桩支护结构受力及变形特性模型试验研究

为深入探究斜直桩支护的工作机理及变形特性,通过模型试验对比斜直桩和传统支护在开挖和降雨阶段桩顶位移、桩身弯矩及坑外沉降变化规律。研究结果表明:斜直桩受力及变形均小于悬臂和双排直桩,其极限挖深更大,对周边环境影响更小,其中内斜直支护性能最优。部分直桩改为斜桩可使受力更合理,除了受到弯剪还有拉压,有效提高支护刚度。降雨阶段下支护结构受力及变形增幅较开挖更大,还会引发土体塌陷、坑内外土体表面开裂等破坏。研究结果可为斜直桩黄土基坑施工风险防控提供参考。

斜撑钢管板桩直立式海堤结构受力分析

某填海工程的实施可能影响邻近桥梁的安全性,拟采用斜撑钢管板桩直立式海堤结构,通过Plaxis 3D岩土有限元分析软件模拟该海堤结构的受力特性及变位,以及其对邻近桥梁桩基变位的影响。结果表明,该直立式海堤结构受力特性较好、变位较小,且对邻近桥梁桩基变位的影响较小。

深基坑斜直交替钢管桩复合土钉墙数值模拟分析

依托福建某医院的基坑工程实例,采用数值模拟方法,研究斜直交替钢管桩复合土钉墙支护结构的变形特征及其稳定性。结果表明:坡面水平位移最大变形出现在基坑“腰部”,设计时应适当加强此位置的变形控制;斜直交替钢管桩复合土钉墙支护体系安全可行,其较双排直立钢管桩复合土钉墙及单一土钉墙有更好的变形控制能力和更高的稳定性。

大倾角钢箱提篮拱桥总体设计

考虑施工技术、经济性和景观效果等方面,陕西蔡家坡渭河特大桥主桥采用(35+210+35) m大倾角钢箱提篮拱桥。该桥采用摩擦摆和环向钢丝绳阻尼支座综合减隔震约束体系,以降低结构的地震响应。拱肋为单室等宽钢箱截面,采用主、副拱肋2条悬链线,主、副拱肋共面,设计为横向内倾20°的大倾角,在提高桥梁景观效果的同时,又有效提高了结构的整体稳定性;拱肋设钢-混结合段连接拱脚与混凝土拱座。桥面系采用自重较轻的正交异性钢桥面板结构。吊杆采用抗拉强度1 860 MPa的环氧柔性钢绞线。基础采用Φ2.5 m的钻孔灌注群桩,以抵抗软弱地质条件下荷载的竖向及水平作用力。该桥总体采用先梁后拱的施工方案。整体及局部有限元分析结果表明,桥梁结构力学性能均满足规范要求,设计安全可靠。

高层建筑迫降法纠倾方案研究

建筑物因勘察、设计、施工或环境等不良因素影响,导致不均匀沉降,从而产生超过规范允许范围的倾斜。而高层建筑纠倾工程技术难度大、风险高。结合工程实例,通过对现有技术资料分析得出倾斜的原因,并根据工程实际情况,提出桩侧射水扰动迫降纠倾方案,对迫降法的原理、方案设计和施工工艺流程进行了介绍,可为类似工程提供参考。

分配特殊群桩空间作用效应的双向m法

群桩到单桩的作用分配是桩基计算的关键问题,针对规范中的单向m法只适用于平面作用的局限性,从单桩刚度、群桩刚度、受力平衡方程3个层面进行公式推导,建立了变形协调的群桩刚度矩阵和空间受力平衡方程,形成了适用于空间作用的双向m法,并以对称等长直桩、双向斜桩、不对称桩为计算实例,对比分析了单向m法和双向m法的计算结果。结果表明:单向m法计算对称等长直桩时,结果准确,计算双向斜桩时,单桩的弯矩和剪力波动较大,最大值偏小20%左右,计算不对称桩时,单桩外力之和与总外力不闭合,可信度低;而双向m法的理论解可覆盖这些桩基类型,结果更接近有限元数值解。研究成果为特殊桩基提供了一种快速且简便的计算方法,扩展了公路和铁路桥梁桩基设计规范的适用范围。

青藏高原多年冻土区单桩受斜坡地基土原位冻胀影响下的力学特性研究

在青藏高原多年冻土区铁路建设中,由于高原山区地形地貌复杂,建设在斜坡中的桩基础不在少数,地基土经历冻融过程以后桩基常常发生倾斜,严重影响铁路运行安全。为揭示在地基冻胀影响下多年冻土区斜坡单桩的倾斜机理,基于传热学与弹性力学,建立桩体体系热力耦合计算模型并进行室内试验验证计算模型的合理性,考虑地基土原位冻胀、水分相变、大气变暖等因素,进行地基土冻胀影响下斜坡桩基力学特性模拟分析。研究表明:斜坡桩体在地基土冻胀过程受到不均匀水平冻胀力、产生水平位移以及桩体弯矩,且水平位移随着地基斜坡坡度增大而增大;因不均匀水平冻胀引起的桩体应力占总应力的46.3%,对桩体安全性以及工程寿命产生较大影响。进行受到斜坡地基土冻胀影响下单桩力学特性分析,揭示在地基冻胀影响下多年冻土区斜坡单桩的倾斜机理,对多年冻土区斜坡桩基设计及运营有一定的参考价值。

深厚软土地区倾斜桩组合支护基坑稳定性研究

倾斜桩组合支护是一种新型基坑支护形式,适用于大面积无内支撑的基坑。本文依托天津市某倾斜桩支护基坑项目,设计6种预制桩支护对比结构,其中4种为倾斜桩组合支护,进行基坑开挖大型现场试验,量测分析周边不同环境下各组合结构支护基坑的变形情况,并运用Plaxis 3D有限元软件进行基坑安全性分析。结果表明:不同形式的倾斜桩组合支护中,内斜直组合桩身位移最小,支护效果最优;基坑周边存在超挖等不利因素时,倾斜桩组合支护的刚架效应、斜撑效应与重力效应决定其依旧能较好地发挥自身稳定作用;软土蠕变对斜桩基坑支护影响亦不容忽视,开挖至坑底时,应及时施工垫层和底板;数值模拟分析发现倾斜桩组合支护基坑安全系数及临界破坏形态受超挖影响小于常规排桩支护,小幅超挖对基坑的稳定性影响较低。

基于内聚力模型的嵌岩双斜桩水平承载特性分析

基于已有的对桩-岩界面剪切特性的研究,建立了界面几何参数和材料特性与内聚力模型参数间的转换关系,与现场试验和理论研究对比,验证了接触模型的准确性;结合室内嵌岩双斜桩模型试验,建立了对应有限元数值计算模型,对比分析了桩基荷载-位移曲线与弯矩规律,验证了模型的可靠性;进而建立不同倾角的足尺嵌岩双斜桩模型,分析在不同竖向定荷载下的水平承载特性。研究表明:嵌岩双斜桩系统是多因素协同作用的承载系统,对受多向组合荷载的嵌岩双斜桩而言,存在一最优竖向设计荷载,使得嵌岩双斜桩的水平承载力大大提高,但过大的竖向荷载和过小的倾角反而提高桩承台失稳的风险。

砂土中海上倾斜螺旋群桩基础承载特性研究

[目的]海上风电产业是全球新能源发展道路上最具先导性和战略性的新兴产业之一。文章以应用于海上风电基础中的倾斜螺旋群桩基础为研究对象,系统地研究了其承载特性。作为一种具有广阔应用前景的新型基础型式,对其承载特性进行精准研究对后续倾斜螺旋群桩基础的普及应用及海上风电行业发展有着重要意义。[方法]通过有限元软件系统地研究了桩数、桩间距和倾斜角度等变量对倾斜螺旋群桩承载特性的影响,进而得出了多种工况下螺旋桩的群桩效应系数及承载力随桩数、倾斜角度和桩间距的变化规律。[结果]结果表明:倾斜螺旋群桩相较于单桩基桩承载力提升了15%左右,群桩效率系数随桩数增加而增大;群桩基础承载力随桩间距呈正相关变化趋势,桩间距越小中心土体压力叠加越显著,在桩间距取值范围内,极限承载力变化幅值为4%左右;倾角越大,倾斜螺旋群桩基础受压承载力性能越优异,群桩受压效率系数也随之增大,受压承载时8°倾角较为高效;受拉拔作用时,倾斜螺旋群桩上部土体受到扰动较小,倾斜群桩基础受桩间距的影响程度更大,群桩中心处土体竖向位移极值深度随桩间距增大而逐渐上移;受压作用时,倾斜螺旋群桩对土体影响范围更大,桩间相互影响更为稳定,群桩中心处土体竖向位移极值深度与桩间距、倾角无明显相关关系。[结论]研究成果可为我国海上风电螺旋群桩基础建设提供一定的研究思路及手段,对倾斜螺旋群桩基础尺寸设计及承载力评估具有一定的参考意义,有一定的科学意义和工程应用价值。

填方灰土桩复合地基大底盘建筑倾斜特性数值分析

目前建筑倾斜事故频繁发生,但对于大底盘建筑倾斜全过程的变形力学行为受到了较少的关注。因此,研究了填方灰土桩复合地基倾斜过程的沉降变形特性及受力特性。基于数值模拟,探讨了填方灰土桩复合地基大底盘建筑倾斜特性相应变化规律,分析填方灰土桩复合地基倾斜过程中沉降变形及大底盘基础变形受力特性,研究了填方区地基处理优化方案。研究结果表明:建筑倾斜过程中,基础边缘处剪切变形最大,剪切变形值与倾斜值呈正相关;大底盘建筑倾斜过程中基础顶板混凝土首先开裂,其弯曲点不断变化;基础底板尚未开裂但底板南半段出现隆起现象,在靠近倾斜建筑0.2 L(L为底板长度)位置处存在开裂风险,倾斜过程弯曲点基本不变;水泥粉煤灰碎石桩(cement fly-ash gravel,CFG)桩地基处理方案剪应变最大值比原有方案剪应变最大值降低了67.08%,沉降值和倾斜值分别降低了67.52%、73.83%,达到此类建筑倾斜率不应超过3‰的规范要求;研究结果为类似复合地基大底盘建筑纠偏加固提供了借鉴和参考。

利用旋转双目立体相机的桩体倾斜度测量方法

桩体倾斜度监测在沉桩作业中至关重要,现有方法普遍存在安置过程复杂、工作耗时长等典型问题。针对以上问题,以双目立体设备研制为基础,提出了一种基于双目立体视觉的桩体倾斜度测量方法。首先,该方法通过旋转码盘与相机的高精度标定实现利用码盘旋转角度读数来高效计算相机在任意旋转角度的位姿信息。其次,在双目影像同步采集以及高频倾斜角度测量条件下,设计了一种新的利用提取桩体边线几何的方法来拟合桩体中心轴线方向向量,从而快速计算柱体的倾斜度。实验结果表明,该方法可准确计算相机相对位姿以及柱体倾斜度,倾斜度测量精度可达到优于0.1°,且单次自动测量效率优于10 s,相较于常用的全站仪测量方法,其效率可提高6倍以上,能够满足连续高效且高精度的桩体倾斜度测量需求。