DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF 103 PATIENTS WITH EARLY ESOPHAGEAL CANCER AND CARDIAC CANCER OF STOMACH

Screening of the general population for esophageal cancer and gastric cardia cancer using an occult blood bead detector supplemented by fiberogastroscopy was able to detect 103 cases with early esophageal cancer and gastric cardia cancer at Yangzhong County where the incidence was high from Apr. 1986 to Feb. 1992. Among them, there were 47 cancers of esophagus and 56 cancers of gastric cardia through pathological verification.. They took 17.1% (103/604) of the correspouding esophageal and gastric cardia caucers. We thought that about 90% of early esophageal and gastric cardia cancers have symptoms. We should couduct screening for high risk group in the area where the incidence is high at regular intervals. Besides, it is also important to strengthen propaganda for cancer prevention and self-protection for population, to emphasize the diagnosis and recognition of early cancer for medical workers.

Relationship between fever and early clinical diagnosis and treatment in mild COVID-2019 patients

Objective:To investigate the relationship between clinical manifestations,blood testing,chest CT,treatment and fever of 457mild cases of COVID-19.Methods:A tatal of 457cases of mild COVID-19 diagnosed in Wuhan Jianghan module Hospital from February 6,2020 to February 26,2020 were gathered,and the cases with/without fever were retrospectively analyzed in epidemiology,clinical manifestation,blood routing,hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),pathogens serological testing,chest CT and drugs treatment.Results:For 312 fever cases,the average age was(47.6±10.9)years old,male was 128 cases(41%),the mean peak fever was 38(36.8,38.6)℃,fever lasting was 2(0,3)days,131cases(28.7%)had Huanan seafood market exposure history,90 cases(28.8%)had closely contact with COVID-19 patients,20cases(6.4%)had hypertension history,10 cases(3.2%)had diabetes,5cases(1.6%)had coronary heart disease.Main symptoms of fever group including dry cough of 260cases(83.3%),of 104cases(33.3%),blood sputum of 9cases(2.9%),chest tightness 20cases(19.6%),shortness of breath of 87cases(27.9%),weak of 105cases(33.7%),diarrhea of 43cases(13.8%),sleep disorders of 61cases(19.6%),among fever cases with sputum and shortness of breath more rather without fever,and two groups were statistically significantly difference(P<0.05).In fever group,WBC(109/L)[4.34(3.69,5.26)than 5.11(4.22,6.22),P<0.001],NEUT(109/L)[2.67(2.1,3.49)than 2.88(2.37,3.9),P<0.05],LYM(109/L)[0.9(0.8,1.1)than 1.36(1.03,1.85),P<0.001),PLT(109/L)/(106,188)134-189(132,224),P<0.001)were lower than normal group,while WBC<4.0×109/L[108(34.6%)than 24(16.6%),P<0.001)],LYM<1.0×109/L[189(60.6%)than 31(21.4%),P<0.001)],PLT<100×109/L[45(14.4%)than in 2(1.4%),P<0.001)and hs-CRP(mg/L)[14(6.83,32)than 3.4(0.96,10.75),P<0.001)were higher than normal group,and pathogens serological examination of 36cases shown influenzaⅠ/Ⅱvirus IgM antibody positive in 3cases(8.3%),respiratory syncytial virus IgM antibody positive in 2 cases(5.6%),mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibody positive(11.1%),4 cases of adenovirus IgM antibody positive(11.1%),but 4 pathogens of fever group and normal group were no statistical difference(P>0.05).According to early onset of chest CT examination,there were no change of 11cases(2.4%),unilateral lung lesions of 93cases(20.4%),bilateral lung lesions of 353 cases(77.2%),ground glass shadow of 228 cases(73.1%),high density shadow patch of 65 cases(20.8%),consolidation shadow of 6 cases(1.9%),while fever group compared with normal group,there were no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that LYM(OR=0.24,95%CI=0.139~0.415,P<0.001),LYM<1.0 x 109/L(OR=5.12,95%CI=3.07~8.65,P<0.001),PLT<100×109/L(OR=6.1,95%CI=1.36~27.33,P<0.05),and the hs-CRP(OR=1.03,95%CI=1.02~1.05,P<0.001)were fever independent impact factors in mild COVID-19.Aiming at COVID-19 treatment,Chinese medicine usage had 416cases(91%),antiviral drugs had 328cases(71.8%),and antibiotics had 172cases(37.6%),furthermore,fever group using antiviral and antibiotic drugs was higher than normal group(P<0.05),and compared to low fever group,high fever group used more antibiotic drugs(P<0.05).Conclusions:Mild COVID-19 patients with early onset had epidemiological characteristics,and fever,dry cough,expectoration and shortness of breath were main symptoms,and chest CT often involved bilateral lung lesions,ground glass shadow and patch density shadow.The fever patients in WBC,LYM,PLT,hs-CRP index changed significantly and could affect on anti-infective therapy selection.

Early diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism after total joint replacement: report of five cases

Objective To study the early diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE) after total joint replacement (TJR). Methods From April 1987 to December 2001, we performed 1 336 total knee replacements (TKR) in 926 patients and 1 745 total hip replacements (RHRs) in 1 566 patients. In this group there were 5 PE patients after operation. Two patients died (all after TKR), and 3 patients salvaged successfully (2 after TKR, 1 after THR). Results The total incidence of PE after TJR was 0. 2% (5/2 492), the incidence of PE after TKR was 0. 4% (4/926), and the incidence of PE after THR was 0.06% (1/1 556). In the patients who suffered PE, 2 died. The incidence of PE before 2000 was 0%. Conclusion Death after total joint replacement is due to pulmonary embolism ( PE), especially massive PE. The incidence of PE after TKR is higher than that after THR. Pulmonary angiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of PE. With more understanding on PE and more popularity of joint replacement, the diagnosis of PE

The value of three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography in the early diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (616 cases report)

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of three dimensional computerized tomography angiography in the diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods 616 cases were diagnosed as suspected intracranial aneurysms in 3D CTA system. Computed tomographic scans and CTA studies were

Upgrading the definition of early gastric cancer: better staging means more appropriate treatment

Since Murakami defined early gastric cancer(EGC) as a "carcinoma limited to the gastric mucosa and/or submucosa regardless of the lymph node status", several authors have focused on the most influential histopathological parameters for predicting the development of lymph node metastases by considering the lymph node status as an important prognostic factor. A few authors have also considered the depth of invasion as one of the keys to explaining the existence of subgroups of patients affected by EGC with poor prognoses. In any case, EGC is still considered an initial phase of tumor progression with good prognosis. The introduction of modern endoscopic devices has allowed a precise diagnosis of early lesions, which can lead to improved definitions of tumors that can be radically treated with endoscopic mucosal resection or endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD). Given the widespread use of these techniques, the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association( JGCA) identified in 2011 the standard criteria that should exclude the presence of lymph node metastases. At that time, EGCs with nodal involvement should have been asserted as no longer fitting the definition of an early tumor. Some authors have also demonstrated that the morphological growth pattern of a tumor, according to Kodama's classification, is one of the most important prognostic factors, thereby suggesting the need to report it in histopathological drafts. Notwithstanding the acquired knowledge regarding the clinical behavior of EGC, Murakami's definition is still being used. This definition needs to be upgraded according to the modern staging of the disease so that the appropriate treatment would be selected.

Chinese national clinical practice guidelines on the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of early gastric cancer

Background:Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system in China.Few comprehensive practice guidelines for early gastric cancer in China are currently available.Therefore,we created the Chinese national clinical practice guideline for the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of early gastric cancer.Methods:This clinical practice guideline(CPG)was developed in accordance with the World Health Organization’s recommended process and with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)in assessing evidence quality.We used the Evidence to Decision framework to formulate clinical recommendations to minimize bias and increase transparency in the CPG development process.We used the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare(RIGHT)statement and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II(AGREE II)as reporting and conduct guidelines to ensure completeness and transparency of the CPG.Results:This CPG contains 40 recommendations regarding the prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and follow-up of early gastric cancer based on available clinical studies and guidelines.We provide recommendations for the timing of Helicobacter pylori eradication,screening populations for early gastric cancer,indications for endoscopic resection and surgical gastrectomy,follow-up interval after treatment,and other recommendations.Conclusions:This CPG can lead to optimum care for patients and populations by providing up-to-date medical information.We intend this CPG for widespread adoption to increase the standard of prevention,screening,diagnosis,treatment,and follow-up of early gastric cancer;thereby,contributing to improving national health care and patient quality of life.

Early gastric cancer:A challenge in Western countries

Early gastric cancer(EGC)is an invasive carcinoma involving only the stomach mucosa or submucosa,independently of lymph node status.EGC represents over 50%of cases in Japan and in South Korea,whereas it accounts only for approximately 20%of all newly diagnosed gastric cancers in Western countries.The main classification systems of EGC are the Vienna histopathologic classification and the Paris endoscopic classification of polypoid and non-polypoid lesions.A careful endoscopic assessment is fundamental to establish the best treatment of EGC.Generally,EGCs are curable if the lesion is completely removed by endoscopic resection or surgery.Some types of EGC can be resected endoscopically;for others the most appropriate treatment is surgical resection and D2 lymphadenectomy,especially in Western countries.The favorable oncological prognosis,the extended lymphadenectomy and the reconstruction of the intestinal continuity that excludes the duodenum make the prophylactic cholecystectomy mandatory to avoid the onset of biliary complications.

Surgery for Early Stage Invasive Cervical Cancer. Experience of the Oncology Department of Ledantec Hospital

Background: Surgery is the treatment for early-stage cervical cancer. Radiochemotherapy is used in the treatment of locally advanced stages. But the choice of treatment can be difficult. Objective: The objective of this work was to evaluate the therapeutic aspects of cervical cancer in the early stages IA to IIA in the oncology department of A Ledantec Hospital in Dakar. Patients and methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study, from January 2015 to December 2020, in the oncology department of A Ledantec Hospital, including all the patients who had been treated for early-stage invasive cervical cancer. Results: We included 28 patients. The average age was 49.54 years old. There were 11 patients (39.3%) with a stage ≤ IB1. Surgery was the first in 14 patients (50%). The initial approach was a midline supra and subumbilical laparotomy. The surgery was R0 in 65.22%. Postoperative complications were found in 4 patients including 1 case of operative wound suppuration, 1 case of dysuria, 1 case of postoperative eventration and 1 case of rectovaginal fistula. Concomitant Radiochemotherapy was neoadjuvant in 7 cases (25%), adjuvant in 14 cases (50%). The chemotherapy was neoadjuvant in 09 cases (56.25%) and adjuvant in 7 cases (43.75%) with minor toxicities. We had recorded 2 deaths. Conclusion: The treatment of the early stages of invasive cervical cancer is based on surgery. Neoadjuvant treatments may be useful in particular situations.

Endoscopic Methods in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

Endoscopic methods are widely used in the diagnosis and palliative treatment of pancreatic cancer. The most sensitive method in early diagnosis is endosonography (EUS) which can also provide histological diagnosis. Diagnostic ERCP became a rather rare procedure as a consequence of wide availability of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) but ERCP assisted intraductal methods have gained importance (brush-cytology, intraductal ultrasound, optical coherence tomography) and finally, peroral pancreatoscopy has become technically feasible but available only in some specialized centers. Minimally invasive endoscopic methods play an important role in the palliative treatment of unresectable pancreatic cancer which represents the majority of cases. EUS-guided histological confirmation of adenocarcinoma is crucial in the election of chemotherapy. Celiac plexus blockade and endoscopic biliary and pancreatic stent placement contribute to pain reduction, drainage of obstructed bile duct and assure a better quality of life.

The enlightenment and application of“Laxative method used in early stage of Febrile Disease”in treating COVID-19

The theory of the TCM laxative method is rich in content.Doctors of past dynasties have used it to treat febrile diseases.And the theory of“Laxative method used in early stage of Febrile Disease”has been praised by later generations.It advocates chasing away evil influence early and paying attention to the laxative method to prevent the spread of disease.the Novel Coronavirus(COVID-19)Infectious Pneumonia belongs to the category of"epidemic"in traditional Chinese medicine.The reasonable application of the cathartic is an important way to provide a way out for evil.However,don’t be blind to use laxative method,you should get it at the right time.The treatment of COVID-19 has different solution at different stages.You should adapt to the changes of the disease to use cathartic.A case in here is attached for reference.

青少年成人脊髓性肌萎缩症高危人群快速识别方法的探索与展望

脊髓性肌萎缩症(SMA)是一种罕见的遗传性神经肌肉病,患者临床异质性较大。根据病情轻重和进展速度共分为5型。近年来随着多学科综合管理的推广和疾病修正治疗药物的应用,SMA患者的预后已明显改善,更多患者进入青少年及成人期。不同类型患者在青少年和成人期的状态各不相同,也使得这一年龄段患者表现更加复杂多样,识别与诊断更为困难。中国幅员辽阔、人口众多,不同地区医疗水平不均衡,进一步加剧了青少年及成人SMA患者的诊疗难题,误诊或诊断延迟仍是许多患者未解决的首要问题。患者就诊时首诊科室分布广泛,加强非神经肌肉病专科医生对青少年及成人SMA高危人群的识别具有重要意义。本文尝试探讨一种简单清晰、可操作性强的青少年成人SMA高危人群“画像”式识别方法,以期帮助可能首诊SMA患者的非神经肌肉病专科医生做到早期识别、早期诊断,使患者尽早获得规范治疗,从而进一步提高患者的临床获益,改善患者及其家庭的生活质量。

结直肠癌早筛、早诊、早治上海方案(2023年版)

结直肠癌是中国常见的恶性肿瘤,目前中国结直肠癌发病率和死亡率呈不断上升趋势,在中国全部恶性肿瘤中发病率位居第2位、死亡率位居第4位,已成为严重威胁人类生命健康的公共卫生问题。大量的研究和实践表明,结直肠癌早筛、早诊、早治是降低结直肠癌患者死亡率的有效措施。上海市自2013年起,持续开展社区结直肠癌筛查,通过早期筛查发现癌前病变、降低发病风险,早期诊断结直肠癌并进行及时治疗,显著延长了结直肠癌患者的生存期。同时,上海市各大医院规范化诊治水平较高,结直肠癌患者5年生存率也相对较高,甚至超过欧美发达国家。但由于地区差异和经济发展的不平衡,中国大部分地区仍未开展结直肠癌相关防治项目,同时,由于基层医院业务能力不足,较低的早期诊断率及早期治疗率成为限制中国结直肠癌患者预后进一步提高的瓶颈。针对基层医院对于结直肠癌背景、风险预防、常用筛查手段、规范性诊断和治疗等方面认知不足的现状,上海市抗癌协会大肠癌专业委员会组织上海各大医院结直肠癌诊治专家,共同编写《结直肠癌早筛、早诊、早治上海方案(2023年版)》,方案从结直肠癌的流行病学、危险因素及保护因素、癌前病变及早期结直肠癌、筛查、早期结直肠癌的诊断和早期结直肠癌的治疗等6个方面进行了详尽介绍,并提供了相关建议供临床医师参考。本方案旨在规范结直肠癌筛查与早诊、早治实践,提升中国结直肠癌的防治效果。结直肠癌的早筛、早诊、早治是提高患者生存率和改善患者预后的关键。目前,结直肠癌虽然已有多种筛查方法,但仍存在灵敏度和特异度不足等问题,同时在全国众多医院,结直肠癌的诊断和治疗还存在着规范化的问题。因此,未来结直肠癌防治之路除了开发更高效的筛查方法、提高早期诊断准确率及探索更安全有效的治疗方法外,还需要在诊断和治疗上为基层医院提供帮扶,强调结直肠癌的诊断和治疗规范化,提高基层医师的诊治水平,提升基层医院的诊治能力,最后还应加强公众健康教育,提高公众对结直肠癌的认知和预防意识。

以极早发型炎性肠病为表型的婴幼儿X连锁淋巴组织增生综合征2型1例并文献复习

报道1例以极早发型炎性肠病为表型的婴幼儿X连锁淋巴组织增生综合征2型患儿的临床资料,并进行文献复习。

HBP、SAA、nCD64在颅内感染早期诊疗中作用的研究进展

开颅术后颅内感染是神经外科的严重并发症,其致残、致死率均较高。临床常规检测颅内感染指标的特异性、敏感性不足,脑脊液细菌培养耗时且阳性率低。近年来,肝素结合蛋白(HBP)、血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、中性粒细胞CD64(nCD64)作为新型感染标志物,在敏感性、特异性方面具有独特优势,并且检测方法简便快捷,在感染诊断、疗效评估、预后判断等方面具有广泛的临床应用前景。本文从HBP、SAA、nCD64在颅内感染早期中的诊断价值、临床应用及检测方法等方面进行综述。

左心室肥厚诊断和治疗临床路径中国专家共识2023

左心室肥厚是一类常见的心脏结构性改变,经影像学检查确诊。起病隐匿,早期症状不典型,易被忽视,延误诊治。多种疾病和情形可致左心室肥厚,近年来针对部分特定病因的治疗显示可显著改善患者预后,故需重视对左心室肥厚相关疾病的病因诊断。本专家共识由中国医师协会心血管内科医师分会心力衰竭学组和心衰中心心肌病专家委员会组织编写,全面介绍了左心室肥厚的早期筛查线索、规范诊治及随访路径。旨在深化广大临床一线医务工作者(尤其是基层医院)加强对左心室肥厚的认识,建立早期识别、早期转诊的意识,提高对常见及罕见左心室肥厚相关疾病的诊治能力,减少漏诊和误诊。

NFKBIA基因突变所致极早发型炎性肠病1例并文献复习

报道1例NFKBIA基因突变所致极早发型炎性肠病患者的临床资料,并进行文献复习。

眼眶淋巴瘤的鉴别诊断和治疗进展

淋巴瘤是成人最常见的眼眶恶性肿瘤,绝大多数起源于B细胞,其中黏膜相关性淋巴组织结外边缘区B细胞淋巴瘤(MALT)是最常见的亚型,其次是弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBL)、滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)和套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)。疾病的组织病理学亚型和临床分期是患者预后的最佳指标。眼眶淋巴瘤缺少影像学特征,需结合临床表现、组织学、分子生物学检查结果与其他眼眶病变进行鉴别。治疗方法包括手术、放射治疗、化学治疗、免疫治疗、靶向治疗等。治疗眼眶淋巴瘤时必须考虑亚型分类及TNM分期。该文对近年来眼眶淋巴瘤的诊疗进展进行总结,为临床工作提供参考。

肺腺癌脑转移的诊疗进展

肺癌是目前已知发病率和病死率最高的恶性肿瘤,而肺癌脑转移是晚期肺腺癌患者中常见的致死性并发症,包括脑实质转移及脑膜转移两种方式。相对于脑实质转移,肺腺癌出现脑膜转移的发生率和临床诊断率都比较低,治疗手段相对受限,效果不佳,自然生存时间较短。单纯依据临床症状、影像学检查及脑脊液细胞学检查诊断,存在漏诊和误诊等情况,可延误患者治疗,而液体活检的出现可大幅提高其早期诊断率。外科手术、化疗、放疗、靶向治疗、抗血管生成治疗及免疫治疗等都可作为肺腺癌脑转移的治疗手段,但对于不同患者,如何选用适合且有效的治疗方案,至今尚无定论。因此,本文就肺腺癌脑转移的诊疗相关研究进展进行综述,以期为肺腺癌脑转移患者寻找最优治疗方案提供理论基础。

急性视网膜坏死综合征的早期诊断及治疗进展

急性视网膜坏死综合征(acute retinal necrosis syndrome,ARNS)是一种主要由疱疹病毒感染引起的以重度全葡萄膜炎、视网膜坏死灶、视网膜动脉为主的视网膜血管炎、玻璃体炎、脉络膜炎和后期视网膜裂孔及脱离为主要临床表现的一组眼病综合征。现阶段ARNS的误诊率仍然较高,早期临床表现缺乏特异性,导致ARNS患者治疗棘手,致盲率高。ARNS一经确诊,应立即行足量的抗病毒药物联合糖皮质激素对症治疗,预防性行视网膜激光光凝术,必要时行玻璃体切割术,尽可能留住患者生活视力。本文结合相关文献,对ARNS的早期诊断及相关治疗进展进行综述。

早期牙隐裂诊疗的研究进展

近年来,牙隐裂的患病率逐渐提升,成为牙齿缺失的重要原因。对牙隐裂进行早期预防以及早发现、早诊断、早治疗,才能达到保留天然牙、保留活髓,以及保持其生理功能的效果。本文从早期牙隐裂的病因、临床表现、诊断、治疗、预后5个方面就近年来的研究进展进行综述。