Power Consumption Characteristics Research on Mobile System of Electrically Driven Large-Load-Ratio Six-Legged Robot

The electrically driven large-load-ratio six-legged robot with engineering capability can be widely used in outdoor and planetary exploration.However,due to the particularity of its parallel structure,the effective utilization rate of energy is not high,which has become an important obstacle to its practical application.To research the power consumption characteristics of robot mobile system is beneficial to speed up it toward practicability.Based on the configuration and walking modes of robot,the mathematical model of the power consumption of mobile system is set up.In view of the tripod gait is often selected for the six-legged robots,the simplified power consumption model of mobile system under the tripod gait is established by means of reducing the dimension of the robot’s statically indeterminate problem and constructing the equal force distribution.Then,the power consumption of robot mobile system is solved under different working conditions.The variable tendencies of the power consumption of robot mobile system are respectively obtained with changes in the rotational angles of hip joint and knee joint,body height,and span.The articulated rotational zones and the ranges of body height and span are determined under the lowest power consumption.According to the walking experiments of prototype,the variable tendencies of the average power consumption of robot mobile system are respectively acquired with changes in duty ratio,body height,and span.Then,the feasibility and correctness of theory analysis are verified in the power consumption of robot mobile system.The proposed analysis method in this paper can provide a reference on the lower power research of the large-load-ratio multi-legged robots.

Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Energy Consumption Minimization of Hydro-Thermal Power Systems

A comparison analysis based method for computing the water consumption volume needed for electric energy production of optimal scheduling in hydro-thermal power systems is presented in this paper. The electric energy produced by hydroelectric plants and coal-fired plants is divided into 4 components: potential energy, kinetic energy, water-deep pressure energy and reservoir energy. A new and important concept, reservoir energy, is proposed, based on which is divided into a number of water bodies, for example 3 water bodies, and a reservoir is analyzed in a new way. This paper presents an optimal scheduling solution of elec-tric energy production of hydro-thermal power systems based on multi-factors analytic method, in which some important factors, such as load demand, reservoir in-flow, water consumption volume increment rate of hydroelectric plants or converted from coal-fired plants, and so on are given to model the objective function and the constraints. A study example with three simulation cases is carried out to illustrate flexibility, adapta-bility, applicability of the proposed method.

Optimisation of Electrical Distribution System by Using Solar Thermal Powered Systems and Its Impact on Electrical Distribution Feeders

In this research, the performance of the solar thermal powered systems (STPS) is analyzed with different models (without inserts, with inserts and with Nano fluids with different concentrations) and its impact on the Electric load in a residential/Institutional Electrical Distribution system. For this purpose, the electrical and solar thermal water heater is tested and validated. Solar thermal powered systems and its impact on the Institutional electrical distribution feeders are tested and compared with the energy efficiency (EE) and cost optimization. The goal of this paper is to analyze the impact of solar thermal energy on electrical energy consumption in the electrical distribution feeder level. The electrical system cost and energy consumptions are tabulated and observed that there is a considerable savings.

Shanghai Electric (Group) Corp.- The pioneer of Power Equipment Manufacturing in China

Shanghai Electric (Group) Corporation (SEC) is a large-scale industrial enterprise group in China engaged in design and manufacturing of power generation equipment, power transmission and distribution equipment and heavy machinery equipment. SEC is separately catalogued in the program of the State Planning Commission. Based on its main economic norms, SEC is listed as one of the 500

Distributed Model Predictive Load Frequency Control of Multi-area Power System with DFIGs

Reliable load frequency control LFC is crucial to the operation and design of modern electric power systems. Considering the LFC problem of a four-Area interconnected power system with wind turbines, this paper presents a distributed model predictive control DMPC based on coordination scheme. The proposed algorithm solves a series of local optimization problems to minimize a performance objective for each control area. The generation rate constraints GRCs, load disturbance changes, and the wind speed constraints are considered. Furthermore, the DMPC algorithm may reduce the impact of the randomness and intermittence of wind turbine effectively. A performance comparison between the proposed controller with and without the participation of the wind turbines is carried out. Analysis and simulation results show possible improvements on closed-loop performance, and computational burden with the physical constraints. © 2014 Chinese Association of Automation.

Estimate of China's energy carbon emissions peak and analysis on electric power carbon emissions

China＇s energy carbon emissions are projected to peak in 2030 with approximately 110% of its 2020 level under the following conditions： 1） China＇s gross primary energy consumption is 5 Gtce in 2020 and 6 Gtce in 2030; 2） coal＇s share of the energy consumption is 61% in 2020 and 55% in 2030; 3） non-fossil energy＇s share increases from 15% in 2020 to 20% in 2030; 4） through 2030, China＇s GDP grows at an average annual rate of 6%; 5） the annual energy consumption elasticity coefficient is 0.30 in average; and 6） the annual growth rate of energy consumption steadily reduces to within 1%. China＇s electricity generating capacity would be 1,990 GW, with 8,600 TW h of power generation output in 2020. Of that output 66% would be from coal, 5% from gas, and 29% from non-fossil energy. By 2030, electricity generating capacity would reach 3,170 GW with 11,900 TW h of power generation output. Of that output, 56% would be from coal, 6% from gas, and 37% from non-fossil energy. From 2020 to 2030, CO2 emissions from electric power would relatively fall by 0.2 Gt due to lower coal consumption, and rela- tively fall by nearly 0.3 Gt with the installation of more coal-fired cogeneration units. During 2020--2030, the portion of carbon emissions from electric power in China＇s energy consumption is projected to increase by 3.4 percentage points. Although the carbon emissions from electric power would keep increasing to 118% of the 2020 level in 2030, the electric power industry would continue to play a decisive role in achieving the goal of increase in non-fossil energy use. This study proposes countermeasures and recommendations to control carbon emissions peak, including energy system optimization, green-coal-fired electricity generation, and demand side management.

Power Network Construction Speeded Up Social power consumption steadily Increased

In this paper, nationwide and State Power Corporation based power production, network operation and power construction during January to September of year 2000 is elaborated with statistical data, and the social electricity consumption is analyzed based on industries and regions.

Manufacturing Development Emphases on Power Generation and Transmission Apparatus in 11th Five-Year Plan Period and Prospect to the Year 2020

Based on predictions on Chinese power development in the coming 20 years, this paper introduces the emphases and key technologies in power sources and power network construction, and puts for ward the major tasks and technological orientation for machinery manufacturers to supply qualified equipment to China power industry.

Survey of Residential Air Conditioning Electricity Consumption in Shanghai

With proliferation of electric appliances, residential electricity consumption, in particular the air conditioning load becomes more and more important and shares higher and higher percentage in total consumption in large cities like Shanghai. The paper reports in detail the survey on characteristics of residential electric consumption, in particular the air conditioning consumption. To optimize power system operation and expand power market, the paper concludes that power industry must learn to investigate, open up and adapt itself to power market economy.

Study of factors influencing the occurrence rate of 60 Hz power line radiation in the topside ionosphere:A systematic survey using the CSES satellite

We analyze the topside ionosphere power line radiation(PLR)at 60 Hz over the US using electric field data collected by CSES satellite between January 2019 and December 2022.The study aimed to further investigate the month-to-month variation characteristic of PLR occurrence rate observed by satellite and its several influencing factors,including solar radiation,lightning activity,and try to clarify the influence of electricity consumption.The results show that the solar radiation(solar zenith angle and F10.7)plays a major role in the variation of the PLR occurrence rate,and that there is no direct connection with the number of lightning.For the relationship between PLR occurrence rate and electricity consumption,the low occurrence rate associated with decreased weekend electricity consumption was not observed in the US.However,there is a significant difference in PLR occurrence rate between the East and West Coasts of the US at the same latitude during the same time period,suggesting that the significant difference in PLR occurrence rate is caused by the significant difference in electricity consumption between the two coasts.After excluding the effect of solar radiation on PLR occurrence rate,we concluded that only a significant difference in regional electricity consumption could lead to a corresponding change in PLR occurrence rate detected by the Low-Earth-Orbit satellite.Finally,we also found there is seasonal variation in the diurnal differences of the PLR occurrence rate caused by seasonal variation of the lower ionosphere.

Have we consumed too much power for our economic development?

The power consumption per unit GDP of China was 3 times higher than that of US and 5 times higher than that of Japan. This high energy consuming has prevented economy from developing at a constant high speed, and is also harmful to environ-ment. The p醦er analyzes the problems of high energy consumption and associate electric elasticity, and points out the way of rapid growth of economy by high energy consumption instead of high energy efficiency is the way of unsustainable.

Study on Negative Impact of Harmonic Components on Sensitive Electric Equipment

Distribution systems operators are often confronted with declined power quality, which can cause substantial economical losses. The problem analyzed in paper concerns thyristor controlled direct current motor used for ski-lift in ski resort as a source of disturbances with negative impact on sensitive electric equipment, which is then unable to operate correctly. To solve mentioned problems, series of measurements of voltage quality parameters were carried out according to the respective valid standards. Crucial power quality parameters necessary for parallel power active filter design were then analyzed. Power active filter compensates power factor and filters characteristic current harmonics. After power active filter was put into operation, power quality problems were eliminated. Payback period is estimated up to four years.

面向电力装备自供电传感的微纳能源收集技术

数智化电网的建设依赖于海量分布式电力装备状态监测传感器,提升传感器的供电可靠性进而实现自供电感知,对拓展设备状态感知系统的深度和广度具有重要意义。近年来,以纳米发电机为代表的微纳能源收集方法与器件被广泛关注,其能够将多元、分散的机械能、热能、电磁能等转化为电能,搭配微能量存储元件与低功耗微纳传感器实现自供电传感。该文围绕面向电力装备自供电传感的微纳能源收集方法这一主题,首先介绍了电力装备及其运行环境微能量的分布特性;其次,总结了以热电纳米发电机、摩擦纳米发电机、压电纳米发电机、磁场能收集发电机、水伏发电机为代表的微纳能源收集方法原理及特点,分析了其在电力装备场景下的适用性,同时综述了基于微纳能源器件的电力装备微能量收集与自供电传感最新研究进展,并提出了本领域目前发展面临的主要技术难点和潜在解决方案。最后,展望了微纳能源收集方法及器件的发展趋势,有望为电力装备自供电状态监测和数智化发展提供参考与指导。

适应新型电力系统的电力互替品市场——(一)理念与构想

新型电力系统重塑了能源生产消费结构,电力市场机制也需随之改变。首先,分析指出提升系统调节能力是新型电力系统下市场机制设计的首要目标;围绕该目标给出了市场机制应具备的特点,包括利于激发调节动力、释放调节能力、接纳各种新型调节资源等。其次,对世界各国现货市场普遍采用的分时交易机制进行了分析,指出其与新型电力系统存在诸多不适应之处,包括市场主体调节贡献无法被量化表征,市场主体连续运行特性与分时交易机制相矛盾、调节能力难以完全释放,以及难以满足海量柔性资源直接参与电力市场的需求等。为此,文中舍弃分时交易的方式,转而提出整体交易机制与电力互替品概念,介绍了形成与交易电力互替品的主要思路,并以电力互替品为核心构想了新型市场机制。该机制可通过调节责任划分量化各主体调节贡献,激发市场主体的调节动力;同时,也能促进市场主体主动优化自身运行方式,释放调节能力;具有易于扩展的优势,可轻松接纳新型电力系统下层出不穷的各类新型主体。

某纯电驱动重载车辆能耗预测模型

高精度能耗预测模型是准确预测车辆续驶里程的重要前提。针对载荷大幅度变化且非结构化道路运行的纯电驱动重载车辆,建立其组合能耗模型,该模型由能耗计算基本模型与长短时记忆(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)神经网络差值修正两部分组成。基于能量流动过程驱动电机和变速器效率建模,结合汽车行驶动力学建立能耗计算基本模型;采用LSTM神经网络来修正基本模型能耗预测结果与车辆典型工况功率测试值的差值,有效提高了大幅变载荷且低信噪比坡度环境下的车辆能耗预测精度,因此组合能耗模型具有参数简单和模型拟合不需解释能耗规律的优点。经试验测试分析,与VT-Micro能耗模型和径向基(Radial Basis Function,RBF)神经网络能耗模型相比,所提组合能耗模型的功率预测平均误差率分别降低了17.76%和3.35%,能够实现纯电驱动重载车辆复杂工况下能耗的准确实时预测。

考虑碳排放的电动汽车与光伏协同的调度策略

从负荷聚合商角度考虑,通过提高其运营负荷中电动汽车充电负荷与光伏的协同性,可以实现聚合商对光伏的及时消纳,降低碳排放水平。首先,结合光伏出力特点与需求响应形式提出两种电动汽车调度策略:“绿电”收费策略与“绿电”补贴策略。“绿电”收费策略即依据光伏出力情况,制定出高、中、低三档的充电价格引导电动汽车有序充电;“绿电”补贴策略是在“绿电”收费策略的基础上,对各时段的充电价格给予不同额度的补贴,进一步提高电动汽车响应积极性。通过将碳排放水平纳入经济性目标建立包含售电收益、服务费收益以及碳收益的综合收益最大的目标函数,并运用遗传算法进行优化求解。仿真结果表明,所提策略有效提高了电动汽车与光伏的协同性,实现了负荷聚合商的增收减排。

双积分政策下考虑电耗、新能源偏好的决策研究

为探讨汽车制造商面对国内汽车行业电气化转型的生产决策问题,在双积分政策背景下针对制造商、零售商组成的二级供应链构建两种生产情形下不同决策模型,并引入新能源汽车电能消耗和消费者新能源偏好,运用Stackelberg博弈求得不同生产情形中不同决策模式下供应链各成员最优生产决策与收益分析。结果表明:双积分政策的深入实施有利于提高新能源汽车电能消耗水平,降低新能源汽车销售价格,扩大市场规模的同时促使燃油车提高减排水平;车企应选择在集中决策模式下提高新能源车型产能,逐渐减少传统燃油车产量,给供应链中各成员带来更多收益;从短期看制造商继续生产燃油车的生产情形所获收益虽高于停产燃油车情形,但其收益波动较大且制造商停产燃油车全面转型生产新能源汽车后的收益呈稳定增长趋势。

机电顾问视角下城市综合体电气设计的思考

结合杭州某一城市综合体项目,分析了城市综合体建筑的电气设计的重点、难点及关键技术,归纳不同餐饮形态的负荷指标,并总结出经验取值范围;提出商业综合体的两种高压供电形式,并给出了不同选用原则;总结了酒店柴油发电机的设置原则;结合以往工作经验,提供了大型设备运输方案。

基于PLC的数控机床电气设备电压稳态控制研究

数控机床电气设备的电压稳态控制的网络损耗高,导致控制效果差,提出基于PLC的数控机床电气设备电压稳态控制研究。根据电气设备等效电路,分析数控机床电气设备无功输出原理,通过压降计算原理,计算数控机床电气设备间的压降,设计电气设备电压稳态控制方案,实现数控机床电气设备的电压稳态PLC控制。实验结果表明,设计方法将数控机床电气设备网络损耗控制在25 W以内,从而保证数控机床电气设备的安全稳定运行,该方法具备可行性和有效性。