Increase of Income of Farmers and Herdsmen in Tibet in the New Period

The disposable income per capita of rural residents in Tibet was 7471 yuan in 2014. There is a high gap with the national average disposable income per capita of rural residents( 10489 yuan). Thus,it is urgent to increase income of farmers and herdsmen in Tibet. On the basis of literature in recent years,this paper analyzed methods for increasing income of farmers and herdsmen in Tibet,major factors restricting increase of their income,and approaches for increasing their income. It is expected to provide certain reference for further expanding ideas of increase of their income in the new period.

Advances in Studies of Increase of Farmers' Income

The issue concerning increase of farmers' income is always a hot spot from central to local areas. Scholars of economics,sociology,and history have made extensive theoretical and empirical studies on this and relevant achievements are abundant. This paper firstly summarized relevant literature research achievements of domestic and foreign scholars. From various agricultural supporting and benefiting policies of central and local government in recent years,it found out major factors restricting growth of farmers' income. From economic development rules,combining theories of regional comparative advantages,agricultural development and regional economic development,it is expected to solve problems in increase of farmers' income,and realize scientific policies and management,accurate strategies,advanced and feasible decisions. Finally,it came up with pertinent recommendations for increasing farmers' income.

Land Circulation and Increase of Farmers' Income: A Case Study of Dazhou City

With adjustment of rural industrial structure,development of rural secondary and tertiary industries,and transfer of rural labor,rural land circulation is accelerating. However,due to ideas,household contract responsibility system,and lack of well-established market mechanism and effective management organizations,land circulation in Dazhou is still very slow and its contribution to increase of farmers' income is to be improved. Through survey on increase of farmers' income after land circulation in Dazhou,it analyzed plight of land circulation,in the hope of seeking feasible paths for increasing farmers' income.

The Evolutive Law concerning Relationship between Economic Growth and Farmers' Income Increase in Xinjiang since the Reform and Opening-up:An Empirical Analysis of the VEC Model

We select the per capita gross domestic product and rural residents' per capita net income in Xinjiang as the indicator variables to measure economic growth and farmers' income increase in Xinjiang, respectively. We establish the cointegration equation, the vector error correction (VEC) model, and use the impulse response function to conduct empirical analysis of the evolutive law concerning relationship between economic growth and farmers' income increase in Xinjiang during the period 1978-2010. The results show that there is a cointegration relationship between economic growth in Xinjiang and farmers' income increase; the former plays an important role in promoting the latter, following the evolutive law "first intensify, then abate, intensify again, and finally become stable". We put the following policy recommendations: providing preferential policies for farmers, scientifically and rationally guiding the transfer of rural labor; improving the function of agriculture, increasing the proportion of non-farm income; gradually bridging the widening income gap between urban and rural areas, coordinating urban and rural development.

Study on Increase of Farmers' Income in Tibet from an Ecological Tourism Perspective——A Case Study of Puqu Town in Nyingchi County

Based on investigation data of farmers＇ income in Puqu Town, Nyingchi County during 2008 -2013, sources of farmers＇ income and effects of ecological tourism on increase of farmers＇ income in Puqu Town were analyzed. The results show that crop farming and animal husbandry are still main sources of increase of farmers＇ income, and ecological tourism has played increasingly important roles in increase of farmers＇ income; household productive management income is dominant but increases slowly, but household service management income increases rapidly; all kinds of subsidies also contribute to increase of farmers＇ income; ecological tourism and increase of farmers＇ income show rational retum trends to a cer- tain degree; because of shortcomings in tourism management, ecological tourism in Puqu Town develops slowly; the overall development of ecolog- ical tourism is not consistent with increase of farmers＇ income.

Regional Agricultural Input-Output Model and Countermeasure for Production and Income Increase of Farmers in Southern Xinjiang,China

Agricultural input and output status in southern Xinjiang,China is introduced,such as lack of agricultural input,low level of agricultural modernization,excessive fertilizer use,serious damage of environment,shortage of water resources,tremendous pressure on ecological balance,insignificant economic and social benefits of agricultural production in southern Xinjiang,agriculture remaining a weak industry,agricultural economy as the economic subject of southern Xinjiang,and backward economic development of southern Xinjiang.Taking the Aksu area as an example,according to the input and output data in the years 2002-2007,input-output model about regional agriculture of the southern Xinjiang is established by principal component analysis.DPS software is used in the process of solving the model.Then,Eviews software is adopted to revise and test the model in order to analyze and evaluate the economic significance of the results obtained,and to make additional explanations of the relevant model.Since the agricultural economic output is seriously restricted in southern Xinjiang at present,the following countermeasures are put forward,such as adjusting the structure of agricultural land,improving the utilization ratio of land,increasing agricultural input,realizing agricultural modernization,rationally utilizing water resources,maintaining eco-environmental balance,enhancing the awareness of agricultural insurance,minimizing the risk and loss,taking the road of industrialization of characteristic agricultural products,and realizing the transfer of surplus labor force.

Income Increases in Urban China

From December 1996 to January 1997;A s ampling survey of the income level of urban residents in China was conducted jointly by the State Statisti-cal Bureau。the Ministry of Iabour,the All1-China Federation of Trade U-nions,the Ministry of Gvi1 Affairs,

Plight and Path in Agricultural Modernization Promotion through Endogenous Increase of Farmers' Income

From analysis on the plight of promotion of agricultural modernization through endogenous increase of farmers' income,it is believed that the fundamental obstacle lies in inherent weakness of agriculture,lagging of farmers' quality,as well as defectiveness of agricultural external system.On this basis,an available path,namely energetically developing the industrialized,market-oriented and knowledge-based agriculture is put forward.

农业保险、农业规模经营与农业绿色发展

农业保险对农业现代化发展具有重要影响。文章从农业保险影响农业规模经营、产生增收效应和环境效应入手,采用2007—2021年省级面板数据,分析农业保险通过农业规模经营对农业绿色发展产生的影响。研究表明:农业保险是推动农业规模经营并促进农业绿色发展的重要因素;农业规模经营是农业保险助推农业绿色发展的中介机制;多维环境效应研究表明,农业保险对农业碳排放、农业化肥面源污染有重要影响;农民收入水平较低和农作物种植规模较高的地区,农业保险更有利于推动农业绿色发展。由此,提出充分发挥农业保险优势、促进农业绿色发展的建议。

农业产业化联合体:理论机制及发展趋势

农业产业化联合体是近年来兴起的一种以分工协作为前提,以规模经营为依托,以利益联结为纽带的新型农业产业化组织。但由于发展时间短和组织形态特殊等原因,理论研究和实践探索对农业产业化联合体性质的认识和发展规律的把握尚不清晰。笔者通过对农业产业化联合体组织特征、运行机制、功能作用及发展趋势的剖析认为,农业产业化联合体是具有联盟性质的合作经济组织,其成员异质性程度高,组织架构呈现立体式,治理方式具有关系保障+章程管理+合约约束的多元重叠特征。相较于其他农业产业化组织,农业产业化联合体内部主体联结更为紧密,要素流通效率更高,创新机制更容易与新模式、新技术、新业态相结合,在保障粮食安全、提高食品质量安全水平、推动农业发展方式绿色化转型、促进乡村兴旺和实现共同富裕等方面具有独特功能。针对当前农业产业化联合体发展状况,政府应重点在法人地位落实、小农户偏向机制和针对性政策扶持等方面进一步完善相关法规,以促进农业产业化联合体更好服务农业现代化建设。

数字素养的农户收入增长效应研究

作为数字时代重要的新型人力资本,数字素养成为农户生计资本的重要组成部分。数字素养的提升使农户能够更好地应用先进技术、获取市场信息、拓展销售渠道、增加非农就业创业机会,从而产生显著的收入增长效应。采用“中国乡村振兴综合调查”(CRRS)2020年的数据,从数字设备操作、数字资源获取、数字技术应用、数字意识4个维度选取18项指标评价样本数字素养,实证检验数字素养对农户收入的影响,结果发现:农户数字素养提升能够显著增加其人均农业收入、人均非农收入和人均总收入,该收入增长效应对流动性约束较强的农户和非城郊村的农户更为显著;数字素养可以通过提高农业劳动生产率的路径增加农户农业收入,也可以通过促进家庭生计多样化的路径增加农户非农收入。因此,数字素养不仅具有显著的农户增收效应,而且有助于长尾群体共享数字红利,应在加强和普及数字素养教育的同时,重点帮扶数字弱势群体以缩小数字鸿沟,并切实提高农业劳动生产率和促进农户生计多样化,充分发挥数字素养的农户增收效应。

农民增收路径的协同演化机制研究 ——基于哈肯模型对重庆市武隆区数据的实证分析

共同富裕是中国式现代化的重要特征,其中最艰巨的任务是推动农村居民可持续增收,实现共同富裕.该文修正了哈肯模型,基于重庆市武隆区2012-2022年的数据,识别序参量,计算协同度,推导出了3条结论:①产业收入将是农民长期稳定的收入来源;②农村“城市化”建设将可持续带动农民增收;③最近3年来,产业收入协同度不断降低,改革势在必行.结合研究结论,提出了3条政策建议.

统防统治对茶农农药减量的影响研究:基于福建和浙江的实证分析

病虫害统防统治能带动农药大面积减量增效,对推进农业高质量发展具有重要意义。基于福建省与浙江省530户茶叶种植户的微观调查数据,采用内生转换模型实证分析了茶农采纳统防统治对农药使用行为的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)茶农统防统治的采纳受到不同因素的影响,茶农年龄越小、身体健康状况越差,越偏好风险和越倾向于采纳统防统治。(2)统防统治的采纳能够显著减少茶农的农药使用量。若已采纳统防统治的茶农不采纳统防统治,每667 m 2的平均农药支出将会增加31.02%;若未采纳统防统治的茶农采纳统防统治,其每667 m 2的平均农药支出将会下降12.32%。(3)统防统治的采纳能够显著增加茶农的收入。若采纳统防统治的茶农不采纳统防统治,其家庭年人均总收入将下降59.23%;若未采纳统防统治的茶农能够采纳统防统治,其家庭年人均总收入将增加32.60%。研究结论对农户采纳统防统治、实现农药减量、推动现代农业绿色高质量发展、实现农户增收具有重要意义。

数字乡村建设赋能农牧民增收效应研究:基于西藏县域数据的实证检验

基于2019—2020年西藏65个县域数字乡村指数数据,实证检验了西藏县域数字乡村建设赋能农牧民增收效应。结果表明:(1)数字乡村建设对西藏县域农牧民收入具有正向影响;数字基础设施、乡村经济数字化、乡村治理数字化对西藏县域农牧民收入具有显著正向影响,且乡村经济数字化的影响效应最大,乡村生活数字化对农牧民收入的影响效应不显著。(2)异质性分析结果显示,随着时间的推移,数字乡村指数不断提高,对农牧民增收的促进效应不断提升;非边境县数字乡村建设对西藏农牧民的收入效应显著为正,边境县影响效应不显著;农区县和半农半牧县数字乡村建设对西藏农牧民增收的影响效应具有积极促进作用,且农区县的促进作用更大,而牧区县影响效应不显著。

数字经济赋能扩大内需的影响机制研究——基于多重中介模型

数字经济为我国实施扩大内需战略提供重要动力。文章基于2013—2021年省级面板数据分析数字经济和内需发展水平的时空演化特征,通过固定效应和中介效应模型的实证检验,探究数字经济赋能扩大内需的影响机制。研究发现:数字经济能够有效提升区域内需发展水平,在一系列稳健性检验之后,这一结论仍然成立。此外,数字经济影响内需发展存在区域异质性,对中西部和低内需发展水平地区的促进作用更强。机制分析表明:技术创新、产业结构升级以及收入增加是有效的赋能机制;数字经济通过促进技术创新能力提高、产业结构升级和农村居民增收拉动消费需求和投资需求,从而助力扩大内需。

新疆乡村振兴与共同富裕的影响机制分析

文章采用2010-2021年新疆维吾尔自治区统计数据,构建了固定效应面板回归模型来分析乡村产业振兴对新疆农村居民收入的影响。研究发现,乡村振兴发展会促进新疆农村居民收入的增长,乡村振兴水平每增加1个单位,农村居民收入、农村居民工资性收入、农村居民其他收入将分别增加0.857、0.701以及1.018个单位。同时,乡村振兴还会调整农村居民的收入结构,更多地转向农村居民工资性收入之外其他收入的增长。

新型农业经营主体的增收效应及其路径研究

提高新型农业经营主体的增收效应可有效助推乡村产业振兴和共同富裕目标的实现。文章深入剖析新型农业主体增收效应的理论逻辑,通过对其条件因素进行判断分析,运用多值集定性比较分析(MVQCA)方法,分析新型农业经营主体的增收效应及其具体路径条件。研究显示,经营主体类型、经营主体及其负责人的能力资本这类内生因素和政府扶持政策、市场有效配置、普惠金融发展这类外生因素共同影响着新型农业经营主体的增收效应。其中,新型农业经营主体及其负责人能力资本强弱与新型农业经营主体增收的强效应和弱效应呈对应同方向发展。政府扶持政策、市场有效配置和普惠金融发展强弱与新型农业经营主体增收强、弱效应均呈对应同方向发展。

新发展阶段粮食安全与农民增收路径

运用2010-2021年我国26个省份的面板数据,以粮食产量为产出变量,以劳动力、资本、水资源、土地资源、农药、化肥为投入变量,计算粮食生产效率,运用回归模型分析粮食生产效率对农民收入的影响。回归分析结果显示粮食生产效率对农民收入具有正的影响,据此提出降低农业生产成本、促进城镇化与农业现代化协同发展、优化财政支农形式等建议,以提高粮食生产效率,促进农民增收。

促进农民持续增收:主要瓶颈、实现路径与政策优化

自党的十八大以来,一系列强农惠农富农的利好举措促使农民收入持续增长。进一步促进农民持续增收,仍然是当前“三农”问题研究的焦点话题,需要充分认识农民收入增长的特征和趋势并分析促进农民持续增收的主要瓶颈,提出促进农民增收的实现路径和政策优化。近年来,农民收入持续增长,但增速放缓;农民收入总体增速较快,但低收入家庭增速较慢;城乡收入差距缩小,但收入差距绝对量大;农民收入增速高于国内生产总值增速,但地区发展不平衡。农民持续增收仍存在农民务工增长乏力、农业生产经营效益不高、农业专业化产业化程度偏低、农业生产性配套服务不足等主要瓶颈。基于此,促进农民持续增收,应保障农民稳定务工就业、优化要素配置提升农业经营收益、提升农业专业化产业化水平、推动农业生产性配套服务升级,并进一步优化农民创业就业政策、乡村产业发展政策、农业支持保护政策、农村土地改革政策。