In endurance time(ET) method structures are subjected to a set of predesigned intensifying excitations. These excitations are produced in a way that their response spectrum, while complying with a specifi ed spectrum,...In endurance time(ET) method structures are subjected to a set of predesigned intensifying excitations. These excitations are produced in a way that their response spectrum, while complying with a specifi ed spectrum, intensifi es with time so they can be used approximately to simulate the average effects of several ground motions scaled to different intensities. In this paper applicability of the ET method for evaluating collapse potential of buildings is investigated. A set of four steel moment frames is used for collapse assessment. The process of using ET method in collapse evaluation is explained and the results are compared with incremental dynamic analysis(IDA) results. It is shown that although the computational effort using the ET method is much less than the IDA analysis, the results of both methods are consistent. Finally collapse fragility curves using ET and IDA methods are produced and it is shown that the probabilities of collapse in different hazard levels are also consistent.展开更多
3-D Networks-on-Chip （NoC） emerge as a potent solution to address both the interconnection and design complexity problems facing future Multiprocessor System-on-Chips （MPSoCs）. Effective run-time mapping on such 3...3-D Networks-on-Chip （NoC） emerge as a potent solution to address both the interconnection and design complexity problems facing future Multiprocessor System-on-Chips （MPSoCs）. Effective run-time mapping on such 3-D NoC-based MPSoCs can be quite challenging, as the arrival order and task graphs of the target applications are typically not known a priori, which can be further complicated by stringent energy requirements for NoC systems. This paper thus presents an energy-aware run-time incremental mapping algorithm （ERIM） for 3-D NoC which can minimize the energy consumption due to the data communications among processor cores, while reducing the fragmentation effect on the incoming applications to be mapped, and simultaneously satisfying the thermal constraints imposed on each incoming application. Specifically, incoming applications are mapped to cuboid tile regions for lower energy consumption of communication and the minimal routing. Fragment tiles due to system fragmentation can be gleaned for better resource utilization. Extensive experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm ERIM, and the results are compared against the optimal mapping algorithm （branch-and-bound） and two heuristic algorithms （TB and TL）. The experiments show that ERIM outperforms TB and TL methods with significant energy saving （more than 10%）, much reduced average response time, and improved system utilization.展开更多
文摘In endurance time(ET) method structures are subjected to a set of predesigned intensifying excitations. These excitations are produced in a way that their response spectrum, while complying with a specifi ed spectrum, intensifi es with time so they can be used approximately to simulate the average effects of several ground motions scaled to different intensities. In this paper applicability of the ET method for evaluating collapse potential of buildings is investigated. A set of four steel moment frames is used for collapse assessment. The process of using ET method in collapse evaluation is explained and the results are compared with incremental dynamic analysis(IDA) results. It is shown that although the computational effort using the ET method is much less than the IDA analysis, the results of both methods are consistent. Finally collapse fragility curves using ET and IDA methods are produced and it is shown that the probabilities of collapse in different hazard levels are also consistent.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 60873112 and 61028004, the National Natural Science Foundation of USA under Grant No. CNS-1126688.
文摘3-D Networks-on-Chip （NoC） emerge as a potent solution to address both the interconnection and design complexity problems facing future Multiprocessor System-on-Chips （MPSoCs）. Effective run-time mapping on such 3-D NoC-based MPSoCs can be quite challenging, as the arrival order and task graphs of the target applications are typically not known a priori, which can be further complicated by stringent energy requirements for NoC systems. This paper thus presents an energy-aware run-time incremental mapping algorithm （ERIM） for 3-D NoC which can minimize the energy consumption due to the data communications among processor cores, while reducing the fragmentation effect on the incoming applications to be mapped, and simultaneously satisfying the thermal constraints imposed on each incoming application. Specifically, incoming applications are mapped to cuboid tile regions for lower energy consumption of communication and the minimal routing. Fragment tiles due to system fragmentation can be gleaned for better resource utilization. Extensive experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm ERIM, and the results are compared against the optimal mapping algorithm （branch-and-bound） and two heuristic algorithms （TB and TL）. The experiments show that ERIM outperforms TB and TL methods with significant energy saving （more than 10%）, much reduced average response time, and improved system utilization.
