Assessing the seismic behavior of steel moment frames equipped by elliptical brace through incremental dynamic analysis(IDA)

Incremental dynamic analysis and nonlinear static pushover analysis are carried out on a performance-based design to determine the seismic demands and capacities of an elliptic braced moment resisting frame(ELBRF).The objective is to assess ductility,overstrength and response modification factors in a modern steel-braced structural system based on incremental dynamic analysis.This integrated system is connected to a beam and column with an appropriate length while providing enough architectural space to allow for an opening without having the common problems associated with architectural spaces in braced systems.Several different classes of buildings are considered on soil type II.Linear dynamic analysis,nonlinear static pushover analysis and incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis related to 12 records from past earthquakes are carried out using OpenSees software.The factors of ductility,overstrength and response modification are calculated for this system.The values of 9.5 and 6.5 are found and suggested only for the response modification factor for ELBRF systems in allowable stress and ultimate limit state methods,respectively.The fragility curves are plotted for the first time for this type of bracing,which contributes to the assessment of building seismic damage.

Incremental dynamic analysis of concrete gravity dams including base and lift joints

The growth in computer processing power has made it possible to use time-consuming analysis methods such as incremental dynamic analysis（IDA） with higher accuracy in less time.In an IDA study,a series of earthquake records are applied to a structure at successively increasing intensity levels,which causes the structure to shift from the elastic state into the inelastic state and finally into collapse.In this way,the limit-states and capacity of a structure can be determined.In the present research,the IDA of a concrete gravity dam considering a nonlinear concrete behavior,and sliding planes within the dam body and at the dam-foundation interface,is performed.The influence of the friction angle and lift joint slope on the response parameters are investigated and the various limit-states of the dam are recognized.It is observed that by introducing a lift joint,the tensile damage can be avoided for the dam structure.The lift joint sliding is essentially independent of the base joint friction angle and the upper ligament over the inclined lift joint slides into the upstream direction in strong earthquakes.

Equating incremental dynamic analysis with static nonlinear analysis at near-field excitation

In an incremental dynamic analysis(IDA) using a set of ground motion records,nonlinear time history analysis needs to be performed on structures.It is well recognized that IDA calls for high computational efforts and the results are highly sensitive to selected ground motions.As a result,alternative static methods are needed.This study aims to introduce a new double-stage(N1- N2) static method to estimate capacity curves of MR frames.The technique is regulated to resemble IDA results with specific emphasis on near-field ground motions.Using an ensemble of 56 near-field earthquake records,required ID As have been carried out for SAC-Los Angeles 3-,9- and 20-story buildings and an additional 15-story building.The results of the proposed static method are compared with those from IDA,displacement-based adaptive procedure(DAP),and multimodal procedure(MMP).The results indicate that in addition to enhanced accuracy,very little time is required in the case of N1-N2 method.Thus,for the 3-story structure,the time required is less than 1 minute.The proposed N1-N2 method shows the best accuracy in terms of lateral mechanisms for the 15-story frame while for the other cases,the first mode load pattern leads to the best accuracy.

基于IDA方法的柱承式筒仓结构地震易损性分析

易损性分析是柱承式筒仓结构开展基于性能设计研究的重要基础。为此,选用某钢筋混凝土柱承式筒仓为研究对象,通过有限元软件ABAQUS,分别采用混凝土损伤塑性模型和理想弹塑性模型(Dracker-Prager)模拟筒仓结构及仓内粮食颗粒,建立考虑粮食-仓体相互作用的柱承式筒仓非线性有限元模型。根据增量动力分析法(IDA),按照谱相容性原则选取10条地震动记录,分别以最大层间位移角和地面峰值加速度作为筒仓结构工程需求参数和地震动强度参数,进行空仓、半仓、满仓三种储粮工况的柱承式筒仓结构地震易损性分析以及地震损伤风险评估。结果表明:(1)三种储粮工况下柱承式筒仓结构最大层间位移角均发生在柱顶位置,支承柱进入塑性状态的层间位移角分别为0.015、0.013、0.011 rad;(2)储粮质量大小是决定柱承式筒仓结构损伤刚度退化的重要因素;(3)三种储粮工况下的柱承式筒仓结构均满足“小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒”的抗震设防目标;(4)满仓工况筒仓50年超越倒塌极限状态的概率为0.45%,小于FEMA P750中定义的50年倒塌风险的限值1%。研究成果可为筒仓结构基于性能的设计研究及抗震性能评估提供依据。

基于IDA方法的带可替换耗能梁段偏心支撑钢框架结构影响系数研究

为研究带可替换双槽钢型剪切耗能梁段偏心支撑钢框架中耗能梁段的截面尺寸、梁段长度、加劲肋个数以及结构层数对于结构影响系数R和位移放大系数C_(d)的影响,通过OpenSees有限元软件对18个不同参数的模型进行增量动力时程分析(IDA),得到各模型的结构影响系数和位移放大系数.结果表明:通过合理设计耗能梁段的构造参数,能够提高带可替换双槽钢型剪切耗能梁段防屈曲偏心支撑钢框架的抗震能力以及变形能力,给出R和C_(d)的建议值,为偏心支撑钢框架结构影响系数的研究提供参考.

基于IDA的钢-混凝土混合风电塔筒地震易损性分析

为研究钢-混凝土混合风电塔筒的抗震性能,基于弹塑性纤维梁柱单元理论建立了某钢-混凝土混合风电塔筒二维数值模型,先依据推覆分析结果确定塔筒的5种损伤状态限值,然后分别以截面曲率和考虑高阶振型的复合地震动强度参数IM 1I&2E作为结构需求参数和地震动强度参数,接着选取20条地震动记录进行塔筒的增量动力分析,建立塔筒的地震易损性曲线,并对塔筒的抗震性能进行评估。结果表明:混合塔筒模型的损伤程度与地震动强度参数呈正相关,其抗震性能可满足Ⅶ度(0.15 g)地震作用下的抗震要求,但在Ⅷ度罕遇地震作用下及处于更高烈度区的风电塔筒应当进行专门的抗震设计。

Seismic reliability assessment of a steel moment-resisting frame with two different ductility levels using a cloud analysis approach

A cloud method for generating percentile engineering demand parameter versus intensity measure(EDP-IM) curves of a structure subjected to a set of synthetic ground motions is presented. To this end, an ensemble of synthetic ground motions based on available real ones is generated. This is done by using attenuation relationships, duration and suitable Gutenberg-Richter relations attributed to the considered seismic hazard at a given site by estimating a suitable distribution of magnitude and site to source distance. The study aims to clarify the significance of the duration and frequency content on the seismic performance of structures, which were not considered in developing percentile incremental dynamic analysis(IDA) curves. The collapse probabilities of two steel moment-resisting frames with different ductility levels generated by IDA and the proposed cloud method are compared at different intensity levels. When compared with conventional IDA, the suggested cloud analysis(SCA) methodology with the same run number of dynamic analyses was able to develop response hazard curves that were more consistent with site-specific seismic hazards. Eliminating the need to find many real records by generating synthetic records consistent with site-specific seismic hazards from a few available recorded ground motions is another advantage of using this scheme over the IDA method..

Analysis of Office-Teaching Comprehensive Buildings Using a Modified Seismic Performance Evaluation Method

Current building design codes allow the appearance of structural and nonstructural damage under design basis earthquakes.The research regarding probabilistic seismic loss estimation in domestic building structure is urgent.The evaluation in this paper is based on a 11-story reinforced concrete office building,incremental dynamic analysis(IDA)is conducted in Perform 3D program using models capable to simulate all possible limit states up to collapse.Next,the probability distribution of post-earthquake casualties,rebuild costs repair costs and business downtime loss are calculated in PACT software for the studied building considering the modified component vulnerability groups and population flow models.The evaluation procedure can also shed light on other types of buildings in China.For non-typical functional building structures,this article proposes to build a finite element model of structural components and to classify the vulnerability groups based on the construction drawings,and to supply and improve the vulnerability library of appendages in FEMA P-58 according to the actual situation.In this way,the application scope of building seismic performance evaluation can be expanded.

Comparison of seismic fragility analysis methods for arch dams

This study focuses on the seismic fragility analysis of arch dams.The multiple stripe analysis(MSA),cloud analysis(CLA),and incremental dynamic analysis(IDA)methods are compared.A comprehensive dam-reservoir-foundation rock system,which considers the opening of contraction joints,the nonlinearity of dam concrete and foundation rock,the radiation damping effect of semi-unbounded foundation,and the compressibility of reservoir water,is used as a numerical example.225,80,and 15 earthquake records are selected for MSA,CLA,and IDA,respectively.The results show that MSA provides satisfactory fragility analysis,while both CLA and IDA have assumptions that may lead to deviations.Therefore,MSA is the most reliable method among the three methods and is recommended for the fragility analysis of arch dams.It is also shown that the choice of demand level affects the reliability of fragility curves and the effect of the material uncertainty on the fragility of the dam is not significant.

Analysis of Capacity Decay, Impedance, and Heat Generation of Lithium-ionBatteries Experiencing Multiple Simultaneous Abuse Conditions

Abuse of Lithium-ion batteries,both physical and electrochemical,can lead to significantly reduced operational capabilities.In some instances,abuse can cause catastrophic failure,including thermal runaway,combustion,and explosion.Many different test standards that include abuse conditions have been developed,but these generally consider only one condition at a time and only provide go/no-go criteria.In this work,different types of cell abuse are implemented concurrently to determine the extent to which simultaneous abuse conditions aggravate cell degradation and failure.Vibrational loading is chosen to be the consistent type of physical abuse,and the first group of cells is cycled at different vibrational frequencies.The next group of cells is cycled at the same frequencies,with multiple charge pulses occurring during each discharge.The final group of cells is cycled at the same frequencies,with a partial nail puncture occurring near the beginning of cycling.The results show that abusing cells with vibrational loading or vibrational loading with current pulses does not cause a significant decrease in operational capabilities while abusing cells with vibrational loading and a nail puncture drastically reduces operational capabilities.The cells with vibration only experience an increase in internal resistance by a factor of 1.09–1.26,the cells with vibration and current pulses experience an increase in internal resistance by a factor of 1.16–1.23,and all cells from each group reach their rated lifetime of 500 cycles without reaching their end-of-life capacity.However,the cells with vibration and nail puncture experience an increase in internal resistance by a factor of 6.83–22.1,and each cell reaches its end-of-life capacity within 50 cycles.Overall,the results show that testing multiple abuse conditions simultaneously provides a better representation of the extreme limitations of cell operation and should be considered for inclusion in reference test standards.

基于IDA方法的综合管廊纵向地震易损性分析研究

为了提出一种基于非线性增量动力分析(incremental dynamic analysis,IDA)的长线型综合管廊纵向地震性能评价的易损性分析方法,以单舱综合管廊为研究对象建立了简化梁-弹簧模型,合理地考虑了管廊接口的力学性能和管廊-土相互作用,将筛选的17组地震动统一调幅至不同强度水平后作为输入开展一维自由场分析以获取管廊底板位置处的地震动时程,最后开展了考虑地震动行波效应的综合管廊地震响应分析。基于IDA分析结果对地震动强度指标进行优选,最终建立了以管廊底板位置处峰值速度和地表峰值速度为地震动强度指标,以管廊接口张开量为损伤指标的易损性曲线,得到了不同地震烈度水平下综合管廊的失效概率。给出的典型II类场地中管廊地震易损性曲线和失效概率可以作为评价该类地下结构抗震性能的有效工具,为长线型综合管廊在不同地震动强度下的损伤预测提供可靠依据。

Exceeding probability analysis for rail of high-speed railway under seismic excitations

Purpose–The smoothness of the high-speed railway(HSR)on the bridge may exceed the allowable standard when an earthquake causes vibrations for HSR bridges,which may threaten the safety of running trains.Indeed,few studies have evaluated the exceeding probability of rail displacement exceeding the allowable standard.The purposes of this article are to provide a method for investigating the exceeding probability of the rail displacement of HSRs under seismic excitation and to calculate the exceeding probability.Design/methodology/approach–In order to investigate the exceeding probability of the rail displacement under different seismic excitations,the workflow of analyzing the smoothness of the rail based on incremental dynamic analysis(IDA)is proposed,and the intensity measure and limit state for the exceeding probability analysis of HSRs are defined.Then a finite element model(FEM)of an assumed HSR track-bridge system is constructed,which comprises a five-span simply-supported girder bridge supporting a finite length CRTS II ballastless track.Under different seismic excitations,the seismic displacement response of the rail is calculated;the character of the rail displacement is analyzed;and the exceeding probability of the rail vertical displacement exceeding the allowable standard(2mm)is investigated.Findings–The results show that:(1)The bridge-abutment joint position may form a step-like under seismic excitation,threatening the running safety of high-speed trains under seismic excitations,and the rail displacements at mid-span positions are bigger than that at other positions on the bridge.(2)The exceeding probability of rail displacement is up to about 44%when PGA 50.01g,which is the level-five risk probability and can be described as’very likely to happen’.(3)The exceeding probability of the rail at the mid-span positions is bigger than that above other positions of the bridge,and the mid-span positions of the track-bridge system above the bridge may be the most hazardous area for the running safety of trains under seismic excitation when high-speed trains run on bridges.Originality/value–The work extends the seismic hazardous analysis of HSRs and would lead to a better understanding of the exceeding probability for the rail of HSRs under seismic excitations and better references for the alert of the HSR operation.

基于IDA的下弦与撑杆改进构型张弦梁结构的地震易损性分析

采用IDA方法进行地震易损性分析,已成为评估建筑结构抗震性能的常用方法之一。为探究下弦与撑杆改进构型张弦梁结构的抗震性能,使用ATC-63推荐的15组地震动记录数据,选择地震动强度参数结构第一自振周期结构阻尼系数为5%的反应谱加速度S_(a)(T1,5%),并以一阶振型中最大位移点的竖向挠度作为评价指标进行研究。基于有限元软件ANSYS对该结构进行模拟,通过对比时程分析结果,分析不同损伤状态下改进构型的张弦梁结构的抗震性能概率。研究结果表明:在面对大型地震时,此改进构型的张弦梁结构表现出卓越的抗震性能,拥有显著的防震潜力,且结构倒塌的风险较低。

基于IDA的型钢混凝土框架的地震易损性分析

基于增量动力分析(IDA)方法研究了型钢混凝土框架结构在地震作用下的易损性和抗倒塌能力。设计了4个具有不同柱梁抗弯承载力之比的结构,对其进行IDA分析,获得了各模型的抗震能力曲线。进行了场地地震危险性分析,获得了场地地震危险性概率模型。根据结构抗震能力曲线,分析了结构的地震易损性,得到了结构在地震作用下各性态点的超越概率及结构抗倒塌储备系数。根据结构地震易损性曲线和场地地震危险性概率模型,计算了结构各性态点的年平均超越概率。结果表明,柱梁抗弯承载力之比对计算结果有显著影响,柱梁抗弯承载力之比越大则结构的抗倒塌储备系数越大,结构在特定地震动作用下倒塌的概率越小。

基于单地震动记录IDA方法的结构倒塌分析

增量动力分析(Incremental Dynamic Analysis,IDA)作为静力Pushover分析的动力拓展,可以全面、准确地分析结构的性能变化,尤其可以很好地分析结构倒塌这一动力失稳问题。本文基于单地震动记录的IDA方法,提出了"折半取中"原则,以确定结构倒塌极限状态点。以一榀五层三跨钢筋混凝土框架结构为例,分别考虑钢筋强化模型、理想弹塑性模型和软化模型,对其进行倒塌分析。结果表明:钢筋的屈服后强化特性对结构抗倒塌能力具有显著的影响。

基于IDA方法的高速铁路连续梁桥易损性分析

大量经验表明高速铁路预应力混凝土桥在地震下的破坏主要体现在桥墩和支座位置。为了得到该种桥型地震下的易损性曲线,利用典型高速铁路连续梁桥为计算实例,采用IDA方法 (增量动力分析法),通过有限元软件Open Sees建立了地震易损性分析模型。根据场地类型,选取20条地震波进行非线性时程分析,通过调幅得到200个计算工况。定义4种破坏极限状态,并通过回归分析建立不同破坏极限状态地震需求和地震动强度指标关系。基于对数正态分布假设绘制各个破坏状态对应的易损性曲线,并通过一阶可靠度理论得到整体易损性曲线。

基于IDA的高面板堆石坝抗震性能评价

抗震性能分析能够有效估计结构在地震作用下的危险性,逐渐成为抗震安全性评价的重要方法,但由于结构的复杂性,该方法在面板堆石坝方面的应用还处于起步阶段。随着强震区大量高面板堆石坝的建设,这些高坝的安全性是必须要考虑的重大问题,因此对大坝进行抗震性能分析至关重要。增量动力分析（IDA）法作为一种抗震性能分析方法,能够全面、深入地分析在不同强度地震作用下结构性能的变化。将IDA法引入到高面板堆石坝安全评价领域,建立了高面板堆石坝地震破坏性能评价方法。根据场地条件选取了15条不同的强震动记录,以地震峰值加速度PGA为地震动参数,采用坝体地震震后变形、坝坡稳定性、面板防渗体安全为抗震性能评价指标,选取合适的性能参数,建议了高面板堆石坝各评价指标的破坏等级划分标准,通过大量非线性有限元计算,得到各性能参数的地震易损性曲线,分析了大坝在不同强度地震作用下发生破坏的概率,成果可为高面板堆石坝抗震性能设计和安全风险评估提供参考和依据。

基于IDA分析的结构抗地震倒塌能力研究

结构体系的合理性对提高结构在极端灾害下的抗倒塌能力具有非常关键的作用,但目前尚缺少对结构体系合理性和抗倒塌能力的定量化评价方法。本文以结构抗地震倒塌为例,首先对结构的安全储备进行了讨论,指出结构的安全储备包括构件层次的安全储备和整体结构体系安全储备,并对影响结构体系安全储备的因素进行了分析。而后,为了更好地评价整体结构体系的抗地震倒塌安全水平,介绍了近年来国际上趋向采用的基于增量动力分析(IDA)的倒塌储备系数(CMR),并以框架结构为例介绍了用倒塌储备系数衡量整体结构抗倒塌能力的具体方法。

基于增量动力分析(IDA)方法的地震易损性工程实例分析

增量动力分析法(Incremental Dynamic Analysis,IDA)是一种以动力弹塑性时程分析为基础的参数分析方法,而建筑结构的地震易损性分析是指在不同强度地震作用下结构达到或超过某种极限状态的概率。文章基于IDA分析方法,通过选取一定数量的地震动记录,指定地震动强度指标并做归一化处理,利用OpenSees软件平台向结构碰撞数值模型输入地震动数据,计算得出结构倒塌概率,以地震动参数为随机变量,对数据进行拟合分析,建立倒塌概率易损性曲线,验证IDA方法的可靠性以及Opensees软件对于该类问题的适用性。

基于IDA的格构式拱结构抗倒塌性能分析

采用自定义钢材本构模型,考虑压杆失稳后的力学性能,对格构式拱结构进行增量动力分析(Incremental Dynamic Analysis,IDA),得到格构式拱结构的薄弱位置以及倒塌破坏极限位移。不同跨度的格构式拱在竖向地震作用下,结构概率分位值为95%对应的结构倒塌极限竖向位移为结构跨度的1/154~1/104。在水平地震作用下,结构概率分位值为95%对应的结构倒塌极限水平位移为结构柱高的1/40~1/28。在竖向地震作用下,结构的薄弱位置主要位于跨中;在水平地震作用下结构薄弱位置主要位于桁架柱身;考虑压杆失稳时,1/4跨度处的斜腹杆由于长细比较大将会发生失稳破坏。在双向地震作用下,主桁架失效位置主要集中于桁架柱腹杆和1/4跨度处。IDA分析结果与试验结果一致,可为格构式拱结构的抗倒塌设计提供参考。