This article is one of the serial studies oll the characteristics of the molecular structure for dystrophin gene in Chinese. By using the entire dystrophin cDNA (14 kb) as a probe- the number and RFLPs of Bgl Ⅱ exon-...This article is one of the serial studies oll the characteristics of the molecular structure for dystrophin gene in Chinese. By using the entire dystrophin cDNA (14 kb) as a probe- the number and RFLPs of Bgl Ⅱ exon-containing fragments of the dystrophin gene were analysed. Four new Bgl Ⅱ fragments were found, two of them (3.7 and 6.2 kb) detected by comparing the hybridization patterns with cDNA1-2a. 1a and 2a, one (9.3 kb) from the hybridization pattern with cDNA 9 by lengthening migrating distance of DNA fragments in electrophoresis. and another one (4.0 kb) by comparing the patterns with cDNA 11-14,11a- 11b’ 11c-12a and 14. The results indicated that the number of Bgl Ⅱ exon-containing fragments should be 59 rather than 55 reported previously, which laid the foundation of the Bgl Ⅱ partial restriction map for dystrophin gene. Three of the four RFLPs found in Caucacian appear in the hybridization patterns of three subclones, i.e.cDNA 2b-3. cDNA 4-5, and cDNA 5b-7.’ The values of expected heterozygote frequency (EHF) were 0.33, 0.33and 0.40 and the observed heterozygote frequency (OHF)were 0.40. 0.40 and 0.48 respectively. Meanwhile, two new rare allelic fragments (15 kb) were found in RFLPs from Bgl Ⅱ/2b-3 and Bgl Ⅱ/4-5a patterns respectively. These Bgl Ⅱ RFLPs and four XbaI RFLPs documented in our laboratory, have been used to detect the carrier in 7 DMDfamilies and 1 BMD family. Of the 69 individuals from the 8 families- 11 females were diagnosed as the carriers with DMD mutation, 4 females as the doubtful carriers, 12 females were defined as normal genotype and 2 females as probably normal. The results suggest that the carrier testing method based on dosage intensity analysis and genotype analysis by using dystrophin cDNA as a probe will be more sensitive and accurate.展开更多
Codes of Open Source Software(OSS)are widely reused during software development nowadays.However,reusing some specific versions of OSS introduces 1-day vulnerabilities of which details are publicly available,which may...Codes of Open Source Software(OSS)are widely reused during software development nowadays.However,reusing some specific versions of OSS introduces 1-day vulnerabilities of which details are publicly available,which may be exploited and lead to serious security issues.Existing state-of-the-art OSS reuse detection work can not identify the specific versions of reused OSS well.The features they selected are not distinguishable enough for version detection and the matching scores are only based on similarity.This paper presents B2SMatcher,a fine-grained version identification tool for OSS in commercial off-the-shelf(COTS)software.We first discuss five kinds of version-sensitive code features that are trackable in both binary and source code.We categorize these features into program-level features and function-level features and propose a two-stage version identification approach based on the two levels of code features.B2SMatcher also identifies different types of OSS version reuse based on matching scores and matched feature instances.In order to extract source code features as accurately as possible,B2SMatcher innovatively uses machine learning methods to obtain the source files involved in the compilation and uses function abstraction and normalization methods to eliminate the comparison costs on redundant functions across versions.We have evaluated B2SMatcher using 6351 candidate OSS versions and 585 binaries.The result shows that B2SMatcher achieves a high precision up to 89.2%and outperforms state-of-the-art tools.Finally,we show how B2SMatcher can be used to evaluate real-world software and find some security risks in practice.展开更多
文摘This article is one of the serial studies oll the characteristics of the molecular structure for dystrophin gene in Chinese. By using the entire dystrophin cDNA (14 kb) as a probe- the number and RFLPs of Bgl Ⅱ exon-containing fragments of the dystrophin gene were analysed. Four new Bgl Ⅱ fragments were found, two of them (3.7 and 6.2 kb) detected by comparing the hybridization patterns with cDNA1-2a. 1a and 2a, one (9.3 kb) from the hybridization pattern with cDNA 9 by lengthening migrating distance of DNA fragments in electrophoresis. and another one (4.0 kb) by comparing the patterns with cDNA 11-14,11a- 11b’ 11c-12a and 14. The results indicated that the number of Bgl Ⅱ exon-containing fragments should be 59 rather than 55 reported previously, which laid the foundation of the Bgl Ⅱ partial restriction map for dystrophin gene. Three of the four RFLPs found in Caucacian appear in the hybridization patterns of three subclones, i.e.cDNA 2b-3. cDNA 4-5, and cDNA 5b-7.’ The values of expected heterozygote frequency (EHF) were 0.33, 0.33and 0.40 and the observed heterozygote frequency (OHF)were 0.40. 0.40 and 0.48 respectively. Meanwhile, two new rare allelic fragments (15 kb) were found in RFLPs from Bgl Ⅱ/2b-3 and Bgl Ⅱ/4-5a patterns respectively. These Bgl Ⅱ RFLPs and four XbaI RFLPs documented in our laboratory, have been used to detect the carrier in 7 DMDfamilies and 1 BMD family. Of the 69 individuals from the 8 families- 11 females were diagnosed as the carriers with DMD mutation, 4 females as the doubtful carriers, 12 females were defined as normal genotype and 2 females as probably normal. The results suggest that the carrier testing method based on dosage intensity analysis and genotype analysis by using dystrophin cDNA as a probe will be more sensitive and accurate.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61802394,U1836209)Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62032010).
文摘Codes of Open Source Software(OSS)are widely reused during software development nowadays.However,reusing some specific versions of OSS introduces 1-day vulnerabilities of which details are publicly available,which may be exploited and lead to serious security issues.Existing state-of-the-art OSS reuse detection work can not identify the specific versions of reused OSS well.The features they selected are not distinguishable enough for version detection and the matching scores are only based on similarity.This paper presents B2SMatcher,a fine-grained version identification tool for OSS in commercial off-the-shelf(COTS)software.We first discuss five kinds of version-sensitive code features that are trackable in both binary and source code.We categorize these features into program-level features and function-level features and propose a two-stage version identification approach based on the two levels of code features.B2SMatcher also identifies different types of OSS version reuse based on matching scores and matched feature instances.In order to extract source code features as accurately as possible,B2SMatcher innovatively uses machine learning methods to obtain the source files involved in the compilation and uses function abstraction and normalization methods to eliminate the comparison costs on redundant functions across versions.We have evaluated B2SMatcher using 6351 candidate OSS versions and 585 binaries.The result shows that B2SMatcher achieves a high precision up to 89.2%and outperforms state-of-the-art tools.Finally,we show how B2SMatcher can be used to evaluate real-world software and find some security risks in practice.
