Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a form of Gender Base Violence (GBV) where an intimate partner perpetrates violence. In the HIV care continua which has the aim of achieving epidemic control based on the goals defin...Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a form of Gender Base Violence (GBV) where an intimate partner perpetrates violence. In the HIV care continua which has the aim of achieving epidemic control based on the goals defined by UNAIDS, 95% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) have to know their HIV status, 95% initiated ARV treatment and 95% are virally suppressed in order to achieve epidemic control. One of the evidence-based strategies used for achieving an optimal number of PLHIV who know their HIV status is the Index Case Testing Strategy (ICT). While the ICT strategy helps the achievement of epidemic control, its implementation increases the incidence of IPV among either serodiscordant or concordant couples. Tackling information about IPV is very sensitive. A review of the literature on the management of HIV patient information has shown that shifting from paper-based management of HIV patient information to computerized Electronic Medical Records (EMR) systems, using software such as OPEN MRS has significantly improved the management of HIV patient information with high-level confidentiality of patient information. The reviews showed that the EMR systems put in place to manage HIV patient information need to integrate the stages used for the management of IPV among PLHIV.展开更多
BACKGROUND In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,when children remain home-confined secondary to the closure of schools,little is known of the burden of the parents being their index case.AIM To de...BACKGROUND In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,when children remain home-confined secondary to the closure of schools,little is known of the burden of the parents being their index case.AIM To determine the prevalence of parents being the index case of COVID-19 infected children.METHODS A database search in PubMed and Scopus ensued to recruit studies reporting the index case information of COVID-19 infected individuals aged≤18.The reviewed articles'quality evaluation included the use of the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute's tool.A random-effect meta-analysis ensued to determine the prevalence of the parent being and not-being the index case.Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 and Chi2 statistics.The publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots and Egger’s test.RESULTS Overall,this review included 13 eligible studies sourcing data from 622 children of 33 nations.Study designs were heterogeneous and primarily included descriptive reports(38.4%).The prevalence of parent being the index case was 54%(95%CI:0.29-0.79;I2:62.3%,Chi2 P<0.001).In>70%of children,their indexcase parent was symptomatic due to COVID-19 at the time of infection transmitting.Studies for which a risk of bias assessment was possible were of fair quality.CONCLUSION There is a substantial global burden of parents being the index case of COVID-19 infected children,and frequently these parents are symptomatic.Therefore,from a public health perspective,early detection of these parents is crucial.展开更多
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease that has impacted negatively on human history. The biology of the mycobacterium tuberculosis is complicated and has affected the control as well as elimination of the disease. Ni...Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease that has impacted negatively on human history. The biology of the mycobacterium tuberculosis is complicated and has affected the control as well as elimination of the disease. Nigeria is one of the countries with high incidence and prevalence of TB. The late and low case detection has been a major problem with National TB control program, caused by passive case finding strategy practiced by the country. A shift from the passive and active case search has been recommended for detection of missing cases of TB and improved program performance. The proximity of TB contact is a major determinant of disease transmission. However, maximizing early case detection and prompt treatment of notified cases is very useful in (TB) control especially in high burden countries. The tracking of TB contacts provides a good platform for early diagnosis, educating the household on TB disease and infection control as well as breaking the chain of transmission. The objective of the study is to ascertain effectiveness of contact tracing on Tuberculosis case detection. The study is a retrospective quasi experimental with quantitative arm. The study was conducted in Abia State, one of the South Eastern States of Nigeria. A pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection and analyzed with SPSS. A total of 168 and 162 index cases of TB were recruited for both intervention and control facilities. The 168 index TB cases yielded 301 TB contacts. The result revealed 55% contact/index ratio, presumptive TB yield of 130 (43.2%) and TB yield of 68 (22.6%). The cases registered in the State increased from 336 to 417 and p value = 0.001, while presumptive TB and BCG vaccination were major predictors. The study shows that tracing contact of index TB cases is an effective and complementary method of finding undetected cases of TB.展开更多
To effectively predict the permeability index of smelting process in the imperial smelting furnace,anintelligent prediction model is proposed.It integrates the case-based reasoning(CBR)with adaptive par-ticle swarm op...To effectively predict the permeability index of smelting process in the imperial smelting furnace,anintelligent prediction model is proposed.It integrates the case-based reasoning(CBR)with adaptive par-ticle swarm optimization(PSO).The number of nearest neighbors and the weighted features vector areoptimized online using the adaptive PSOto improve the prediction accuracy of CBR.The adaptive inertiaweight and mutation operation are used to overcome the premature convergence of the PSO.The proposedmethod is validated a compared with the basic weighted CBR.The results show that the proposed modelhas higher prediction accuracy and better performance than the basic CBR model.展开更多
综述了疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis Related Groups,DRG)的国内外发展状况、对绩效的评价方式,从护理工作量、护理不良事件、护理成本、护理职业发展方面进行梳理,阐释了DRG对护理管理产生的影响,并针对DRG改革下护理绩效模式、护士分...综述了疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis Related Groups,DRG)的国内外发展状况、对绩效的评价方式,从护理工作量、护理不良事件、护理成本、护理职业发展方面进行梳理,阐释了DRG对护理管理产生的影响,并针对DRG改革下护理绩效模式、护士分级、预测护士数量、平衡护理成本、提升护理工作效率等方面提出护理管理策略,以期促进护理管理者探索护理管理新模式。展开更多
BACKGROUND Wilson disease (WD) is a rare copper metabolism disorder with symptoms including hepatic disorders, neuropsychiatric abnormalities, Kayser-Fleischer rings, and hemolysis in association with acute liver fail...BACKGROUND Wilson disease (WD) is a rare copper metabolism disorder with symptoms including hepatic disorders, neuropsychiatric abnormalities, Kayser-Fleischer rings, and hemolysis in association with acute liver failure (ALF). Osteoarthritis is a rare manifestation of WD. We experienced a case of WD with arthritic pain in the knee and liver cirrhosis. Here, we report the clinical course in a WD patient with arthritic pain and liver cirrhosis receiving combination therapy with Zn and a chelator and discuss the cause of arthritic pain. CASE SUMMARY We present an 11-year-old boy who developed osteoarthritis symptoms and ALF, with a New Wilson Index Score (NWIS) of 12. He was diagnosed with WD with decreased serum ceruloplasmin and copper levels, increased urinary copper excretion, and ATP7B gene mutations detected on gene analysis. There was improvement in the liver cirrhosis, leading to almost normal liver function and liver imaging, one year after receiving combination therapy with Zn and a chelator. Moreover, his arthritic pain transiently deteriorated but eventually improved with a decrease in the blood alkaline phosphatase levels following treatment. CONCLUSION Patients with WD who develop ALF with an NWIS > 11 may survive after treatment with Zn and chelators, without liver transplantation, when they present with mild hyperbilirubinemia and stage ≤ II hepatic encephalopathy. Osteoarthritis symptoms may improve with long-term Zn and chelator therapy without correlation of liver function in WD.展开更多
The present research on moulded case circuit breaker（MCCB） focuses on the enhancement of current-limiting interrupting performance during short circuit, overload, under voltage and phase failure, involving electrics...The present research on moulded case circuit breaker（MCCB） focuses on the enhancement of current-limiting interrupting performance during short circuit, overload, under voltage and phase failure, involving electrics, magnetic, mechanics, thermal, material, friction, arc extinguishing, impact vibration, skin effect, etc. The rigid-flexible coupling of the parts and components of the metamorphic manipulating mechanism in multi-fields leads to the non-rigid, high frequency, high damping, singularity of the Euler-Lagrange equations which represents the multi-body dynamics. The small step iteration which is used for obtaining the instantaneous and short time critical interrupting performance of metamorphic mechanism appears inaccuracy. It is difficult to realize top-down design by existing CAD systems. Therefore, a metamorphic manipulating mechanism design method for MCCB using index reduced iteration（IRI） is put forward. The metamorphic manipulating mechanism of MCCB is decomposed into three mechanisms： main switch connector mechanism, electromagnet-drawbar-jump buckle mechanism, and bimetallic strip-drawbar mechanism, which is respectively described by electro-dynamic force, electromagnet force, and bimetallic strip force. The dummy part（virtual rigid） without moment of inertia and mass is employed as intermediate to join the flexible body and rigid body. The model of rigid-flexible coupling metamorphic mechanism multi-body dynamics is built. The differential algebraic equations（DAEs） of the multibody dynamics model are converted to pure ordinary differential equations（ODEs） by coordinate partition. Order reduced integration with multi-step and variable step-size is preceded based on IRI. The non-linear algebraic equations are solved in each integration step by Newton-Rapson iteration. There is no ill-condition and singularity of Jacobian matrix when step size reduces to zero. The independent prototype design system using ACIS R13, HOOPS V11.0 and Visual C＋＋.NET 2003 has been developed, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method enhances the current-limiting interrupting performance of MCCB, and has reference significance for multi-body dynamics design for similar flexible metamorphic mechanisms in multi-fields.展开更多
文摘Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a form of Gender Base Violence (GBV) where an intimate partner perpetrates violence. In the HIV care continua which has the aim of achieving epidemic control based on the goals defined by UNAIDS, 95% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) have to know their HIV status, 95% initiated ARV treatment and 95% are virally suppressed in order to achieve epidemic control. One of the evidence-based strategies used for achieving an optimal number of PLHIV who know their HIV status is the Index Case Testing Strategy (ICT). While the ICT strategy helps the achievement of epidemic control, its implementation increases the incidence of IPV among either serodiscordant or concordant couples. Tackling information about IPV is very sensitive. A review of the literature on the management of HIV patient information has shown that shifting from paper-based management of HIV patient information to computerized Electronic Medical Records (EMR) systems, using software such as OPEN MRS has significantly improved the management of HIV patient information with high-level confidentiality of patient information. The reviews showed that the EMR systems put in place to manage HIV patient information need to integrate the stages used for the management of IPV among PLHIV.
文摘BACKGROUND In the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,when children remain home-confined secondary to the closure of schools,little is known of the burden of the parents being their index case.AIM To determine the prevalence of parents being the index case of COVID-19 infected children.METHODS A database search in PubMed and Scopus ensued to recruit studies reporting the index case information of COVID-19 infected individuals aged≤18.The reviewed articles'quality evaluation included the use of the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute's tool.A random-effect meta-analysis ensued to determine the prevalence of the parent being and not-being the index case.Heterogeneity was assessed by I2 and Chi2 statistics.The publication bias was evaluated by funnel plots and Egger’s test.RESULTS Overall,this review included 13 eligible studies sourcing data from 622 children of 33 nations.Study designs were heterogeneous and primarily included descriptive reports(38.4%).The prevalence of parent being the index case was 54%(95%CI:0.29-0.79;I2:62.3%,Chi2 P<0.001).In>70%of children,their indexcase parent was symptomatic due to COVID-19 at the time of infection transmitting.Studies for which a risk of bias assessment was possible were of fair quality.CONCLUSION There is a substantial global burden of parents being the index case of COVID-19 infected children,and frequently these parents are symptomatic.Therefore,from a public health perspective,early detection of these parents is crucial.
文摘Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease that has impacted negatively on human history. The biology of the mycobacterium tuberculosis is complicated and has affected the control as well as elimination of the disease. Nigeria is one of the countries with high incidence and prevalence of TB. The late and low case detection has been a major problem with National TB control program, caused by passive case finding strategy practiced by the country. A shift from the passive and active case search has been recommended for detection of missing cases of TB and improved program performance. The proximity of TB contact is a major determinant of disease transmission. However, maximizing early case detection and prompt treatment of notified cases is very useful in (TB) control especially in high burden countries. The tracking of TB contacts provides a good platform for early diagnosis, educating the household on TB disease and infection control as well as breaking the chain of transmission. The objective of the study is to ascertain effectiveness of contact tracing on Tuberculosis case detection. The study is a retrospective quasi experimental with quantitative arm. The study was conducted in Abia State, one of the South Eastern States of Nigeria. A pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection and analyzed with SPSS. A total of 168 and 162 index cases of TB were recruited for both intervention and control facilities. The 168 index TB cases yielded 301 TB contacts. The result revealed 55% contact/index ratio, presumptive TB yield of 130 (43.2%) and TB yield of 68 (22.6%). The cases registered in the State increased from 336 to 417 and p value = 0.001, while presumptive TB and BCG vaccination were major predictors. The study shows that tracing contact of index TB cases is an effective and complementary method of finding undetected cases of TB.
基金supported by the by the National Natural Science Foundation(No.60874069,60634020)the National High Technology Research and Development Programme of China(No.2009AA04Z124)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.09JJ3122)
文摘To effectively predict the permeability index of smelting process in the imperial smelting furnace,anintelligent prediction model is proposed.It integrates the case-based reasoning(CBR)with adaptive par-ticle swarm optimization(PSO).The number of nearest neighbors and the weighted features vector areoptimized online using the adaptive PSOto improve the prediction accuracy of CBR.The adaptive inertiaweight and mutation operation are used to overcome the premature convergence of the PSO.The proposedmethod is validated a compared with the basic weighted CBR.The results show that the proposed modelhas higher prediction accuracy and better performance than the basic CBR model.
文摘综述了疾病诊断相关分组(Diagnosis Related Groups,DRG)的国内外发展状况、对绩效的评价方式,从护理工作量、护理不良事件、护理成本、护理职业发展方面进行梳理,阐释了DRG对护理管理产生的影响,并针对DRG改革下护理绩效模式、护士分级、预测护士数量、平衡护理成本、提升护理工作效率等方面提出护理管理策略,以期促进护理管理者探索护理管理新模式。
文摘BACKGROUND Wilson disease (WD) is a rare copper metabolism disorder with symptoms including hepatic disorders, neuropsychiatric abnormalities, Kayser-Fleischer rings, and hemolysis in association with acute liver failure (ALF). Osteoarthritis is a rare manifestation of WD. We experienced a case of WD with arthritic pain in the knee and liver cirrhosis. Here, we report the clinical course in a WD patient with arthritic pain and liver cirrhosis receiving combination therapy with Zn and a chelator and discuss the cause of arthritic pain. CASE SUMMARY We present an 11-year-old boy who developed osteoarthritis symptoms and ALF, with a New Wilson Index Score (NWIS) of 12. He was diagnosed with WD with decreased serum ceruloplasmin and copper levels, increased urinary copper excretion, and ATP7B gene mutations detected on gene analysis. There was improvement in the liver cirrhosis, leading to almost normal liver function and liver imaging, one year after receiving combination therapy with Zn and a chelator. Moreover, his arthritic pain transiently deteriorated but eventually improved with a decrease in the blood alkaline phosphatase levels following treatment. CONCLUSION Patients with WD who develop ALF with an NWIS > 11 may survive after treatment with Zn and chelators, without liver transplantation, when they present with mild hyperbilirubinemia and stage ≤ II hepatic encephalopathy. Osteoarthritis symptoms may improve with long-term Zn and chelator therapy without correlation of liver function in WD.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program, Grant No. 2011CB706506)National S&T Great Special of China(Grant Nos. 2012ZX04010011, 2011ZX04014-131)+1 种基金National Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China(Grant No. 51005204)Postdoctoral Fund of China(Grant No. 20100471000)
文摘The present research on moulded case circuit breaker（MCCB） focuses on the enhancement of current-limiting interrupting performance during short circuit, overload, under voltage and phase failure, involving electrics, magnetic, mechanics, thermal, material, friction, arc extinguishing, impact vibration, skin effect, etc. The rigid-flexible coupling of the parts and components of the metamorphic manipulating mechanism in multi-fields leads to the non-rigid, high frequency, high damping, singularity of the Euler-Lagrange equations which represents the multi-body dynamics. The small step iteration which is used for obtaining the instantaneous and short time critical interrupting performance of metamorphic mechanism appears inaccuracy. It is difficult to realize top-down design by existing CAD systems. Therefore, a metamorphic manipulating mechanism design method for MCCB using index reduced iteration（IRI） is put forward. The metamorphic manipulating mechanism of MCCB is decomposed into three mechanisms： main switch connector mechanism, electromagnet-drawbar-jump buckle mechanism, and bimetallic strip-drawbar mechanism, which is respectively described by electro-dynamic force, electromagnet force, and bimetallic strip force. The dummy part（virtual rigid） without moment of inertia and mass is employed as intermediate to join the flexible body and rigid body. The model of rigid-flexible coupling metamorphic mechanism multi-body dynamics is built. The differential algebraic equations（DAEs） of the multibody dynamics model are converted to pure ordinary differential equations（ODEs） by coordinate partition. Order reduced integration with multi-step and variable step-size is preceded based on IRI. The non-linear algebraic equations are solved in each integration step by Newton-Rapson iteration. There is no ill-condition and singularity of Jacobian matrix when step size reduces to zero. The independent prototype design system using ACIS R13, HOOPS V11.0 and Visual C＋＋.NET 2003 has been developed, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method enhances the current-limiting interrupting performance of MCCB, and has reference significance for multi-body dynamics design for similar flexible metamorphic mechanisms in multi-fields.
