GRIN(Gradient Index)介质中的Maxwell方程组与光线光学

利用坡印廷矢量(Poynting vector)的方向就是光线轨迹曲线的切线方向,推出程函方程(Eikonal equation)的矢量式.经分析发现此式包含了光的粒子性与光的波动性因素,光线的传播规律还受介质折射率函数的制约.再由程函方程进一步推得光线方程,并给出了应用实例.

An acoustic Maxwell's fish-eye lens based on gradient-index metamaterials

We have proposed a two-dimensional acoustic Maxwell’s fish-eye lens by using the gradient-index metamaterials with space-coiling units. By adjusting the structural parameters of the units, the refractive index can be gradually varied, which is key role to design the acoustic fish-eye lens. As predicted by ray trajectories on a virtual sphere, the proposed lens has the capability to focus the acoustic wave irradiated from a point source at the surface of the lens on the diametrically opposite side of the lens. The broadband and low loss performance is further demonstrated for the lens. The proposed acoustic fish-eye lens is expected to have the potential applications in directional acoustic coupler or coherent ultrasonic imaging.

Gradient Index in Wear Debris Image Collection

In order to solve a problem of oil on-line monitoring,this instrument adopts a principium of self-focus lens of Gradient index fiber(GRIN Len)to design optics system and magnetic circuit.For the magnetic circuit,the monitor can catch particle wear debris in oil.And for the optics circuit.GRIN Len can transfer image of debris to apparatus of gather image,e.g,CCD and camera.And the image of debris is transferred to computer for analyzing seize and physiognomy of debris.The character of the monitor is of micro weight,micro volume and curve imaging.And it is directly pluged into oil to catch image of wear particles.

A Study on Gradient Refractive Index Polymer Rods——Mechanism of Diffusion-Copolymerization of Diallyl Phthalate-Methyl Methacrylate

The gel rod, partially polymerized DAP (diallyl phthalate), is immersed in MMA (methyl methacrylate) solution, followed by heat-treatment to yield the GRIN (gradient ref- ractive index) rod. A three-stage mechanism of diffusion-copolymerization process is propo- sed, giving an interpretation to the formation of cracks that are brought about in large-dia- meter GRIN rods.

Controlling an acoustic wave with a cylindrically-symmetric gradient-index system

We present a detailed theoretical description of wave propagation in an acoustic gradient-index system with cylindrical symmetry and demonstrate its potential to numerically control acoustic waves in different ways.The trajectory of an acoustic wave within the system is derived by employing the theory of geometric acoustics,and the validity of the theoretical descriptions is verified numerically by using the finite element method simulation.The results show that by tailoring the distribution function of the refractive index,the proposed system can yield a tunable manipulation of acoustic waves,such as acoustic bending,trapping,and absorbing.

Numerical simulation of a gradient-index fibre probe and its properties of light propagation

In order to verify the properties of the light propagating through a gradient-index （GRIN） fibre probe for optical coherence tomography （OCT）, numerical simulation using the optical software GLAD is carried out. Firstly, the model of the GRIN fibre probe is presented, which is consisted of a single mode fibre （SMF）, a no-core fibre （NCF）, a GRIN fibre lens and an air path. Then, the software GLAD is adopted to numerically investigate how the lengths of the NCF and the GRIN fibre lens influence the performance of the Gaussian beam focusing through the GRIN fibre probe. The simulation results are well consistent with the experimental ones, showing that the GLAD based numerical simulation technique is an intuitive and effective tool for the verification of the properties of the light propagation. In this paper, we find that on the conditions of a constant GRIN fibre lens length of 0.1 mm and an NCF length of 0.36 mm, the working distance of the probe will be 0.75 mm and the focus spot size is 32 μm.

Studies on the Preparation of Polymer Spherical Symmetry GRIN Sphere and Controlling its Gradient Index Distribution

In this paper, a polymer spherical symmetry GRIN sphere lens were prepared by the suspension-diffusion-copolymerization(SDC) technique, selecting methyl methacrylate(MMA) as monomer M1 and acrylic 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ester(3FEA) as M2. The radial distribution of refractive index of the lens was measured by the shearing interference method, which demonstrated that the quadratic refractive-index distribution was formed in the sphere lens, and its Δn=0.019.

Derivation of General Formula for Coupling Loss of Single-mode Fiber Collimators with Gradient-index Rod Lenses

Gradient-index rod lens (GRIN-lens) whose pitch is ordinary value with bevel ferrule coupling system is analyzed, an equivalent method which can be used to analyze this system is put forward, and a general formula for determining the coupling loss with axes mismatch, radial mismatch, and angular mismatch is derived by use of the Gaussian field approximation and mode-field coupling theory. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theory prediction. It indicates that these formulas are suitable to analyze the gradient-index rod lens coupling system with pigtail fiber.

Signal Efficiency in Gradient Index Lens Based Two Photon Microscopy

Gradient index (GRIN) lenses are often used as an optical relay to a sample at a location that is not accessible for a standard microscope. This capability is turning them into an important enabling technology that extends many optical imaging modalities like harmonic laser scanned imaging with micro endoscopic in vivo capabilities as needed in research and diagnostics. These micro endoscopic imaging variants however rely on the light scattering capability of the underlying tissue. Further complications arise from an increased number of optical interfaces and the overall optical performance of a GRIN rod. We have therefore performed a quantitative comparison of the back-scattered second harmonic generation (SHG) signal intensity generated in skin and low-scattering muscle tissue, both obtained with a standard two photon laser scanning microscope (LSM) and a GRIN lens based LSM. We report that the GRIN lens based system sees approximately 1/4 of the net two photon signal detected by the standard LSM. We expect that this value can be generalized to other LSM techniques enhanced by GRIN technology and encourage its use in experimental situations with standard LSM signal to noise ratios of four or higher.

Aplanatic and Telescopic Lens with a Radial Gradient of Refraction Index

It is shown that aplanatic lens with a radial gradient of refraction index is simultaneously a telescopic lens, notably not only for an axial beam, but also for an off axis parallel beam. Consideration is carried out by an algebraic way on the basis of regularities of ray paths. It is also shown that aplanatic and telescopic properties of the lens are independent of the refracting surface shapes. Various versions of lens performance are shown below.

RAP精细化处置工艺设备和工艺参数对颗粒形态的影响规律

为改善沥青混合料回收料(reclaimed asphalt pavement,RAP)性能,提高RAP利用率,减少RAP精细化处置技术对集料颗粒形态的影响,研究再生集料颗粒形态的定量表征,采用三维扫描与集料图像测量系统(aggregate image measurement system,AIMS)测量相结合的技术手段,研究不同工艺参数对再生集料针片状指数、球度、梯度棱角性和纹理指数指标的影响规律,综合分析关键影响因素。结果表明:随主轴转速增大或处置时间延长,再生粗集料的梯度棱角性减小,纹理指数和球度增大。再生粗集料的针片状指数随主轴转速增大而减小,随处置时间的延长先减小后回升。提高主轴转速或延长处置时间,RAP针片状指数、球度、梯度棱角性和纹理指数的标准差均明显减小,表明精细化处置工艺可改善再生集料宏观-细观-微观形态特征的变异性。

Gradient Analysis of Land Utilization and Landscape Pattern Based on the Buffer Zone in South Guangzhou City

Under the background of the 'Southwardly Development' of Guangzhou City,this paper chooses Panyu District as the research object and uses the 2005 land use data to quantitatively analyze the landscape layout and its change in the study area based on the support of GIS and Fragstats through combining landscape index and gradient analysis.The results show that it is feasible to show urbanization and the change of the spatial pattern of urban landscape through utilizing gradient analysis and landscape index.Over the course of 'Southwardly Development',the urbanization level of Panyu District has been enhanced unceasingly.And the landscape spatial patterns of different land uses and their variation characteristics are obviously different.

县域国土空间功能结构时空特征与地形梯度效应——以贵州省仁怀市为例

基于仁怀市2009—2018年土地利用现状调查成果数据,通过计算地形位指数、地形分布指数、国土空间功能结构信息熵、均衡度、优势度等参数,深入研究了仁怀市国土空间功能结构。结果表明,国土空间功能结构分布的优势等级在不同地形因子各梯度上具有差异性;国土空间功能结构信息熵整体上随地形因子等级的升高而下降,10年间国土空间功能结构逐渐向均衡态发展;地形位指数可反映国土空间功能结构的分布特征是一个更合理的参数。

Relationship between diversity of forest plant species and environmental gradient in eastern mountainous area of Heilongjiang Province, China

Twenty-three secondary forest communities with different structure were selected in Mao＇er Mountain National Park of Heilongjiang Province, China to study the relationship between diversity of forest plant species and environmental gradient. The forest plant species diversity was analyzed by the diversity index, and the environmental factors was quantified by the method of Whittaker＇s quantification of environmental gradient. Meanwhile, β-diversity indexes of communities were calculated with similar measurements. The results showed that the Shannon-wiener diversity index of forest plant species increased with the increase of the environmental gradient, and the β-diversity indexes of communities showed a liner increase along with the change of environmental gradient.

基于加权平均梯度方向场和改进Poincare Index的指纹奇异点检测算法

针对指纹图像具有局部平行性和渐变性以及邻域的脊线方向相关性高的特点,提出了一种基于加权平均梯度的指纹方向场算法。改进了传统的PoincareIndex指纹奇异点检测算法。实验证明,在采用加权平均梯度算法获取的方向场上利用改进的PoincareIndex算法可实现对低质量指纹图像的奇异点的准确提取。

Propagation of Electromagnetic Wave through Anisotropic Graded Refractive Index Profile

Propagation of electromagnetic wave (EW) through multilayer structure consisting anisotropic layers with gradient refractive index material is studied theoretically. Analytical solution for linear dependence of refractive index profile is examined. The structure consist the forbidden gaps, which are sensitive to parameters of refractive index profile.

Research on the Seepage Safety Monitoring Indexes of the High Core Rockfill Dam

The study on developing the reasonable safety monitoring indexes plays a most importantly role in the health monitoring of high core rockfill dams. However, researches on this topic are relatively scarce both at home and abroad. In this paper, the characteristics and failure modes of seepage in high core rockfill dam are analyzed firstly. Then, a safety monitoring index based on seepage quantity, which reflects the overall seepage behavior, is developed, using the real-time monitoring data and its safety monitoring model. Moreover, another safety monitoring index based on seepage gradient, reflecting the local seepage behavior, is proposed, combining the spatial layout of osmo- meters and local failure mechanisms of core wall. Additionally, one more safety monitoring index based on permeability coefficient, which considers the overall and local seepage behaviors, is developed, on the basis of establishing the finite element analysis model and real-time seepage coefficient inversion analysis model of high core rockfill dam. A case study on these indexes of Nuozhadu high core rockfill dam is developed, which improves the reliability of seepage safety evaluation of the dam.

精液优化处理后DNA碎片指数与IVF-ET胚胎质量及妊娠结局的关系

目的:评估经密度梯度离心联合上游法优化处理后的精子DNA碎片指数(DFI)与辅助生殖体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)胚胎质量及妊娠结局的关系。方法:回顾性分析2022年4月至12月在郑州大学第一附属医院生殖医学中心因单纯输卵管因素行IVF-ET的257个周期,比较男方精液优化前后精液参数和精子DFI;按优化后精子DFI将其分为高DFI组(DFI>5)与低DFI组(DFI≤5),比较两组的胚胎发育及妊娠结局;根据临床妊娠情况分为妊娠组与非妊娠组、持续妊娠组及早期流产组,比较精子DFI情况。结果:与处理前相比,精液优化处理后前向运动精子及正常形态精子百分比提高,精子DFI下降(P<0.001)。精子优化处理后高DFI组的早期流产率高于低DFI组(P<0.05)。105例临床妊娠周期中早期流产组精液优化处理前、后DFI均高于持续妊娠组(P<0.05)。结论:密度梯度离心联合上游优化处理是一种有效的精液制备方法,可提高精子前向运动能力和正常形态精子比例,降低精子DFI;优化后精子高DFI可能增加临床妊娠后早期流产的风险。

草状氧化铝微结构渐变折射率的计算及实验研究

针对草状氧化铝的微纳结构对折射率的影响,采用台体计算法与柱体计算法计算氧化铝的体积,使用Clausius-Mossotti方程式与MATLAB软件拟合计算微纳结构的折射率变化,使用TFC软件进行拟合,最终计算出草状氧化铝的渐变折射率,研究其微结构的形貌特征及渐变折射率的分布,计算其可见光减反射性能。采用电子束沉积氧化铝薄膜,通过对沉积温度、水煮工艺等参数的优化,获得了不同结构的草状氧化铝纳米薄膜,制备了可见光波段420~680 nm的减反射薄膜。

基于地形梯度的青藏高原冰川分布格局及成因

目前,冰川分布与变化的影响机理还存在不确定机制。为探究地形因子对冰川分布格局的影响,本文以第6版Randolph冰川编目数据和NASADEM为数据源,运用均值变点法、分布指数和地理探测器等方法,对青藏高原冰川在地形起伏度、海拔、坡度和坡向等地形梯度上的分布格局及其与地形因子之间的响应关系进行分析。结果表明:(1)青藏高原冰川对坡向、坡度的适宜性较广,对地形起伏度、海拔的选择性较强,且在高地形起伏度、高海拔上呈现优势分布。(2)地形对冰川发育影响较大,各地形因子对冰川空间分布的影响显著不同。海拔和地形起伏度是控制冰川分布的主要因素,且交互探测结果表明二者共同作用对冰川空间分异性影响最大。(3)在海拔和地形起伏度梯度上,喜马拉雅山脉冰川优势分布范围最广,其次是喀喇昆仑山脉,其余10座山脉冰川的优势分布均呈近似正态分布,但不同山脉形态各异。