Using the Hodges Ajne testing method, the uniformity of China retail price index was tested. The result, that population is submitting to uniform distribution, was obtained. The uniformity of CRPI indicates that the g...Using the Hodges Ajne testing method, the uniformity of China retail price index was tested. The result, that population is submitting to uniform distribution, was obtained. The uniformity of CRPI indicates that the general price level is stable in the Ninth Five Year Plan. Finally, the reasons causing the uniformity was analyzed.展开更多
In this paper the authors study the sample behavior of the Gini’s index of dissimilarity in the case of two samples of equal size drawn from the same uniform population. The paper present the analytical results obtai...In this paper the authors study the sample behavior of the Gini’s index of dissimilarity in the case of two samples of equal size drawn from the same uniform population. The paper present the analytical results obtained for the exact distribution of the index of dissimilarity for sample sizes n ≤ 8. This result was obtained by expressing the index of dissimilarity as a linear combination of spacings of the pooled sample. The obtained results allow to achieve the exact expressions of the moments for any sample size and, therefore, to highlight the main features of the sampling distributions of the index of dissimilarity. The present study can enhance inferential statistical aspects about one of the main contributions of Gini.展开更多
After expanding the capacity by widening the trolley of the No. 3 sintering machine, severe uneven sintering occurred in the trolley＇ s lateral distribution, which affected the output and quality of sinter. In this s...After expanding the capacity by widening the trolley of the No. 3 sintering machine, severe uneven sintering occurred in the trolley＇ s lateral distribution, which affected the output and quality of sinter. In this study, the quantitative evaluation indices of the burden uniform distribution in the width direction of the sintering machine is introduced for the first time. By measuring the temperature of discharged gas, a plane temperature field is constructed. Through analyzing the temperature field and the burden layer＇ s differential thermal equilibrium, a mathematical model for evaluating the indices, which is an online reflection of the degree of uniform distribution, is built. Following the improvements in burden distribution equipment ,the optimization of the ignition system and the dynamic adjustment of the process ,the problem of uneven sintering in lateral distribution has been solved, and the quality and the yield of sinter have been improved.展开更多
Forest structure analysis is important for understanding the properties and development of a forest community,and its outcomes can be influenced by how trees are measured in sampled plots.Although there is a general c...Forest structure analysis is important for understanding the properties and development of a forest community,and its outcomes can be influenced by how trees are measured in sampled plots.Although there is a general consensus on the height at which tree diameter should be measured[1.3 m:diameter at breast height(DBH)],the minimum measureddiameter(MMD)often varies in different studies.In this study,we assumed that the outcomes of forest structure analysis can be influenced by MMD and,to this end,we applied g(r)function and stand spatial structural parameters(SSSPs)to investigate how different MMDs affect forest spatial structure analysis in two pine-oak mixed forests(30 and 57 years old)in southwest China and one old-growth oak forest(>120years old)from northwest China.Our results showed that 1)MMD was closely related to the distribution patterns of forest trees.Tree distribution patterns at each observational scale(r=0-20 m)tended tobecome random as the MMD increased.The older the community,the earlier this random distribution pattern appeared.2)As the MMD increased,neighboring trees became more regularly distributed around a reference tree.In most cases,however,nearest neighbors of a reference tree were randomly distributed.3)Tree species mingling decreased with increasing diameter,but it decreased slowly in older forests.4)No correlations can be found between individual tree size differentiation and MMD.We recommend that comparisons of spatial structures between communities would be more effective if using a unified MMD criterion.展开更多
In order to explore the most suitable mode for the primary processing model of reconstituted tobacco, another two kinds of conditioning process schemes for reconstituted tobacco were designed based on the existing rec...In order to explore the most suitable mode for the primary processing model of reconstituted tobacco, another two kinds of conditioning process schemes for reconstituted tobacco were designed based on the existing reconstituted tobacco processing method. Comparative analysis and evaluation were conducted for moisture content uniformity, intrinsic chemical compositions, casing uniformity, blending uniformity and sensory quality of the samples from the three kind of processing modes. The results showed that loosing and conditioning or the vacuum conditioning pretreatment of the reconstituted tobacco could effectively reduce the difference in moisture content during the blending, and improve the casing uniformity and blending uniformity. Moreover, the samples with the loosing and conditioning pretreatment had higher total sugar and reducing sugar contents, which indicated that the loosing and conditioning pretreatment method was more favorable for the improvement of the intrinsic quality of cigarettes. In addition, the three kinds of aromatic components contents of cigarettes using the loosing and conditioning pretreatment were higher,and the casing uniformity, blending uniformity and overall sensory quality of this pretreatment were all superior to that of the other two kinds of reconstituted tobacco pretreatment methods. The contents of total sugar, reducing sugar as well as the three kinds of aromatic components of cigarettes processed with vacuum conditioning pretreatment were all slightly lower than those of the existing methods, but the casing uniformity and blending uniformity were improved, while it showed small difference in the sensory quality with the existing processing method.展开更多
Given the increasing uncertainties in power supply and load,this paper proposes the concept of power source and grid coordination uniformity planning.In this approach,the standard deviation of the transmission line lo...Given the increasing uncertainties in power supply and load,this paper proposes the concept of power source and grid coordination uniformity planning.In this approach,the standard deviation of the transmission line load rate is considered as the uniformity evaluation index for power source and grid planning.A multi-stage and multi-objective optimization model of the power source and grid expansion planning is established to minimize the comprehensive cost of the entire planning cycle.In this study,the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm are combined to solve the model,thus improving the efficiency and accuracy of the solution.The analysis of a simple IEEE Garver’s 6-node system shows that the model and solution method are effective and feasible.Moreover,they are suitable for the coordinated planning of the power source and grid under a diversified nature of power supply and load.展开更多
In this paper,the definition of absolutely balanced and uniformly balanced for graphs are introduced,the difference between balance graphs are pointed out.Using（p,p＋1）-graph as an example,we explained the existence...In this paper,the definition of absolutely balanced and uniformly balanced for graphs are introduced,the difference between balance graphs are pointed out.Using（p,p＋1）-graph as an example,we explained the existence of this difference and obtained some new results.展开更多
文摘Using the Hodges Ajne testing method, the uniformity of China retail price index was tested. The result, that population is submitting to uniform distribution, was obtained. The uniformity of CRPI indicates that the general price level is stable in the Ninth Five Year Plan. Finally, the reasons causing the uniformity was analyzed.
文摘In this paper the authors study the sample behavior of the Gini’s index of dissimilarity in the case of two samples of equal size drawn from the same uniform population. The paper present the analytical results obtained for the exact distribution of the index of dissimilarity for sample sizes n ≤ 8. This result was obtained by expressing the index of dissimilarity as a linear combination of spacings of the pooled sample. The obtained results allow to achieve the exact expressions of the moments for any sample size and, therefore, to highlight the main features of the sampling distributions of the index of dissimilarity. The present study can enhance inferential statistical aspects about one of the main contributions of Gini.
文摘After expanding the capacity by widening the trolley of the No. 3 sintering machine, severe uneven sintering occurred in the trolley＇ s lateral distribution, which affected the output and quality of sinter. In this study, the quantitative evaluation indices of the burden uniform distribution in the width direction of the sintering machine is introduced for the first time. By measuring the temperature of discharged gas, a plane temperature field is constructed. Through analyzing the temperature field and the burden layer＇ s differential thermal equilibrium, a mathematical model for evaluating the indices, which is an online reflection of the degree of uniform distribution, is built. Following the improvements in burden distribution equipment ,the optimization of the ignition system and the dynamic adjustment of the process ,the problem of uneven sintering in lateral distribution has been solved, and the quality and the yield of sinter have been improved.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (grant no. 31400542 31460196)+1 种基金Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (grant 2016GXNSFBA380233)Guangxi special fund project for innovation-driven development (AA 17204087-8)
文摘Forest structure analysis is important for understanding the properties and development of a forest community,and its outcomes can be influenced by how trees are measured in sampled plots.Although there is a general consensus on the height at which tree diameter should be measured[1.3 m:diameter at breast height(DBH)],the minimum measureddiameter(MMD)often varies in different studies.In this study,we assumed that the outcomes of forest structure analysis can be influenced by MMD and,to this end,we applied g(r)function and stand spatial structural parameters(SSSPs)to investigate how different MMDs affect forest spatial structure analysis in two pine-oak mixed forests(30 and 57 years old)in southwest China and one old-growth oak forest(>120years old)from northwest China.Our results showed that 1)MMD was closely related to the distribution patterns of forest trees.Tree distribution patterns at each observational scale(r=0-20 m)tended tobecome random as the MMD increased.The older the community,the earlier this random distribution pattern appeared.2)As the MMD increased,neighboring trees became more regularly distributed around a reference tree.In most cases,however,nearest neighbors of a reference tree were randomly distributed.3)Tree species mingling decreased with increasing diameter,but it decreased slowly in older forests.4)No correlations can be found between individual tree size differentiation and MMD.We recommend that comparisons of spatial structures between communities would be more effective if using a unified MMD criterion.
基金Supported by the Fund of Chinese Tobacco Enterprises(MK-JS-2012-129)~~
文摘In order to explore the most suitable mode for the primary processing model of reconstituted tobacco, another two kinds of conditioning process schemes for reconstituted tobacco were designed based on the existing reconstituted tobacco processing method. Comparative analysis and evaluation were conducted for moisture content uniformity, intrinsic chemical compositions, casing uniformity, blending uniformity and sensory quality of the samples from the three kind of processing modes. The results showed that loosing and conditioning or the vacuum conditioning pretreatment of the reconstituted tobacco could effectively reduce the difference in moisture content during the blending, and improve the casing uniformity and blending uniformity. Moreover, the samples with the loosing and conditioning pretreatment had higher total sugar and reducing sugar contents, which indicated that the loosing and conditioning pretreatment method was more favorable for the improvement of the intrinsic quality of cigarettes. In addition, the three kinds of aromatic components contents of cigarettes using the loosing and conditioning pretreatment were higher,and the casing uniformity, blending uniformity and overall sensory quality of this pretreatment were all superior to that of the other two kinds of reconstituted tobacco pretreatment methods. The contents of total sugar, reducing sugar as well as the three kinds of aromatic components of cigarettes processed with vacuum conditioning pretreatment were all slightly lower than those of the existing methods, but the casing uniformity and blending uniformity were improved, while it showed small difference in the sensory quality with the existing processing method.
基金supported by Theoretical study of power system synergistic dispatch National Science Foundation of China(51477091).
文摘Given the increasing uncertainties in power supply and load,this paper proposes the concept of power source and grid coordination uniformity planning.In this approach,the standard deviation of the transmission line load rate is considered as the uniformity evaluation index for power source and grid planning.A multi-stage and multi-objective optimization model of the power source and grid expansion planning is established to minimize the comprehensive cost of the entire planning cycle.In this study,the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and genetic algorithm are combined to solve the model,thus improving the efficiency and accuracy of the solution.The analysis of a simple IEEE Garver’s 6-node system shows that the model and solution method are effective and feasible.Moreover,they are suitable for the coordinated planning of the power source and grid under a diversified nature of power supply and load.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province（2008011010） Supported by the Scientific Research and Key Subject Foundation of University of Science and Technology of Suzhou
文摘In this paper,the definition of absolutely balanced and uniformly balanced for graphs are introduced,the difference between balance graphs are pointed out.Using（p,p＋1）-graph as an example,we explained the existence of this difference and obtained some new results.
