The yield potential of japonica/indica hybrids(JIH)has been achieved over 13.5 t ha–1 in large-scale rice fields,and some physiological traits for yield advantage of JIH over japonica inbred rice(JI)and indica hybrid...The yield potential of japonica/indica hybrids(JIH)has been achieved over 13.5 t ha–1 in large-scale rice fields,and some physiological traits for yield advantage of JIH over japonica inbred rice(JI)and indica hybrid rice(IH)were also identified.To date,little attention has been paid to morphological traits for yield advantage of JIH over JI and IH.For this reason,three JIH,three JI,and three IH were field-grown at East China(Ningbo,Zhejiang Province)in 2015 and 2016.Compared with JI and IH,JIH had 14.3 and 20.8%higher grain yield,respectively,attributed to its more spikelets per panicle and relatively high percentage of filled grains.The advantage in spikelets per panicle of JIH over JI and IH was shown in number of grains on the upper,middle,and lower branches.Compared with JI and IH,JIH had higher leaf area through leaf width and lower leaf angle of upper three leaves,higher leaf area index and leaf area per tiller at heading and maturity stages,higher stem weight per tiller and K and Si concentrations of stem at maturity,higher dry matter weight in leaf,stem,and panicle at heading and maturity stages,and higher biomass accumulation after heading and lower biomass translocation from stem during ripening.Leaf width of upper three leaves were correlated positively,while leaf angle of upper three leaves were correlated negatively with biomass accumulation after heading,stem weight per tiller,and per unit length.Our results indicated that the grain yield advantage of JIH was ascribed mainly to the more spikelets per panicle and relatively high percentage of filled grains.Higher leaf area through leaf width and more erect leaves were associated with improved biomass accumulation and stem weighing during ripening,and were the primary morphological traits underlying higher grain yield of JIH.展开更多
旨在探讨不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量与水分利用效率的影响,并阐明其相关生理基础。本研究以甬优1540为材料,设置了3种灌溉模式,即长淹灌溉(continuous flooding,CF)、轻度干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and moderate dryin...旨在探讨不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量与水分利用效率的影响,并阐明其相关生理基础。本研究以甬优1540为材料,设置了3种灌溉模式,即长淹灌溉(continuous flooding,CF)、轻度干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and moderate drying, AWMD)以及重度干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and severe drying, AWSD)。研究结果表明,与CF相比, AWMD与AWSD均能显著提高水分利用效率,增幅分别为22.6%~25.6%与18.2%~23.1%;AWMD可以显著提高水稻产量,增幅为8.6%~10.0%,而AWSD则显著降低水稻产量,降幅为6.0%~7.5%。与CF相比, AWMD显著降低了拔节期水稻的茎蘖数、地上部干物质重、叶面积指数、移栽至齐穗期的光合势以及移栽至拔节期的作物生长速率,但显著提高了茎蘖成穗率、拔节至齐穗期的作物生长速率、主要生育期水稻根长密度、深根比、比根长、根系总吸收表面积与活跃吸收表面积,以及灌浆后2次土壤复水期的剑叶净光合速率、根系氧化力、根系与叶片中玉米素和玉米素核苷(Z+ZR)含量、籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性等指标。以上结果表明, AWMD可以协同提高甬优1540产量与水分利用效率,优化根-冠生长发育特征,提高灌浆期植株生理活性,实现高产与水分高效利用,为本研究最佳水分管理模式。展开更多
旨在探讨施氮量对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量和氮肥利用效率的影响及其相关生理基础。本研究以浙江省大面积推广应用的籼粳杂交稻品种甬优1540为材料,设置4个施氮量,即全生育期不施用氮肥(N0)、全生育期施用纯氮80 kg hm^(-2)(N1)、160 kg ...旨在探讨施氮量对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量和氮肥利用效率的影响及其相关生理基础。本研究以浙江省大面积推广应用的籼粳杂交稻品种甬优1540为材料,设置4个施氮量,即全生育期不施用氮肥(N0)、全生育期施用纯氮80 kg hm^(-2)(N1)、160 kg hm^(-2)(N2)以及240 kg hm^(-2)(N3)。研究结果表明,(1)施氮量对水稻产量与氮肥利用效率影响显著。在0~160 kg hm^(-2)范围内,水稻产量随施氮量的增加而增加,产量的增加主要得益于总颖花量的增加;超过此范围产量则不再增加,主要是由于结实率降低,且氮收获指数与氮肥利用效率(氮肥农学利用率、氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥偏生产力以及产谷利用率)也显著降低。(2)施氮量对水稻地上部生长发育影响显著。在0~240 kg hm^(-2)范围内,随着施氮量的增加,拔节期、齐穗期以及成熟期水稻地上部干物重显著增加,但收获指数则显著降低;在0~160 kg hm^(-2)范围内,灌浆中、后期水稻剑叶净光合速率、剑叶中Z+ZR含量以及籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性随施氮量的增加而增加,超过此范围则不再增加,甚至会有所降低。(3)施氮量对水稻根系形态生理特征影响显著。在0~160 kg hm^(-2)范围内,拔节期、齐穗期以及成熟期水稻根干重、0~10 cm土层根干重、10~20 cm土层根干重、总根长、根长密度、比根长以及灌浆中、后期水稻根系氧化力、根系与根系伤流液中Z+ZR浓度水平等根系形态与生理指标均随施氮量的增加而增加,但进一步将施氮量提高至240 kg hm^(-2)时,上述指标中仅根干重、0~10 cm土层根干重、总根长以及根长密度有所增加。(4)相关分析表明,灌浆期水稻根系氧化力、根系中Z+ZR含量以及根系伤流液中Z+ZR浓度与剑叶净光合速率、剑叶中Z+ZR含量以及籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性呈极显著正相关关系。以上结果表明,适宜的施氮量可以优化甬优1540的根系形态与生理特征,促进地上部生长发育,提高灌浆中、后期植株生理活性,进而实现高产与氮肥高效利用。展开更多
本研究利用云南海拔2650 m高寒稻区种植的地方粳稻老品种小麻谷与具有籼稻细胞质背景的改良品系南34为亲本,分析比较了在400、1860和2200 m 3个不同海拔下产生的正反交F2群体形态性状的遗传差异。结果表明,细胞质和海拔引起杂合体花粉...本研究利用云南海拔2650 m高寒稻区种植的地方粳稻老品种小麻谷与具有籼稻细胞质背景的改良品系南34为亲本,分析比较了在400、1860和2200 m 3个不同海拔下产生的正反交F2群体形态性状的遗传差异。结果表明,细胞质和海拔引起杂合体花粉育性的差异可导致其F2群体中形态性状发生明显的遗传变异,其中细胞质对F2群体形态性状遗传变异的效应随产生群体海拔的升高而增加,在2200 m的高海拔细胞质效应最为明显。该研究结果对探讨环境温度对细胞质效应的影响具有重要的参考价值。展开更多
基金financed by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0300802)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province, China (BE2016351)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (PAPD)
文摘The yield potential of japonica/indica hybrids(JIH)has been achieved over 13.5 t ha–1 in large-scale rice fields,and some physiological traits for yield advantage of JIH over japonica inbred rice(JI)and indica hybrid rice(IH)were also identified.To date,little attention has been paid to morphological traits for yield advantage of JIH over JI and IH.For this reason,three JIH,three JI,and three IH were field-grown at East China(Ningbo,Zhejiang Province)in 2015 and 2016.Compared with JI and IH,JIH had 14.3 and 20.8%higher grain yield,respectively,attributed to its more spikelets per panicle and relatively high percentage of filled grains.The advantage in spikelets per panicle of JIH over JI and IH was shown in number of grains on the upper,middle,and lower branches.Compared with JI and IH,JIH had higher leaf area through leaf width and lower leaf angle of upper three leaves,higher leaf area index and leaf area per tiller at heading and maturity stages,higher stem weight per tiller and K and Si concentrations of stem at maturity,higher dry matter weight in leaf,stem,and panicle at heading and maturity stages,and higher biomass accumulation after heading and lower biomass translocation from stem during ripening.Leaf width of upper three leaves were correlated positively,while leaf angle of upper three leaves were correlated negatively with biomass accumulation after heading,stem weight per tiller,and per unit length.Our results indicated that the grain yield advantage of JIH was ascribed mainly to the more spikelets per panicle and relatively high percentage of filled grains.Higher leaf area through leaf width and more erect leaves were associated with improved biomass accumulation and stem weighing during ripening,and were the primary morphological traits underlying higher grain yield of JIH.
文摘旨在探讨不同灌溉模式对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量与水分利用效率的影响,并阐明其相关生理基础。本研究以甬优1540为材料,设置了3种灌溉模式,即长淹灌溉(continuous flooding,CF)、轻度干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and moderate drying, AWMD)以及重度干湿交替灌溉(alternate wetting and severe drying, AWSD)。研究结果表明,与CF相比, AWMD与AWSD均能显著提高水分利用效率,增幅分别为22.6%~25.6%与18.2%~23.1%;AWMD可以显著提高水稻产量,增幅为8.6%~10.0%,而AWSD则显著降低水稻产量,降幅为6.0%~7.5%。与CF相比, AWMD显著降低了拔节期水稻的茎蘖数、地上部干物质重、叶面积指数、移栽至齐穗期的光合势以及移栽至拔节期的作物生长速率,但显著提高了茎蘖成穗率、拔节至齐穗期的作物生长速率、主要生育期水稻根长密度、深根比、比根长、根系总吸收表面积与活跃吸收表面积,以及灌浆后2次土壤复水期的剑叶净光合速率、根系氧化力、根系与叶片中玉米素和玉米素核苷(Z+ZR)含量、籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性等指标。以上结果表明, AWMD可以协同提高甬优1540产量与水分利用效率,优化根-冠生长发育特征,提高灌浆期植株生理活性,实现高产与水分高效利用,为本研究最佳水分管理模式。
文摘旨在探讨施氮量对籼粳杂交稻甬优1540产量和氮肥利用效率的影响及其相关生理基础。本研究以浙江省大面积推广应用的籼粳杂交稻品种甬优1540为材料,设置4个施氮量,即全生育期不施用氮肥(N0)、全生育期施用纯氮80 kg hm^(-2)(N1)、160 kg hm^(-2)(N2)以及240 kg hm^(-2)(N3)。研究结果表明,(1)施氮量对水稻产量与氮肥利用效率影响显著。在0~160 kg hm^(-2)范围内,水稻产量随施氮量的增加而增加,产量的增加主要得益于总颖花量的增加;超过此范围产量则不再增加,主要是由于结实率降低,且氮收获指数与氮肥利用效率(氮肥农学利用率、氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥偏生产力以及产谷利用率)也显著降低。(2)施氮量对水稻地上部生长发育影响显著。在0~240 kg hm^(-2)范围内,随着施氮量的增加,拔节期、齐穗期以及成熟期水稻地上部干物重显著增加,但收获指数则显著降低;在0~160 kg hm^(-2)范围内,灌浆中、后期水稻剑叶净光合速率、剑叶中Z+ZR含量以及籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性随施氮量的增加而增加,超过此范围则不再增加,甚至会有所降低。(3)施氮量对水稻根系形态生理特征影响显著。在0~160 kg hm^(-2)范围内,拔节期、齐穗期以及成熟期水稻根干重、0~10 cm土层根干重、10~20 cm土层根干重、总根长、根长密度、比根长以及灌浆中、后期水稻根系氧化力、根系与根系伤流液中Z+ZR浓度水平等根系形态与生理指标均随施氮量的增加而增加,但进一步将施氮量提高至240 kg hm^(-2)时,上述指标中仅根干重、0~10 cm土层根干重、总根长以及根长密度有所增加。(4)相关分析表明,灌浆期水稻根系氧化力、根系中Z+ZR含量以及根系伤流液中Z+ZR浓度与剑叶净光合速率、剑叶中Z+ZR含量以及籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性呈极显著正相关关系。以上结果表明,适宜的施氮量可以优化甬优1540的根系形态与生理特征,促进地上部生长发育,提高灌浆中、后期植株生理活性,进而实现高产与氮肥高效利用。
文摘本研究利用云南海拔2650 m高寒稻区种植的地方粳稻老品种小麻谷与具有籼稻细胞质背景的改良品系南34为亲本,分析比较了在400、1860和2200 m 3个不同海拔下产生的正反交F2群体形态性状的遗传差异。结果表明,细胞质和海拔引起杂合体花粉育性的差异可导致其F2群体中形态性状发生明显的遗传变异,其中细胞质对F2群体形态性状遗传变异的效应随产生群体海拔的升高而增加,在2200 m的高海拔细胞质效应最为明显。该研究结果对探讨环境温度对细胞质效应的影响具有重要的参考价值。
